Biographies of famous people (just give you some reference materials and summarize from them)
Xu Beihong
On July 19, 1895, Xu Beihong was born in southern China. Qitingqiao Town, Yixing County, Jiangsu Province, is 15 kilometers west of the vast Taihu Lake.
Xu Beihong: (1895-1953) a master of modern painting art, a native of Yixing, Jiangsu. He entered school at the age of four and studied painting from his father. At a young age, he traveled east to Japan, and the following year went to France, where he taught under his tutelage. He then entered Xuliang College and the Ecole Nationale des Beaux-Arts in Paris to study in Germany in 1921. He returned to China in 1927 and served as an art professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. At the Paris Art Exhibition in 1933, the French government purchased twelve paintings and set up a special room for display. Xuan went to Europe and held art exhibitions in Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union. After the Anti-Japanese War, he held many art exhibitions in Guangzhou, Changsha, Hong Kong, India, Sin Chew and other places in China to relieve refugees from the motherland. He has successively served as professor at Peking University and Guilin Academy of Fine Arts. Later, he served as the principal of Beiping Art College. After liberation, he served as president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts and chairman of the All-China Art Workers Association. In terms of painting creation, he opposes formalism and insists on a realistic style, advocating that "the good ancient methods should be kept, the outdated ones should be inherited, the bad ones should be modified, the unsatisfactory ones should be improved, and those that can be adopted from Western paintings should be integrated." Inherit the excellent traditions of Chinese painting, absorb the strengths of Western painting, and create your own unique style. He is good at Chinese painting, oil painting, and especially sketching. He has profound attainments and is good at conveying the spirit. The famous oil paintings "My Queen", "Tian Heng's Five Hundred Men", Chinese paintings such as "Nine Fang Gao", "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain", "Meeting in Tokyo", etc. are the most important. He is famous for his horse painting, which is characterized by strong brushwork, magnificent spirit, layout, avoidance and coloring, all of which are innovative. . When he was ill in 1952, he donated all his creations and collections to the country. He has been actively engaged in art education throughout his life, devoted himself to the development of Chinese art, and cultivated many outstanding talents. . Died in Beijing in 1953. When he was only fifty-nine years old, his residence was renovated into a Xu Beihong Memorial Hall. His representative work "Galloping Horse" is the most beloved. The intercropping of flowers, birds and cats also has a unique style and full of interest. He is the author of "Pulu Dong", "Chu Lun Masterpiece", "Beihong Sketches Collection", "Beihong Oil Painting Collection", "Beihong Colorful Ink Painting Collection" and so on.
The shores of Taihu Lake are a gathering place for talented people, poets, and painters of all ages in China. It not only has clear lessons from its mountains and rivers, but also has hard-working and brave people and a long and glorious cultural tradition. According to legend, Fan Li and Xi Shi lived in seclusion in Yixing during the Spring and Autumn Period, making a living by making purple clay pottery. He is known as Tao Zhugong, the ancestor of purple clay pottery. Yixing is known as the pottery capital of China to this day. There is also a historic site called "Jiao Bridge" in Yixing, which was a place where Zhou Chu of the Jin Dynasty used to kill dragons to kill the people. Xu Beihong's father, Da Zhanggong, was an upright painter. He was good at poetry, calligraphy, and seal cutting, and was especially good at painting. He had profound attainments in landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. He did not admire fame, but only sought to be famous. He once carved many seals to express his aspirations, such as "Half tillage, half reading, half fishing and woodcutting", "My home is in the sound of reading", "When I have free time, I will write pictures and sell them, without having to commit sins in the world." "Money", "son's heart, hero's courage..." His love and pursuit of art and his noble moral character deeply influenced Xu Beihong and led him to embark on the road of painting.
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Xu Beihong started living with his father at the age of 6 When he was studying, he went to Liyang by boat with his father when he was 10 years old. He wrote the poem "The spring water is filled with green, the spring mountains are beautiful, the wind is good, and the boat passes thousands of mountains." After he finished reading "Four Books" and "Zuo Zhuan" at the age of 9, he began to study painting with his father, copying a painting and figure of Wu Youru every day. Wu Youru was the largest illustrator in the late Qing Dynasty. He could depict pavilions, pavilions, insects, fish, birds and beasts, exotic flowers and plants, and even thousands of armies and horses on a large scale. Every time Xu Beihong went to the city with his father, he would go to the painting shop to view the works of Shi Tao, Ba Ren, Ren Bonian and others. After returning home, he would write from memory. Under the diligent instruction of his father and the influence of innovative senior painters, he laid a solid foundation for Chinese painting.
In his lonely boyhood with few toys, Xu Beihong quietly fell in love with many animals around him, and carefully observed and described them, such as docile cows, galloping horses, quacking white geese, flocks of ducks floating on the water, The depictions of flowers lying tiredly in the corner or growing on trees... all appear in his brushstrokes one by one, as if they were alive.
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When I was 13 years old, the big boy in my hometown Water, Da Zhanggong portable Xu Beihong gold coal produced in other places. He painted figures, landscapes, flowers, and animals, carved seals, and wrote Spring Festival couplets. At that time, there was only portrait photography in the city, so they often painted portraits of people. For the young Xu Beihong, this was an extremely stringent test that would have a significant impact on his future outstanding achievements in figure painting. Of course, this career as a performer not only honed his artistic skills, but also brought him more into contact with the lower class society and the working people, inspiring his concern for the country and the people. He often signed his paintings at that time "Shenzhou Boy" ", "Jiangnan Poor Hero" express his great ambition.
As a boy, Xu Beihong was already exploring and creating a new painting style. At that time, the Bandit brand cigarette boxes came with animal pictures. Beihong loved to collect them. When he saw various animal specimens, he painted them. Sketch strictly and conscientiously. Some copies of the works of Western art masters gave him a vague desire to study art in Europe. However, the cold reality stood in front of him. The wandering life made his father seriously ill, and they had to return to their hometown.
17-year-old Xu Beihong became a well-known painter in Yixing and taught art at Yixing Women's Normal School, Pengcheng Middle School, and Shiqi Primary School. When Beihong was 19, his father died of illness. After burying his father with deep sorrow, Beihong decided to go to Shanghai to look for opportunities to work and study. When Zhang Zufen, a Chinese teacher at Yixing Junior Normal University, said goodbye to him, he encouraged him diligently: "You are young, smart, and hardworking, and your future is limitless. I hope you will remember this sentence: 'People can't be arrogant, but they can't be arrogant.'" I have nothing to give you, so I will give you these words! Xu Beihong felt infinite gratitude from the bottom of his heart and remembered these words throughout his life. He still carried them with him as a motto until the end of his life. She said to me tenderly: "Mr. Zhang Zufen can be called my first confidant!" "
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In 1914, Xu Beihong came When he arrived in Shanghai, Xu Ziming, a fellow professor at a Chinese public school, recommended Beihong's paintings to the principal of Xia Xia University. Very surprised, he whispered to Xu Pingming: "He is as young as a child, how can he work?" Xu Ziming argued passionately: "As long as he has talent, why do you care about his age?" "Later, Xu Beihong wrote several times to the president of Fudan University, but received no reply; so Xu Beihong lived in Shanghai. While he was wandering without time, Xu Ziming introduced him to Yun Tieqiao, editor of "Novel Monthly". Xu Beihong took his Hua and Xu Ziming's letter went to see Huai Tieqiao, and he was favored. He agreed to find a small position as an illustrator for Xu Beihong in the Commercial Press, and asked Xu Beihong to hear back in a few days.
At this time. It was already the season of autumn rain. Xu Beihong didn't have an umbrella, so he went to hear the news in the rain. Mr. Yun Tieqiao said happily: "It worked!" You will be able to move to the Commercial Press soon. "A warm feeling came to Xu Beihong's cold body. He immediately rushed back to the hotel and wrote to his mother and friends in his hometown saying that he had found a job.
Xingang
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Xu Beihong is creating
As soon as he sent it, there was a sudden knock on the door. Yun Tieqiao stood in front of the door, holding a paper bag in his hand, and said in panic: "The situation is desperate!" Xu Beihong hurriedly opened the paper bag and saw that in addition to his own paintings, there was also an approval document inside: "Xu Beihong's The painting is not suitable." Xu Beihong felt that his heart suddenly burst and blood kept pouring out.
An uncontrollable pain and disappointment gripped him strongly. He rushed to the Huangpu River and wanted to end his life. The turbid and rushing sweat rushed against the river bank, and the ship's whistle roared sharply. Xu Beihong unbuttoned his clothes and let the ruthless wind hit his young chest. When a cold shiver slowly spread from his heels to his whole body, he said to himself soberly: "A person who can extricate himself at the end of his rope is not considered cowardly!"
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Xu Beihong returned to his hometown and sent away the first melancholy child without a father. Lunar New Year's eve. A folk doctor in the town comforted him with deep sympathy and gave him a small sum of money. So Xu Beihong came to Shanghai again, but still couldn't find a job. By chance, Huang Zhenzhi, a wealthy businessman from Shanghai, saw Xu Beihong's works. He admired his genius and sympathized with his plight, and generously provided him with accommodation. But soon, Huang Zhenzhi unfortunately went bankrupt, and Xu Beihong had nothing to rely on. At that time, the famous Lingnan painters Gao Jianfu and Gao Qifeng brothers opened the Aesthetic Library in Shanghai. Xu Beihong painted a picture of a horse and sent it to the museum, which was greatly appreciated. He wrote back and said: "Although Han Qian was ancient, there is nothing he can do wrong!" and asked Xu Beihong to paint four more pictures of ladies. At this time, Xu Beihong only had 5 copper plates left on his body, and it took a week to finish the 4 pictures of ladies. Xu Beihong could only buy a ball of glutinous rice with one copper plate every day to satisfy his hunger. On the sixth and seventh days, he did not eat for the whole day. When he finally took the four paintings of ladies to the Aesthetic Museum, it was snowing heavily on the street, and the Gao brothers were not there. Xu Beihong had to hand the paintings to the gatekeeper to accept them. He was so hungry that he had to take off his thin clothes. Pawn clothes.
Xu Beihong is creating
When the severe cold gradually subsided, Xu Beihong saw the enrollment advertisement of Aurora University, applied for the exam, and was admitted. However, he had no choice but to borrow money from a fellow countryman, Ruan Zhaiguang, who was not rich, to pay the tuition fee for admission. Ruan Zhaiguang warmly received and helped him. So Xu Beihong enrolled in school, and in addition to studying French, he continued to paint. One day, he read in the newspaper that the Mingzhi University attached to Hartung Garden was seeking a portrait of Cangjie, so he drew a portrait of Cangjie based on the ancient book's description, hoping to get some remuneration and solve his life difficulties. A few days later, Mingzhi University sent a car to pick him up, praised his work, and invited him to teach academics. Xu Beihong explained that he was still studying and had to wait until the end of the semester.
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When summer vacation comes, Xu Beihong carries Art supplies, go to Akechi University. At that time, Mingzhi University often invited scholars and celebrities to give lectures. Xu Beihong therefore met famous scholars Kang Youwei, Wang Guowei and others. Kang Youwei discovered that Xu Beihong was a prodigy in the art field, and asked him to paint portraits of himself, his late wife, and their friends, and gave Xu Beihong his entire collection to view. Under Kang Youwei's guidance, Xu Beihong visited stone steles everywhere, improved his calligraphy skills, developed a sophisticated taste, and gradually formed his majestic and unrestrained personal style.
Xu Beihong received the writing remuneration from Mingzhi University and decided to go to Japan to study art. In May 1917, Xu Beihong arrived in Tokyo and spent the whole day looking for places to hide his paintings.
He felt that some Japanese painters were no longer limited by old methods, and gradually shed their old habits, and were able to carefully observe and depict nature, reaching a profound and beautiful state. This made Xu Beihong more determined to integrate Chinese and foreign techniques. In Japan, he also befriended the famous artist Fujitsu Nakamura and saw his collection of many ancient Chinese inscriptions and fine Japanese paintings. Nakamura also asked Xu Beihong to bring the Japanese version of "Guang Yizhou Double Collection" to Kang Youwei.
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In December 1917, Xu Beihong After arriving in Beijing, he began to show his prominence in China's world with his vibrant and national-style paintings, and was hired by Peking University as a tutor for the Painting Research Society. He saw a large number of excellent ancient Chinese paintings in the Forbidden City and drew rich nutrition from them. The intellectual circles in Beijing were very active at that time. Publications such as "New Youth" and "Weekly Review" violently attacked feudal ideas and spread democratic ideas and culture. Xu Beihong was also deeply affected, which made him stand firm. He was at the forefront of the New Culture Movement and became the most determined innovator among Chinese painters. In the first issue of Peking University's "Painting Magazine", he used the title "On the Reform of Chinese Painting" to fiercely attack the conservative forces in Chinese painting, pointed out pointedly: "The decadence of Chinese painting has reached its extreme today. There is no civilization in the world. Today, Chinese painting is 50 steps back from 20 years ago, 500 steps back from 300 years ago, and 800 steps back from a thousand years ago. It is regrettable. " He believed that the reason for the decline of Chinese painting was: "It is said to be conservative, but it has lost its status of academic independence." He lamented and wrote: "It is really a shame and a great humiliation to treat the people who failed to catch up thousands of years ago." On the issue of how to carry out innovation. On the above, he clearly stated: "Keep the good ancient methods, inherit the outdated ones, change the bad ones, add to the deficient ones, and incorporate them into Western paintings." Thanks to the help of Bo Zengxiang and Cai Wupei , Xu Beihong finally received public funding to study in France. In March 1919, Xu Beihong set sail from Shanghai to France with the determination to learn science and democracy from the Westerners and take the revitalization of Chinese art as his own mission, which began a turning point in his artistic career.
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After Xu Beihong arrived in Paris, he first I went to major museums to carefully observe the essence of Western art and compare the differences between them and Eastern art. I stopped painting for several months. Then, he studied sketching at Xuliang Painting Academy. Later, he was admitted to the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he was taught by Flamant and Gaulemont. Every time I take a competitive exam, I come out on top. After school, he went to the Louvre and the Luxembourg Museum to study the similarities and differences of various schools and the achievements of famous artists. Copy the works of masters such as Pluto, Delagiolova, Velázquez, and Rembrandt. In the winter of 1920, the French sculptor Tang Pott introduced Xu Beihong to Dayan Bouveret, the leader of the French National Painting Society. This painting society opposed the outdated and conservative French Artists Association and advocated innovation based on absorbing the strengths of various schools. It enjoyed high prestige at that time. From then on, Xu Beihong went to Da Yang Kong Kong to listen to Da Yang's teachings and participated in tea parties held by artists of the school every week. In particular, he learned deeply from the conversations about difficult relationships between people. Da Yang encouraged Xu Beihong and said: "Learning art is very hard. Don't be boastful and don't settle for small achievements." He asked Xu Beihong to draw sketches carefully and develop the habit of silent writing.
The French National Art Exhibition opened in April 1921. Xu Beihong watched carefully from morning to night. When he walked out of the venue, he discovered that it was snowing outside, and he had not eaten and lacked clothing to keep out the cold. Feeling hungry and cold, with abdominal pain like cramping. Since then I have suffered from severe intestinal spasms. He often forced himself to paint despite the pain, and one of the sketches that he still preserves says: "When people look at my paintings, how can they know that I am in so much pain every time that I do it?"
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Xu Beihong and his wife in 1948 Liao Jingwen, son Qingping, and daughter Fangfang took a group photo
※ This summer, his illness became more serious, and the tuition fees were completely cut off, so he had to go to Berlin. Xu Beihong met Kump, the director of the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts, and they became friends. After seeing the works of Menzel, Suigandini and Camp, he felt that although there were many excellent works in France, they were still limited. He loved Rembrandt's paintings the most, so he went to the museum to copy them, and each of them continued to paint 10 paintings. I didn't even drink a sip of water during this period, especially when I was copying Rembrandt's portrait of the Second Lady. I worked hard and felt that I had gained a little bit, but I still couldn't use it in my own works, so I worked harder.
In 1923, after Xu Beihong returned to Paris, his oil painting "Old Woman" was selected for the French National Art Exhibition for the first time, and he stated that although he had not slacked off in his studies, he had made little progress. People must have the habit of suffering, and the same goes for studying... People who have not experienced hardship often lack grand ambitions. The biggest writers are mostly people with the strongest perseverance, so they can achieve high achievements and plead for mankind. "Da Yang asked Xu Beihong to further refine his sketches. When painting the human body in oil, he should carefully study the parts. He must understand the subtleties and not pursue sharp and eye-catching brush strokes. Xu Beihong followed Dayang's teachings and saw great results, so he worked harder. He successively published "Sorrowful" In 1927 alone, 9 works were selected for the French National Art Exhibition and received high recognition.
In 1925, Xu Beihong also went to Singapore to paint for Tan Kah Kee and his Xiamen University, and exhibited his paintings in Shanghai, which aroused great interest in the cultural circles. "Xu Beihong wrote portraits of me, Duke Wen Shen, and Shen Zipeishang 10 years ago. They are lifelike. In painting, he is a genius. He traveled to Japan together and studied painting in France and Germany for 7 years. Today, I have been shown the painting, which is profound, magnificent, and majestic. It is unique in China and cannot be compared to others. His paintings are unprecedented in China, and his style of painting is also unprecedented in China. "
In 1926, Xu Beihong went to the museum in Brussels to paint. He loved Rubens's works and considered him one of the greatest color painters in ancient and modern times.
In the spring of 1927, Xu Beihong went to Italy. and Switzerland, lingering in front of the famous sculptures of St. Peter's Temple and Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, admiring the masterpieces of Renaissance masters, and visiting Pompeii to appreciate the ancient history of the West The atmosphere of art.
After 8 years of diligent study and study, Xu Beihong felt that he was confident before creating and could write freely, so he brought his superb painting skills and extensive knowledge. He returned to his motherland after a long absence and devoted himself to the realism art movement that revolutionized Chinese painting. As an honest and upright artist, Xu Beihong's artistic activities have always been closely linked to his ancestors' fate.
After returning to China in 1927, Xu Beihong, together with Tian Han and Ouyang Yuqian, founded the Nanguo Art Institute. While serving as the director of the art department, Xu Beihong began to create the huge oil painting "Tian Heng's Five Hundred Soldiers" to praise the oppressed. The most valuable thing for the people is the spirit of being wealthy, not immoral, and unyielding.
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In 1928, Nanjing Central University also hired Xu Beihong as a professor in the art department. Xu Beihong stated that he could not quit his job in Nanjing, so he taught in Nanjing for half of the month.
In 1929, Xu Beihong became the dean of the Beijing Academy of Art. He hired Qi Baishi as a professor with a firm attitude of "one word speaks to all" and tried his best to promote the innovation of Chinese painting teaching.
Feeling that many talents in China were being buried and suppressed, he He created the huge Chinese painting "Nine Fang Gao".
After several revisions of the draft, the joy of Chollima meeting his soulmate and the far-sighted demeanor of Jiufang Gao, although a woodcutter, are vividly expressed. From 1931 to 1933, Xu Beihong spent two years painting the huge oil painting "The Empress" with the theme of "The Book of Books" to express the people's desire to be rescued against their oppressors.
In order to promote Chinese art and improve the international status of Chinese art, Xu Beihong went to Europe in 1933 to hold a Chinese painting exhibition. The exhibition first caused a strong shock in Paris, with 3,000 important people attending the opening ceremony. The exhibition was extended for 15 days at the request of the audience, the catalog was printed to three pages, and there were more than 200 introductory articles in newspapers. French writer Paul Valori specially wrote an introduction to the exhibition. Xu Beihong's works were enthusiastically praised by the public. The French government purchased his painting "Cypresses" for collection. French newspapers praised the painting as being comparable to the master of the Barbizon School, Rousseau.
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Subsequently, Xu Beihong went to Brussels again He held personal exhibitions in , Berlin and Frankfurt, which were a great success. More than 50 newspapers and magazines have published praise articles.
The Chinese painting exhibitions held by Xu Beihong in Milan, Italy, Leningrad, and Moscow in the Soviet Union also caused a sensation. The documentary of the exhibition was screened nationwide and was hailed as the most important cultural exchange since Marco Polo. The Hermitage Museum of the Soviet Union also established a special exhibition room for Chinese paintings. Xu Beihong wrote in the article "The Process of Promoting Chinese Art Throughout Europe": "I went abroad to hold Chinese painting exhibitions this time. I have exhibited 7 times in France, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union, and established 4 Chinese exhibition rooms in A total of 20 million copies of articles and magazines were published by major museums praising Chinese culture due to the exhibitions. All my contacts at the exhibitions, internally and externally, were never done in the name of the government... I spent a lot of money from the Chinese people and it was known as the cultural fund. There is no help from any of the agencies. All my fellow citizens, please pay attention to this. "Xu Beihong brought back precious masks of Lenin and Tolstoy from the Soviet Union, and promoted Soviet prints in Nanjing and Nanjing. Exhibition in Shanghai.
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In 1935, Xu Beihong went to Guangxi , created the landscape painting "Spring Rain on the Li River", which depicts the world-famous Guilin landscape with a large splash of ink. The scenes blend together, the pen and ink are dripping, and the method is novel and unique. It is a representative work of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Central University moved to Chongqing, and Xu Beihong returned to the school to teach. He also created Chinese paintings such as "Ba People Drawing Water" and "Ba Poor Women" that reflected the hardships of life in the field.
In 1938, Xu Beihong took his works to Nanyang and held art exhibitions in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, and Ipoh with unprecedented success. Xu Beihong donated all the proceeds from the exhibition to help refugees in his motherland.
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In 1940, Xu Beihong came to India Invited by the poet and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore, he gave lectures at the International University in India and held an art exhibition in Calcutta.
Tagore wrote in the preface to the exhibition: "The Chinese art master Xu Beihong provides us with an ancient image that has disappeared in memory in rhythmic lines and colors, without losing the local color and color of his own experience. Unique style...I admired these paintings to the fullest and I am sure that our art lovers will get rich inspiration from these paintings...To talk too much is to talk...In this way, I raise the curtain of conversation to guide the audience Heading towards a once-in-a-lifetime beautiful feast?quot;
Xu Beihong made more than 10 sketches for Tagore, and based on them he completed the Chinese painting "Tagore." The great poet is concentrating on conceiving a beautiful poem. , the quiet and mysterious garden has infinite poetry. It is one of Xu Beihong's portrait masterpieces. Under Tagore's introduction, Xu Beihong also made a sketch of Mahatma Gandhi.
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In India, Xu Beihong created the huge Chinese painting "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain", which he had long conceived. The arduous spirit and belief in victory are shocking. At the critical moment of the survival of the Chinese nation, he used his brush to write a great image worthy of the times. Xu Beihong made more than a hundred paintings and paintings for this painting. The painting finally used giant rice paper to express the human body in violent motion. This was unprecedented in Chinese and Japanese paintings. It opened a new page in the development of Chinese painting and was a fusion between history and reality, Western painting and Chinese painting. A perfect combination.
※ In 1942, after Xu Beihong returned to Chongqing, he prepared a large number of outstanding Chinese paintings under extremely difficult conditions, among which animal paintings occupied a very important position. The animals in his paintings all reflect the artist's own spirit and have strong feelings about the times. He likes to write about lions that command the beasts, and uses the inscription "New life comes alive" to point out the longing for the nation to awaken and rise to the common ground. When people were invaded and ravaged, what he painted was a wounded lion with an angry look. The horse he painted was indomitable
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On September 29, 1953, Xu Beihong's body was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery in Beijing. This is a photo of the burial. The tomb of Xu Beihong
He is loved by people all over the world for his courage and ferocious strength. "I ask you what is the use of the strong foot fruit? I will spend the whole day in search of life." "This world is not a long night, it is deserted. "Poverty has an end", "Mountains and rivers will return to democracy after a hundred battles, and the rugged road will be leveled." The painter's joy, anger, sorrow and joy have been integrated with the galloping horse that can support life and death. In the wind and rain, the rooster crows and flies against the wind. The sparrows, the gluttonous white geese, and the lazy pigs are all lifelike and endowed with profound meanings when they come off the paper. Their overtones and meanings outside the painting give people beautiful aftertaste and profound enlightenment. .
In the summer of 1943, Xu Beihong painted two figure paintings with completely different atmospheres in Qingcheng Mountain, and they were both based on Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs". One is a lonely mountain ghost in a quiet valley, and the other is a soldier who sacrificed his life for the country in a fierce hand-to-hand battle. Whether it is "Mountain Ghost" or "National Memorial", the artist's sadness and anger overflows outside the painting, and is closely connected with the pulse of the motherland.
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In 1946, Xu Beihong came Beiping, served as the principal of Beiping Art College. He hired many influential and capable artists to teach at the school. In view of the weaknesses of Chinese art teaching, he attached great importance to strict basic training, emphasized that sketching is the foundation of plastic arts, and the description of objects must be accurate.
At the same time, he also opposed copying objects and advocated key selections, which should be both broad and subtle. He advocated realism and required students to take expressing people's lives as their own responsibility and not to be self-sufficient by plagiarizing ancients. He advocated the development and development of traditional Chinese painting. innovation.
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Introduction to Xu Beihong's main works:
Xu Beihong is good at using horses to represent people and objects to express his feelings, in order to express his patriotic enthusiasm. The horses in Xu Beihong's works are "eternal and empty", with a unique attitude of high energy and heroic spirit.
"Galloping Horse"
Judging from the inscription on this painting, this "Gallanting Horse" was painted in the autumn of 1941 during the Second Battle of Changsha. At this time, the Anti-Japanese War was in the stage of a stalemate between the enemy and ourselves. The Japanese army wanted to completely defeat China and make the Kuomintang government surrender before launching the Pacific War. Therefore, they tried their best to launch the Changsha Battle repeatedly in an attempt to open up Chongqing, the chokepoint for north-south transportation. Our side suffered a defeat in the second battle, and Changsha was occupied by the Japanese invaders. Xu Beihong, who was holding an art exhibition to raise funds in Penang, Malaysia, was anxious when he heard that the national crisis was at hand. He painted "Galloping Horse" all night to express his anxiety.
"Horses"
Xu Beihong's early horses have a literati's indifferent poetry, showing the attitude of "looking back, looking back, lonely and lonely". After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Xu Beihong realized that artists should not be limited to artistic narcissism, but should breathe the same fate as the country and devote artistic creation to the fiery life. Therefore, his horse became an awakening nation. Spiritual symbol. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, his horse became a symbol of "the mountains and rivers have fought a hundred battles to return to democracy, and the rugged road has been leveled." It still looks like a galloping horse, but it is less anxious and sad, and more cheerful and uplifting.
Xu Beihong is an outstanding painter in my country.
From 1919 to 1927, he studied in some European countries. At that time, China was plagued by warlords, poverty and backwardness, and had no status in the world. Chinese students studying abroad were often discriminated against by some people.
Once, many foreign students were gathering together. A foreign student smelling of alcohol stood up and said viciously: "The Chinese are stupid and stupid, and they are only worthy of being slaves of the subjugated country. That is, they are sent to You can’t become a talent even if you go to heaven to study!” Xu Beihong, who was sitting nearby, was irritated. He walked up to the foreign student and said loudly: “Sir, didn’t you say that Chinese people are not good enough?” You represent your country, and we will compete to see who is the talent and who is the idiot when we graduate!"
From then on, Xu Beihong studied harder. When he went to major museums in Paris to copy world-famous paintings, he would often bring a piece of bread and a jug of water with him. He would stay there all day long and would not come out until closing time. The French painter Dayang liked Xu Beihong very much. He saw the strong perseverance of the Chinese people from this Chinese young man. He took the initiative to invite Xu Beihong to his home, paint in his studio, and personally gave Xu Beihong guidance.
Where there is a will, there is a way. After Xu Beihong entered the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, he won first place in several competitions and examinations. In 1924, when his oil paintings were exhibited in Paris, they caused a sensation in the Parisian art world. At this time, the foreign student who scolded the Chinese for their incompetence in front of everyone had to admit that he was no match for the Chinese.