Characteristics of chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum, 60- 150 cm high. Stems erect, branched or unbranched, pilose. Leaves alternate, short-stalked, ovate to lanceolate, 5- 15 cm long, pinnately lobed or cleft, cuneate at the base, white pubescent at the lower part, coarsely serrated or deeply lobed at the edge, and cuneate at the base and stalk. The flower heads are solitary or clustered at the top of stems and branches, with a diameter of 2.5-20 cm and different sizes, and one or several are clustered at the top of stems and branches; Because of different varieties, there are great differences.

The involucral bracts are multi-layered, the outer layer is green, strip-shaped, the edge is membranous, and the outer side is pilose; Tongue flowers are white, red, purple or yellow. Colors are red, yellow, white, orange, purple, pink, crimson and so on. There are many varieties cultivated, which are varied in size and variety. Shapes range from single petals to flat petals and spoon petals, among which tubular flowers are often specialized into various tongue-shaped flowers. Flowering: September-165438+1October. Stamens, pistils and fruits are mostly underdeveloped.

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Growing environment of chrysanthemum:

Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, which can blossom early under short-day conditions. Love sunshine, avoid shade, be more drought-tolerant and be afraid of waterlogging. I like the warm and humid climate, but I can also resist the cold. Roots can overwinter underground in severe winter. Flowers can withstand slight frost, but higher temperature is needed for seedling growth and bud formation. The optimum growth temperature is about 20℃.

Autumn chrysanthemum is a long-night plant, and its stems and leaves grow nutritionally under the long sunshine of 14.5 hours every day. Darkness of 12 hours per day and night temperature of 100 degrees Celsius are suitable for flower bud development. But different varieties have different reactions to sunlight.

Chrysanthemum has strong adaptability, likes cold and is cold-resistant. The optimum growth temperature is 18-2 1℃, the highest is 32℃, and the lowest is 10℃. The low temperature tolerance limit of underground rhizomes is generally-10℃. The lowest night temperature at flowering stage is 17℃, and it can be reduced to 15- 13℃ at flowering stage (middle and late stage). I like plenty of sunshine, but I also tolerate shade a little. More resistant to dry, the most taboo waterlogging. I like sandy loam, which is located in Gao Qian, with deep soil layer, rich humus, loose fertility and good drainage. It can grow in slightly acidic to neutral soil, and the pH value is 6.2-6.7. Avoid continuous cropping.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-chrysanthemum