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Hands that do not let go of scrolls
Guangwu (Liu Xiu) is a soldier and horse, and his hands do not let go of scrolls."
Definition of "Scrolls" "Refers to a book. The book in your hand refuses to be put down, which means seizing the time to study hard, or being fascinated by reading.
Story During the Three Kingdoms era, there was a general named Lü Meng in Soochow with the courtesy name Ziming. When he was young, his family was poor. He was poor and unable to study. After joining the army, although he fought bravely and made many military exploits, he suffered from lack of education and could not summarize his military experience.
One day, Sun Quan, the leader of Wu, said to Lu Meng: "You are now. A general who is in charge of affairs should study hard to increase his talents."
When Lu Meng heard that his lord asked him to study, he embarrassedly excused himself and said: "There are many things in the army. I have to personally take care of everything. I’m afraid I won’t have time to study!”
Sun Quan said: “You don’t have as much to do as I do, right? I’m not asking you to study knowledge, but just to study. You just read some ancient books and get some inspiration from them."
Lu Meng asked: "But I don't know which books I should read?"
Sun Quan listened and said with a smile. You can first read some art of war books such as "Sun Tzu" and "Six Tao", and then read some history books such as "Zuo Zhuan" and "Historical Records". These books will be very useful for leading troops to fight in the future. "
After a pause, Sun Quan said again: "You have to squeeze out time yourself. In the past, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty always held a book in his hand and refused to put it down at the tense moment of marching and fighting! You young people should encourage yourselves to read more books. "
After listening to Sun Quan's words, Lu Meng began to study and study when he returned home, and persevered.
Source: "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Lu Meng Biography" annotated "Jiang Biao Biography"
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Wei Bian San Jue
Books in the Spring and Autumn Period were mainly made of bamboo. The bamboo was broken into bamboo sticks, called bamboo "slips", and dried with fire. Then write on it. Bamboo slips have a certain length and width. One bamboo slip can only write one line, ranging from dozens to eight or nine. A book requires many bamboo slips, and these bamboo slips must be tied with strong ropes. Books like "Yi" are of course composed of many bamboo compilations, so they have considerable weight.
Confucius spent a lot of effort. , read the entire "Yi" once, and basically understood its content. He then read it a second time and mastered its basic points. Then he read it a third time and gained a thorough understanding of its spirit and essence. After that, in order to study this book in depth and explain it to his disciples, he read it countless times and broke the cowhide straps connecting the bamboo slips several times. Replaced with new ones many times and used them again.
Even after reading this, Confucius said modestly: "If I had been allowed to live a few more years, I would have been able to fully grasp the text and quality of "Yi". . ”
Source: "Historical Records·Confucius' Family"
Chiseling the Wall to Steal the Light
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a farmer's child named Kuang Heng. He wanted to do this when he was a child. He studied, but because his family was poor, he had no money to go to school. Later, he learned to read from a relative, and he had the ability to read.
Kuang Heng could not afford to buy books, so he had to borrow books to read. , books are very valuable, and people who have books are not willing to lend them to others easily. Kuang Heng worked part-time for wealthy people during the busy farming season, and he did not pay any wages, just asking people to lend him books.
A few years later, Kuang Heng grew up and became the main labor force in the family. He worked in the fields all day long, and only had time to read a little during his lunch break, so he often read a book. It took ten and a half days to finish reading. Kuang Heng was very anxious and thought to himself: I don’t have time to read during the day when I plant crops, so I can use more time at night to read.
But Kuang Heng’s family was very poor and couldn’t buy oil for lighting lamps. What should he do?
One night, Kuang Heng was lying on the bed and reciting the books he had read during the day. Carrying it on my back, I suddenly saw a ray of light coming from the east wall. He stood up in a hurry, walked to the wall and took a look. It turned out that the neighbor's light came through the cracks in the wall. So Kuang Heng thought of a way: he took a knife and dug a larger gap in the wall. In this way, the light that came through was also greater, so he leaned against the light that came through and read a book.
Kuang Heng studied hard in this way and later became a very knowledgeable person.
Enlightenment
This fable describes two things Kuang Heng did when he was a boy: one was cutting through walls to steal money, and the other was borrowing books to study hard. It praises Kuang Heng's courage to overcome difficult conditions and his diligent study spirit; it sets a good example for us to study hard immediately.
Hanging beams and thorns
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Sun Jing, a famous politician. At first, he was not reused because of his shallow knowledge, and even his family looked down upon him. This greatly stimulated him and made up his mind to study seriously. He often closed the door and read continuously alone. I read from morning to night every day, often forgetting to eat and sleep. After studying for a long time, I was tired and didn’t rest. After a long time, I was so tired that I dozed off. He was afraid that it would affect his study and study, so he came up with a special method. In ancient times, men's hair was very long. He found a rope and tied one end firmly to the beam. When he was tired from studying, he took a nap. As soon as he lowered his head, the rope would hold his hair, which would hurt his scalp. He would wake up immediately and continue reading and studying.
This is the story of Sun Jing Xuanliang.
During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Su Qin who was also a famous politician. When I was young, due to my limited knowledge, I went to work in many places but was not taken seriously. After returning home, his family was also very cold towards him and looked down upon him. This stimulated him greatly. Therefore, he made up his mind to study hard. He often studied until late at night and was very tired. He often took naps and wanted to sleep. So he figured out a way to prepare an awl, and as soon as he dozed off, he would use the awl to prick his thigh. In this way, I suddenly felt pain, woke myself up, and continued reading. This is the story of Su Qin's "gut stabbing".
[Note]: From the story of Sun Jing and Su Qin who were studying, the idiom "hanging beams and stabbing bones" is derived, which is used to describe the spirit of studying hard and studying hard. Their spirit of studying hard is good, but their methods of studying diligently do not need to be imitated
Yingxue Nangying
During the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was eager to learn since childhood. , but due to his poor family, his father could not provide him with a good learning environment. In order to maintain food and clothing, there was no extra money to buy lamp oil for him to study at night. For this reason, he could only use this time during the day to recite poetry.
One night in the summer, he was memorizing an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying in the low sky. The twinkling lights looked a bit dazzling in the darkness. He thought, if many fireflies were gathered together, wouldn't they become a lamp? So, he went to find a white silk bag, then grabbed dozens of fireflies and put them in it, tied the mouth of the bag, and It hangs up. Although it's not very bright, it can barely be used for reading. From then on, whenever there were fireflies, he would grab one and use it as a lamp. Because of his diligent study and practice, he finally became a high-ranking official.
Since Sun Kang had no money to buy lamp oil, he could not read at night and had to go to bed early. He felt it was a pity to let time run away in vain.
One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep. When he turned his head to the window, he found a ray of light coming through the crack of the window. It turns out that it is reflected by the heavy snow, and you can use it to read a book. So he suddenly lost his tiredness, immediately got dressed, took out his books, and went outside. The light of snow reflected on the broad land was much brighter than inside the house. Regardless of the cold, Sun Kang immediately started reading. His hands and feet were frozen, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, whenever there was snow at night, he never let go of this good opportunity and studied tirelessly.
This spirit of hard study promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds, and he became a well-educated man. Later, he became a high official.
Definition: Describes studying diligently in a difficult environment. Or describe a poor person studying diligently. Study hard day and night.
Zhang Yi folds bamboo
Zhang Yi was one of the representatives of strategists during the Warring States Period. When he was young, he used to copy books for others. When I encounter a good sentence that I have never seen before, I write it in the palm of my hand or on my big foot. When I get home at night, I fold the bamboo and carve it. Over time, it becomes a booklet.
This is a story about the diligence and hard work of the ancients.
Ren Mo Burning Artemisia
Ren Mo was fourteen years old and had no fixed teacher. He carried books on his back to become a disciple, and was not afraid of dangers and obstacles (along the way). They often say: "If a person doesn't study, how can he achieve success?" Sometimes he would lean under the trees, weave cogongrass into a thatched hut, cut wattle sticks to make a pen, and carve the sap into the tree for ink. He would read under the stars and moon at night. When it was a dark night without a moon, he would light flax stalks, wormwood, etc. to get light. When he had an understanding of the book, he would write it on his clothes to remember it. Students admired his diligent study spirit and often exchanged their clean clothes for clothes full of writing on his words. If you are not a saint, don’t read it. When he was about to die, he warned: "People like to study, even if they die, they will feel alive; people who don't study, even if they live, will be mediocre and incompetent."
Zheng Qian Shishi
Zheng Qian’s knowledge comes entirely from hard study. When Zheng Qian was 20 years old, he went to Chang'an (today's Xi'an) to take the imperial examination, but failed to pass the Jinshi examination. He was not discouraged and insisted on studying hard. "Tang Xinshu·Zheng Qian Biography" records a story about Zheng Qian picking leaves to practice calligraphy: Zheng Qian loved calligraphy and painting very much. After coming to Chang'an, he still practiced calligraphy hard every day. However, due to his poor family, he was so poor that I can't afford paper for practicing calligraphy and painting, and I often worry about this.
Later, Zheng Qian learned that there was a forest of persimmon trees in Ci'en Temple in the south of Chang'an City at that time. During the golden autumn season, large persimmon leaves gradually fell down. Because there were so many persimmon leaves, the monks in the temple Fallen persimmon leaves are collected and stored in the house. Over time, there were actually several rooms of persimmon leaves stored in Ci'en Temple.
After Zheng Qian heard about this, he couldn't help but have an idea. He thought that the persimmon leaves were relatively wide and flat, so wouldn't they be just right for writing! So Zheng Qian obtained the consent of the monks in the temple and came to stay at Ci'en Temple. Every day, he used dried persimmon leaves stored in the temple as paper and practiced calligraphy like crazy. On a piece of persimmon leaf, after writing on the front, write on the back. , day after day, without interruption. A few years later, Zheng Qian wrote on the persimmon leaves in several rooms of Ci'en Temple!
He became a famous calligrapher at that time.
Huaisu grows bananas
Huaisu was born in 737 AD (the 25th year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty) from Yongzhou (formerly known as Lingling), Hunan. When Huaisu was very young, he was ordained as a monk at Lingling Shutang Temple, and his monastic name was Huaisu.
In his spare time, Huai Su is good at calligraphy. In the Zen room, people rarely hear his chanting. As for the Huaihua Well behind Shutang Temple, people can often see Huaisu washing ink there. This kind of neglect of duty was finally no longer tolerated by Shutang Temple, a small temple. In addition, his character is really not suitable for being a believer who chants sutras and chants Buddha's name. So soon, Huaisu left Shutang Temple and returned to his home.
When he returned home, in addition to doing some simple labor, he devoted his main energy to his favorite art of calligraphy. Practicing calligraphy requires a few basic expenses. Ink is not a problem, and you can even practice calligraphy with a brush dipped in water. The difficulty is paper. The price of paper in the Tang Dynasty was not too expensive. However, Huaisu had no other source of income. In addition, Huaisu liked to write cursive script. Since he could write thousands of pieces of paper in a short time, buying paper was really a big financial burden. .
In order to solve this problem, Huai Su can be said to have spent a lot of effort. First, because he couldn't afford paper, Huaisu found a wooden board and disk and painted them with white paint.
Later, Huaisu felt that the paint board was smooth and difficult to stain, so he planted a large banana plant near his residence. Banana is a perennial herbaceous plant with large and wide leaves, like a wide piece of rice paper. You can let go of your hands and feet and write freely, and you can write repeatedly. Because Huaisu practiced calligraphy day and night, the old banana leaves were peeled off, and the smaller leaves were reluctant to pick, so he thought of a way to stand in front of the banana tree with a pen and ink, writing on the fresh leaves, even if the sun could not shine on him It was like suffering; the biting north wind made the skin of his hands crack, but he still ignored it and continued to practice calligraphy unremittingly. After he finished writing one thing, he started writing another without stopping. This is the famous Huaisu Bajiao calligraphy practice.
After the large banana trees grew, Huaisu gave his residence a very poetic name - "Lvtian Temple". It is said that Huaisu planted more than 10,000 banana plants, maybe it is a rumor. However, the story of Huaisu diligently practicing calligraphy using banana leaves as writing materials has been widely circulated, and has even become a frequent theme in the painter's works. Famous modern oil painters and traditional Chinese painting masters Xu Beihong and Li Keran have all painted Huaisu calligraphy and banana pictures.
Huai Su's two biggest characteristics are his hobby of drinking and his proficiency in cursive writing. "Drinking to nourish one's nature, writing in cursive to smooth one's mind." Perhaps drinking was an inducement that triggered his enthusiasm for cursive writing. At the age of 20, Huai Su's calligraphy skills have developed by leaps and bounds. Not only Shutang Temple, not just Yongzhou City, Huaisu's name is spread throughout Hunan. Li Bai once said in a poem: "The cursive script is called Dubu in the world." At this time, Huaisu was no longer a poor monk, and he no longer needed to use banana leaves instead of paper to practice calligraphy. He even changed from a character who admired contemporary celebrities to a celebrity that everyone wanted to meet. Calligraphy was an art that was widely valued by society in the Tang Dynasty. From top to bottom, the trend of good calligraphy spread almost throughout the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, people who were good at calligraphy were also valued by society, and the calligraphy of celebrities was even more loved by people. However, he was by no means content to display his talents only in the South. He has a desire to break into the capital city of Chang'an and seek fame there. Moreover, the further improvement of calligraphy level often requires the guidance of famous teachers. At that time, most of the famous calligraphers were concentrated in the capital, and the capital had a variety of cultural landscapes and calligraphy works could be seen everywhere, which was very helpful in broadening one's horizons.
Chang'an is a place where talented people gather and where dignitaries gather. For a time, these upper-class people who usually had aloof attitude suddenly became humble. They brought out their big horses for Huai Su to ride on, and also freed up their "gorgeous houses" for Huai Su to live in. As the saying goes, "I ride on the prince's horse in the morning and stay in the prince's house in the evening." For a time, there was a moderate "Huaisu wind" in the capital. Of course, the ultimate goal of the princes and princes in courting Huai Su was to obtain Huai Su's cursive works. Due to too many social activities, even prominent people had to say hello and make an "appointment" in advance after meeting Huai Su: My house has already made screens and the walls have been painted, waiting for you to show off. Yes, you must not forget it! Once they can invite Huaisu, these noble people will always take Huaisu to their homes on horses, and use gold basins to fill them with fine wine and bamboo leaf incense. As long as they are ready With enough wine, the nobles no longer need to worry about the rest. Huaisu will naturally leave endlessly changing lines that make people obsessed after being drunk.
In Chang'an, Huaisu stayed for about five years, and it can be said that he stole the show. In the seventh year of the Dali calendar, Huaisu was ready to return to his hometown. On the route back home, Huai Su made a deliberate choice. He wanted to detour eastward to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and then go south from Luoyang. Luoyang was known as the Eastern Capital at that time. Like Chang'an, the Western Capital, it was the national cultural center, with many well-known writers, musicians, and painters gathered here. It was the place where the calligrapher Zhang Xu once lived, and there are many famous calligraphy monuments there, which was very helpful for expanding my horizons. After arriving in Luoyang, he went to the place where Zhang Xu had been to pay his respects.
Huaisu had long heard that there was a man named Wu Tong, who was Zhang Xu's student and a famous calligrapher. Perhaps from him Huai Su can trace the secret of the success of "Grass Saint". So, he inquired about Wu Tong's residence, seriously worshiped Wu Tong as his teacher, and learned calligraphy from Wu Tong.
What's interesting is that Wu Tong's teaching of the essentials of calligraphy is not organized and systematic, and mostly consists of random insights. One night in the middle of the night, Wu Tong suddenly said to Huaisu: There are many "ancient styles" of cursive script, but only Wang Xianzhi's cursive script is unique. Emperor Taizong thought Wang Xianzhi's cursive script was like a dead tree in the cold winter, strong and hard in the cold, with no branches or leaves. From then on, Huaisu paid more attention to Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy and learned from his "hardness".
Another time, Wu Tong told Huai Su that his late teacher Zhang Changshi once said to me in private: "A solitary tent can vibrate by itself, and it can fly when the sand is frightened." I often ponder the meaning of this sentence, The fluffy grass that rotates and floats in the wind is like a kind of cursive writing; the wind picks up the fine sand and dances in the air, just like the ever-changing momentum of cursive writing. I pondered over and over again the meaning of this sentence and tried to imitate the artistic appeal contained in this natural phenomenon. Cursive writing has developed by leaps and bounds. After hearing this, Huaisu remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he shouted dozens of times: "You've got it!" Yes, why didn't Huaisu have similar experiences and feelings? He also He once observed the colorful clouds in summer, whose shapes changed with the wind and had different moods. He kept this situation in mind and slowly thought about it. He always felt that there was an indescribable close relationship between the colorful peaks of summer clouds and the expression of cursive script. . He also carefully considered the rapid movement of Lady Gongsun's sword dance, and realized its similarity with calligraphy. From his teacher Wu Tong, he learned to use his brain and "write" with his head. Huaisu's good intentions finally paid off. Huaisu's outstanding artistic achievements in Kuangcao were finally able to continue Zhang Xu's artistic style. Huaisu, who "continued the top with Kuangcao", became a representative figure of Kuangcao calligraphy.
1. Fireflies reflect the snow: Use fireflies to illuminate the book and read with the snowlight to illuminate the book. Describing diligent study
2. Hanging your hair on the beam and pricking your thighs with an awl. Describes studying hard.
3. Wei’s three specialties: Wei: cooked cowhide. Wei Bian: In ancient times, bamboo sketches were used to write books, and cooked cowhide strips were used to connect the bamboo sketches to make "Wei Bian". Three: multiple times. Jue: break. After reading it repeatedly, the leather string connecting the bamboo slips was broken many times. Refers to studying diligently and hard.
4. Chengmen Lixue: Standing in front of Cheng Yi’s door in the heavy snow, describing respecting the teacher and piously asking for advice.
5. Chiseling through the wall to steal light: chiseling through the wall to attract light. Describes a poor family but still studying hard.
6. Hang books on cow horns: hang books on cow horns and read while herding cows. A metaphor for being diligent and studious.
7. Plowing during the day and reciting at night: Farming during the day and reading at night, describing seizing the time to study and studying diligently.
8. Log pillow: Using logs as a pillow makes it easy to wake up when sleeping and will not make you lazy. Describes pushing oneself and being diligent and unremitting. Holding the ice in the cold winter, holding the fire in the hot summer: describes working hard and tempering oneself.
9. Lie on firewood and taste gall: sleep on firewood and taste gall before meals. It is a metaphor for working hard to encourage oneself and working hard to become stronger.
10. Break the cauldron and sink the boat: smash the pot and sink the boat. It is a metaphor for making up one's mind and working hard to the end regardless of everything.
1. Chiseling through walls to steal light
During the Western Han Dynasty, there was a farmer’s child named Kuang Heng. He wanted to study very much when he was a child, but because his family was poor, he had no money to go to school. Later, he learned to read from a relative and gained the ability to read.
Kuang Heng couldn't afford books, so he had to borrow books to read. At that time, books were very valuable, and people who owned them were not willing to lend them to others easily. Kuang Heng worked part-time for wealthy people during the busy farming season. He didn't pay any wages and only asked people to lend him books to read.
After a few years, Kuang Heng grew up and became the main labor force in the family. He worked in the fields all day long, and only had time to read a little while taking a break at noon, so it often took ten and a half days to finish a book. Kuang Heng was very anxious and thought to himself: I plant crops during the day and don’t have time to read. I can use more time to read at night. But Kuang Heng’s family was very poor and couldn’t buy oil for lighting lamps. What should he do?
One night, Kuang Heng was lying on the bed and reciting the books he had read during the day. Carrying it on my back, I suddenly saw a ray of light coming from the east wall. He stood up in a hurry, walked to the wall and took a look. It turned out that the neighbor's light came through the cracks in the wall.
So Kuang Heng thought of a way: he took a knife and dug a larger gap in the wall. In this way, the light coming through was also greater, so he started reading with the light coming through.
Kuang Heng studied hard in this way and later became a very knowledgeable person.
2. Nangying Yingxue
The idiom "Nangying Yingxue" refers to Che Yin, a poor family in the Jin Dynasty who had no money to buy lamp oil and wanted to study at night. , so he grabbed a handful of fireflies as a lamp to read in the summer evening; Yingxue was Sun Kang of the Jin Dynasty who used the light reflected by the snow to read at night in the winter.
During the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was eager to learn since he was a child. However, due to his poor family, his father could not provide him with a good learning environment. In order to maintain food and clothing, there was no extra money to buy lamp oil for him to study at night. For this reason, he could only use this time during the day to recite poetry.
One night in the summer, he was memorizing an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying in the low sky. The twinkling lights looked a bit dazzling in the darkness. He thought, if many fireflies were gathered together, wouldn't they become a lamp? So, he went to find a white silk bag, then grabbed dozens of fireflies and put them in it, tied the mouth of the bag, and It hangs up. Although it's not very bright, it can barely be used for reading. From then on, whenever there were fireflies, he would grab one and use it as a lamp. Because of his diligent study and practice, he finally became a high-ranking official.
The same was true for Sun Kang of the same dynasty. Since I had no money to buy lamp oil, I couldn't read at night and had to go to bed early. He felt it was a pity to let time run away in vain.
One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep. When he turned his head to the window, he found a ray of light coming through the crack of the window. It turns out that it is reflected by the heavy snow, and you can use it to read a book. So he suddenly lost his tiredness, immediately got dressed, took out his books, and went outside. The light of snow reflected on the vast land was much brighter than inside the house. Regardless of the cold, Sun Kang immediately started reading. His hands and feet were frozen, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, whenever there was snow at night, he never let go of this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard study promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds, and he became a well-educated man. Later, he became a high official.
3. Hanging beams and thorns
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Sun Jing, a famous politician. At first, he was not reused because of his shallow knowledge, and even his family looked down upon him. This greatly stimulated him and made up his mind to study seriously. He often closed the door and read continuously alone. I read from morning to night every day, often forgetting to eat and sleep. After studying for a long time, I was tired and didn’t rest. After a long time, I was so tired that I dozed off. He was afraid that it would affect his study and study, so he came up with a special method. In ancient times, men's hair was very long. He found a rope and tied one end firmly to the beam. When he was tired from studying, he took a nap. As soon as he lowered his head, the rope would hold his hair, which would hurt his scalp. He would wake up immediately and continue reading and studying.
This is the story of Sun Jing Xuanliang.
During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Su Qin who was also a famous politician. When I was young, due to my limited knowledge, I went to work in many places but was not taken seriously. After returning home, his family was also very cold towards him and looked down upon him. This stimulated him greatly. Therefore, he made up his mind to study hard. He often studied until late at night and was very tired. He often took naps and wanted to sleep. So he figured out a way to prepare an awl, and as soon as he dozed off, he would use the awl to prick his thigh. In this way, I suddenly felt pain, woke myself up, and continued reading. This is the story of Su Qin's "gut stabbing".
4. Reading with the Moon
A long time ago, there was a man named Jiang Bi. When Jiang Bi was young, his family was very poor. His father was paralyzed and his mother was often sick. During the day, Jiang Bi I had to work outside to earn money to support my family, and I had to help my mother with work at night. I had no money or time to go to school. One night, after everyone at home fell asleep, Jiang Bi was sitting alone in the room. Suddenly, he saw the moonlight outside the window was so bright. Jiang Bi thought to himself: "I can use such a bright moonlight to see some things." If you read books, you won’t have to worry about not having money to light a lamp and read.
"However, the moon will move slowly, and Jiang Bi will hold the book and follow the moonlight while reading until the moonlight disappears. Sometimes, Jiang Bi is too tired from working during the day, but he still tries to pick up the energy to read at night. Just like this, one day As the day passed, Jiang Bi's knowledge became better and better, and he finally became a great scholar!