Target reading method
Target reading method refers to a method of studying hard around the set goals in reading. In the process of reading, if you want to accumulate knowledge and use what you have learned flexibly according to actual needs, the most important thing is to establish the reading goal. Learning with goals is the most beneficial, and accumulation with goals is the most rewarding. In reading, only when you have a goal can you talk about the plan; With a goal, it is clear what to accumulate. Not around the same goal, but lack of internal knowledge, or related knowledge that is too far away from each other is inconvenient to accumulate and difficult to play a role; With a goal, we can judge the value of knowledge. Because the value of knowledge is not only objective, but also has different values for people who are determined to become different target talents. For example, ancient Chinese grammar is of great value to those who study history, Chinese medicine and literature, but much less value to those who study modern chemistry. With a clear goal, we can master more knowledge in a short time. At present, there are many disciplines in the world, and there are about 2000 according to statistics. It is necessary and wise to determine the national standard and choose the main direction. How to determine: first, we should consider the needs of society; The second is to be consistent with your own interests; The third is based on objective conditions and possibilities. Unrealistically choose goals, shift goals from time to time, and be eager to achieve a wide range of goals. , have not really implemented the target reading method, and will never receive the ideal effect. Xi Chunnian, the author of Learn from the Sea and Explore the Pearl, said: "You need a little self-knowledge to set your goals. Forever amber', once looked at the sea, thought highly of itself and put forward some unrealistic demands, which could only be in vain and eventually became a cake; People with low self-esteem' can't be a giant if they are born without catching dragons', lack self-confidence, go with the flow, set their goals very low, and can't achieve anything big. We should choose the most promising road like the famous popular science writer Asimov. "
Reading method combining reading with thinking
In the process of reading, the method of combining reading and thinking from beginning to end is called reading with thinking. There are three specific steps: (1) read the contents of the directory. To read a book, first browse the contents of the book and remember the chapter titles. Then outline the structure of the book according to the title, imagine the content of the book, compare it with what you imagined when reading, and think about the similarities and differences between yourself and the author of the book. (2) active reading and reflection. Correct reading refers to correctly understanding the original intention of the book, seeking truth from facts, not exaggerating the author's thoughts and not belittling the author's views. Reflection is to put forward opinions and arguments that are contrary to the author and conduct opposite arguments. After repeated discussions with the author of the book in my mind, I asked a few more questions and finally decided to choose. In this way, it is possible to absorb the author's point of view without blindly following it. It is reasonable to abandon the author's point of view and put forward his own point of view. (3) After reading the complete book, I will compare my views with those in the book, think about it, or be persuaded, or ask questions and make corrections. This is a correct reading method, suitable for reading scientific theory books. Many scientists and thinkers have adopted this reading method. For example, Wang Chong, a famous thinker in Han Dynasty, adopted this reading method and wrote Kong Wen and Ci Meng on this basis.
read aloud
Reading aloud is a reading method put forward by ancient scholars in China. Sima Guang, a scholar in Song Dynasty, emphasized this reading method very much. He said: "A book must be recited, otherwise when you wake up immediately or in the middle of the night, you will get more from reciting its text and seeing its meaning." Reading aloud is also called reading aloud now, that is, when reading aloud, you observe the text with your eyes, read its sound with your mouth, listen to its sound with your ears, and think about its meaning with your brain. It can be seen that this is a reading method in which the eyes, mouth, ears and brain are mobilized.
The advantage of reading aloud is impressive and helps to understand and deepen memory. By reading aloud the books you have read, you can generally keep them in your memory for a long time, even for life, and benefit endlessly. Sima Guang used this reading method and gained a lot from reading. The reason why he became a famous historian in ancient China and wrote "Learning from the Same Resources as a Mirror" is inseparable from his reading method. The disadvantage of this reading method is that it is too slow and reads less. If you read a book of 200 million words in this way, you can't finish it anyway. At the same time, this method interferes with others' reading too much and is not suitable for use in reading rooms. Recitation has a narrow scope of application, which is most suitable for literary books such as poems and songs and extremely profound theoretical books. There is no need to read other books. For books for daily use, it is best to use reading method.
"visiting" reading method
Reading in and out is a method put forward by Chen Shan, a scholar in Song Dynasty. He said: "You should know how to get in and out when reading. Ask for it at first, ask for it at the end and be kind. This is calligraphy; That's great. It's calligraphy. I can't get into the book, I don't know the intentions of the ancients; If you can't publish a book, you will die under the words, but you know what is the best way to read. " In-and-out reading method is also called living reading method. Its basic requirement is that you can read in and out. The so-called reading is to fully understand the book you read and accurately grasp the viewpoints, ideas, structure, style and so on in the book. The so-called reading is to apply what you have learned to practice. On the one hand, you should solve practical problems, on the other hand, you should use practice to test what you have learned, and don't be bound by books. Reading in is the premise of reading out. You can't read it unless you read it. If you can't read it, you can't read it. Of course, it doesn't matter if there is no income or theory. Reading in and reading out is a dialectical reading method, which organically combines learning with use. All innovative scientists have used this reading method. This reading method is widely used and suitable for reading all books.
Assimilation reading method
In the process of reading, carefully understand the ideological content in the book, ponder it over and over again, and slowly digest and absorb it into your own thoughts. This method is called assimilation reading. The advantage of assimilation reading method is that it can digest and absorb the knowledge in the book, especially the essence, remember it firmly, use it quickly, and even benefit for life. Macaulay once said that it is better to digest a page than to finish a book in a hurry. Zhu, a thinker in Song Dynasty, attached great importance to assimilation reading. He said: "in order to study, you must be patient and understand carefully, and you can't be careless." He explained the advantages and importance of the assimilation reading method thoroughly: "When it doesn't make sense, it's like there are many heavy things wrapped in it, and you can't see it." I want to go to see another one today, and go to see another one tomorrow. You can't see the meat until you peel it off. Go to the meat and see the bones; Boning to see the marrow. "Assimilation is actually a kind of intensive reading. The disadvantage of assimilation reading method is its narrow scope of application. There is no need to use the assimilation reading method in general books. Only those famous books that have significantly influenced and changed the world are worth using assimilation reading method. For example, when reading Copernicus's On the Operation of Celestial Bodies, Darwin's On the Origin of Species, Marx's Das Kapital and Patriotic Stein's Theory of Relativity, we need to use the assimilation reading method.
Scanning reading method
Scanning is a reading method belonging to speed reading. When reading, people's eyes don't read word by word, but look at a "word group" composed of several words at a time, and the law is "stare-jump-stare". To improve the reading speed and achieve the effect of radar scanning, we can shorten the time of each "gaze", and read as many words as possible through recognition and reflection when staring. Of course, this needs to be achieved through exercise. Different people have different reading purposes and different reading methods. When reading a poem, you need to savor it carefully. Managers should try to skip irrelevant content and look for "keywords". Generally speaking, the "keywords" in the text are nouns and verbs. As long as you identify the "keywords", you can understand the general content. This "scanning reading method" is the fastest reading method.
Reading method of examining questions
Reading by examining titles refers to a reading method that strengthens the concept of titles and thoroughly understands the spirit of titles in reading, so as to read the whole book well. There are always headlines in articles, and there are many subheadings under the headlines of many articles. Each subheading plays the role of prompting and summarizing its content, and also reveals the theme of the article and raises thought-provoking questions. Therefore, the method of examining questions can be used in reading. First of all, analyze the topic, point out what scope, reveal what theme and draw what conclusion. It is best to conceive an article-like outline according to the topic, according to your own thinking logic and material accumulation. On the premise of strengthening the concept of title, the learning intention is highly concentrated. In the process of reading, you will consciously analyze what questions are raised, what ideas and concepts are clarified, whether the imported materials and evidence are appropriate and accurate, whether they can serve the theme, what problems are finally solved, and what opinions and conclusions are drawn. After reading the article with the title, you will have a clear understanding of the full text, thus gaining knowledge, being inspired and causing thinking. Because the idea of understanding the topic runs through the whole process of reading, you can consciously analyze the function of each paragraph in the article and learn the composition method of other people's pages. Of course, you can also find out whether the author goes deep into the essence of the problem, whether he deviates from the topic and theme, and so on.
Step by step reading method
Progressive reading method has the following two meanings: first, it refers to reading elementary and basic books first, and then reading advanced and professional books. According to the order of scientific development, it is like climbing a mountain, and it is necessary to climb up step by step. In the education of various schools, students are arranged to study in accordance with the principle of step by step. For example, you must study elementary mathematics before you can study advanced mathematics. If you don't know math and logic first, you can't read mathematical logic. Liang Zhangju in Qing Dynasty attached great importance to this step-by-step reading method. He said: "Reading should be gradual, and four books are not as good as one. In the past, Zhu's quotations said that Lu Donglai was clever, but he was not careful in reading arts and sciences. Like him, he studied history first, so he was careless. Fools say that history should be read in its order. If you want to test people, you should first read Historical Records and Hanshu II, and grasp them from ancient times to the present. If you want to know the changes of the world and study current events, you must first read the history of the Song and Ming Dynasties, from near to far. In fact, Historical Records and Han Shu are the basis of historiography and must be read urgently. " Although Liang Zhangju is talking about reading history here, it is also fully applicable to reading other scientific books. The second is to read the book step by step in strict accordance with the system of the book, and you can't jump at will, let alone just look at the middle part. Don't look behind unless you know the front. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu once said: "The method of reading is gradual, and practice makes perfect." "If you don't get ahead, you dare not pursue it. If you don't get through this level, you won't dare to make up your mind. " In other words, step by step, slowly but surely. Step-by-step reading is a very important method, and any reader must abide by it. In this sense, it can be said that gradual progress is the fundamental law in the process of reading. Whoever violates this law can't read a good book.
Rough reading and intensive reading
Rough reading and intensive reading are two diametrically opposite reading methods. Rough reading, also known as browsing and extensive reading, refers to reading the book through at a very fast reading speed, so as to have a general understanding of the content of the book, know the general outline, and grasp what problems are discussed in each chapter. It's like watching an exhibition. First, look at the exhibits in general and have a general concept, but don't look at every part of the exhibits carefully. Intensive reading, also known as intensive reading and reading, refers to studying the contents of the book at a normal or extremely slow reading speed, so as to have a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the contents of the book, master every argument, argument and argument in detail, and clearly outline the structure or plot of the book. This is the same as watching an exhibition. We should watch every part of the exhibit carefully and understand its nature, structure and use. Some books can be read roughly, but some books must be read intensively after rough reading. In this sense, rough reading and intensive reading are interrelated. Dietzgen, a German worker philosopher, said when introducing his reading method: "When I read a book about a topic I don't understand, the method I use is to get the superficial view of the topic first, browse many pages and chapters first, and then read it again from the beginning in order to obtain accurate knowledge." Of course, you can also do rough reading based on intensive reading. At this time, the rough reading is no longer to understand the outline of the book, but to grasp the author's structure, plot, system and method of use as a whole. In a letter to Engels in June1858+1October 14, Marx talked about the benefits of browsing. He said, "I browsed Hegel's Logic again, which helped me a lot in the method of material processing."
Card reading method
Card reading method refers to a reading method of mastering, storing and using knowledge by recording cards in reading. Scholars in Qing Dynasty attached great importance to reading and making cards. Many people have large data cabinets, just like the medicine cabinets in Chinese medicine shops, which are divided into many small drawers and labeled in different categories. They read books, make cards and put them in different drawers every day. Over time, I read more books and accumulated more cards. Whether studying knowledge or writing a paper, the knowledge I need is ready-made and very convenient. Wang Li, a famous professor, talked about developing the habit of reading and making cards. If you find important materials, viewpoints and meaningful problems in reading, you should extract or copy them in time and make them into cards for classification and preservation, which can avoid forgetting and is very beneficial to your future study and work. Some comrades don't have this habit. They read it yesterday and forgot it today. They read it today and forget it tomorrow. Reading like this will be empty all your life. Xiao Bing, a famous scholar, said that copying and accumulating cards are the basic forms and cells of my academic life. My book and my card together constitute the proof, foundation, motivation and hope of my existence. My micro analysis, macro summary and so on are all based on these.
Note reading method
Note reading refers to a reading method of taking notes while reading. Many university scholars attach importance to writing reading notes when reading, and regard it as an important way to evaluate the ideological achievements of predecessors, temper their intelligence and express their thoughts. Lenin, a proletarian revolutionary tutor, attached great importance to writing reading notes when reading. His wife, Tina? Kang? Krupskaya recalled: "ilych wrote down detailed reading notes for all the books he read. In his own words, he wrote down some basic ideas of the author in his notebook, or wrote down some of the most important places in the book. " Revolutionary Laffargue said that Marx had a habit of rereading his notebook at regular intervals and marking places in the book to enhance his agile and accurate memory. Reading the secretary's notes, although silly, is very effective in strengthening memory and is of great help to exercise the ability of thinking organization and writing expression. Intensive reading and note-taking, especially abbreviated notes, means simply repeating the contents of the book in your own language through your own understanding, and you can also find out the author's research and narrative methods and learn from the author's research methods. In short, reading, supplemented by writing, can make people think, try to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study, and make the knowledge they read play its role as much as possible. There are many kinds of reading notes, such as summary notes, reading essays and special notes. Comparatively speaking, which form is better depends on the theoretical level of reading itself and the specific purpose of writing notes, but no matter which form is adopted, there are several problems to be overcome. The experience of some celebrities has given a good answer. For example, Jiang Xuemo, a famous economist, thinks that notes should be simple and uncomplicated, just write down basic ideas and logic. Krupskaya, a Soviet educator, thought that it was best to take notes according to his own memory, then compare them with the original text, and then write down the exact original text according to his memory. This can improve the skills of accurately conveying others' opinions; British scholar Robert? Ballas suggested that when taking reading notes, you should first determine what information you need, and then find out the relevant contents in books and articles, and link the information and opinions you read with what you have seen and heard, but you don't have to copy from books in large chunks, because books can still be consulted after all.
Comparative comparison method
Contrastive comparison refers to a method of using associative contrast to deepen learning and understanding in reading. If you want to study life, you must cultivate the habit of being good at comparison. Only by comparison can we see the difference, and by comparison can we see the advantages and disadvantages. If you study a problem, you should look for books of the same kind related to it and read Tracy's. Because of the different experience levels of the authors, the arguments and arguments used in discussing the same issue are often different. Some books are well written, some books are rich in materials, some books are theoretical, and some books are illustrated. Through comparison, we can find similarities and differences, further discuss what is reasonable and what is unfounded from the differences, and then put forward our own conclusions. The famous writer Bjor's reading method is "comparative screening, reading and writing combination". He insisted on improving the reading effect from "comparison" and "screening out" what he needed. He compares famous works with general works to see where the "name" of famous works is; Compare famous books with famous books and find out their own characteristics; Compare the works of great writers before and after, and summarize the law of their artistic maturity. In reading, we can brainstorm, inspire us to think from different angles, avoid one-sidedness, improve our ability to distinguish right from wrong and deepen our understanding of the problem. For example, in Lu Xun's novel "Kong Yiji", Kong Yiji described the action of paying for wine twice, first "pai" and then "touching", but the word difference reflected the self-esteem and tragic state of the old intellectuals, which further strengthened people's understanding of the theme of the article.
Group mutual benefit law
Group mutual benefit method refers to a reading method of collective learning and mutual communication in reading. People usually think that reading is a person's effort and the most basic method, but it is not the only method. In today's knowledge explosion, a person's knowledge is limited. Taking effective collective activities is the characteristic of our times, which has been proved to be an effective reading method. In the upsurge of learning, many people adopted the "group mutual aid method" and set up groups such as reading group, amateur interest group, foreign language self-study group and special research group. These groups are made up of several people. These people are similar in age and different in knowledge structure, but they all have the same desire to learn and become talents. We get together regularly to exchange reading experience and discuss problems. This kind of reading method, which gives full play to the advantages of the group, is very beneficial to enrich the knowledge, expand the amount of information and extensively dabble in all kinds of books.
Variable speed reading method
When reading, the method of reading different parts of a book at different speeds is called variable speed reading. Any wooden book has opinions and materials, including main parts and non-main parts. For a reader, any book is divided into "knowledge" and "non-knowledge", and "key information" and "general information" are different. Therefore, you need to read different parts at different speeds. For ideas, main parts, "informative" and "key information", as well as difficult and wonderful parts, it is necessary to read intensively at a slow speed, read back and forth, and experience repeatedly, so it is necessary to stay longer. Emerson said: "When reading, I would like to stay in front of every beautiful thought, just as I stay in front of every truth." For materials, non-main parts, "non-information" and "general information", you can read them roughly, be clear at a glance, or even skim them. If you also read these mediocre parts intensively, it is a waste of time. Variable speed method is a scientific reading method. Its advantage is that it organically combines rough reading with intensive reading, which not only broadens the reading horizon, but also grasps the essence of the book; Pay equal attention to quantity and quality. Many scholars and thinkers use this variable speed method to study. When reading Hegel's philosophical works, Marx, Engels and Lenin repeatedly read and carefully studied the essence of Hegel's works, that is, the reasonable core of dialectical method, while the dross part of the book, that is, the idealism part, browsed at a fast speed.
"Time effect" reading method
The "time effect" reading method, also called "every once in a while" reading method, refers to the method of reading a new book every once in a while. After reading a book, leave it for a period of time, or months or years, and read it again, and you will have a new understanding and experience. This is because in the critical period, rich experience, increased knowledge and improved understanding ability are pregnant with the undercurrent of thinking and unrestrained; Or because reading from different needs and angles expands the three-dimensional face of thinking. With this reading method, you have to take reading notes every time. The "time effect" reading method is a scientific method. Its advantage lies in that through this method, the treasure of truth can be continuously excavated from books with profound thoughts, profound tastes and exquisite art. Therefore, many scholars in ancient China attached great importance to this method. Su Shi's poem says, "You can't get tired of reading old books. You should be familiar with them and think deeply about yourself." Confucius repeatedly read Zhouyi all his life. Marx reread the books he had read every few years, also using the "time effect" reading method. This reading method is only suitable for world famous books, not ordinary books.
Tracking reading method
Tracking reading refers to a reading method of constantly tracking problems in reading. The problem is often the golden key to open the door of books, the step to pursue truth, and the road sign to explore and forge ahead. If you don't follow the questions in reading, your mind will not be able to grasp the set goals and it will be difficult to achieve results in your study. As the saying goes, "those who can't read can look at the skin, and those who can read can grasp the topic." The basic steps of the follow-up reading method are as follows: First, follow the "topic" to read. That is, guided by the problems to be solved in the book, we should promote reading step by step and grasp the essence of the book as a whole. The second is to find the "topic". That is to say, in view of the problems in daily study and work, especially the new problems in various fields, we should consult our counterparts in time until we get satisfactory answers, so as to update our knowledge at any time. The third is to find a "topic" reference. That is to say, asking questions mainly from a book and then reading with reference to similar and related books is conducive to eclecticism, abandoning prejudice and fallacies in the book and gradually forming the advantage of accumulating knowledge. The fourth is to discuss the topic of "holding" in depth. This is the highest-level reading method to track down problems, that is, to grasp the problems, conduct in-depth exploration and investigation, and let you break into the door of creation as soon as possible.
Query reading method
Query reading refers to a reading method that advocates asking more questions in reading. Learning, learning, learning without asking, learning can't. Learning and questioning have been related since ancient times. How to ask and what to ask is also the art of reading. Mr Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, wrote a poem called Eight Questions. The poem says, "I have eight good friends who are willing to guide me in everything." If you want to ask your real name, what are the surnames with different names: what, why, who, what, when, where, where to go, like brother and like brother. There is also a western school whose name is called geometry in reverse. If you ask the Eight Sages for advice, you can't go wrong. "This provides a good clue for us how to set questions. Each book can ask eight questions, or just a few of them. The key is what book to read, why to read this book, ask all the questions and understand them widely; If you ask questions intensively and understand them deeply, these eight consultants are like eight consultants, that is, they advocate not following blindly, not deceiving themselves, not pretending to understand, not being unwilling, and leaving nothing behind for the important knowledge they have learned, thus forming a raw food for mastering knowledge. You should ask a few more questions until you understand it, so as to cultivate a virtue of "studious and enterprising, not ashamed to ask questions"
Three times reading method
Three-time reading method refers to a reading method in which the reading is hierarchical and focused, and the book is read at least three times. For three times, it can be understood as three steps. Many modern experts and scholars advocate the three-time reading method. Mao Dun, a master of modern literature, believes that the first time is a "overlooking" style, that is, reading quickly as a whole, so that the outline of the article is printed in your mind; The second time is "intensive reading", that is, careful taste word by word, and some key points have to be tried again and again; The third time is "digestion", that is, the spirit of the whole work is thoroughly understood, and the emotional infection is transferred to the intellectual touch. Modern writer Wang made another division of labor in his three readings. The first time I entered the article, I felt incisively and vividly; The second time is "disassembling eight parts", that is, studying the performance of each part and understanding the relationship between them; The third time is to browse again and get a three-dimensional, thorough and complete impression. Professor Su, a famous scholar, also thinks that the first time is to read the outline, the second time is to deepen the experience, and the third time is to really digest it. Reading it three times is actually reading it many times step by step. There is an old saying in China that "review the past and learn the new" and "read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will show itself", which means that you have to read more books to understand and gain more.
Three-question reading method
Three-question reading method refers to a reading method with questions and in-depth learning at different levels. Asking is a scholar's basic skill. As the saying goes, ask questions in the end. By asking questions, you can spur your brain, study hard, achieve mastery through a comprehensive study and gain more. Yu Guangyuan, a famous economist, said, Why is the question mark written as a hook? This hook is mainly a hook answer. The more question marks, the more answers. The so-called three questions, that is, one should ask what to write; Second, ask how to write; The third is to ask why. For example, if you read Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman, you should first clearly write about the people who woke up on the eve of the May 4th Movement, and expose the tragic fact that "people eat people" in feudal society, so as to lash out at the decadent traditions and traditional evils in feudal society. The second question is that the theme of the book is mainly expressed through the confession of a psychopath. He stripped off the disguise of "benevolence, righteousness and morality" and accused such cruel crimes as "changing children for food", "eating meat and lying on the skin" and "cutting shares for relatives", pointedly pointing out that the history of China for thousands of years is a history of eating people; Three questions learned that in the dark society at that time, Lu Xun used sharp brushstrokes, detailed descriptions and thrilling examples, mainly to reveal the essence of feudal society in China, so as to alert and cure the numb people. Obviously, the process of "three questions" is a gradual process from content to theme, from form to skill, from shallow to deep, which conforms to the cognitive law of reading and is the basic method of reading articles or literary works.
Hanging reading method
Hanging reading method is a reading method that depends on suspense guessing in reading. The author who writes Zhang Hui's novels often sells a "lock" at a certain point: "If you want to know what will happen next time, listen to the next time", and suddenly stop, giving people suspense. A good reader, after reading this, will not rush to read the following, but hide the book and think: how will the plot develop? What will I do if I write? After such suspense and speculation, no matter what you think or measure is right or wrong, it will be beneficial to expand and continue reading. When the author is similar to what he thinks, there is a sigh of "great minds think alike"; When the author disagrees with his own ideas, he will naturally weigh the gains and losses and find the gap; When the author, as he expected, opens up a new world in a different way, you will be amazed. Therefore, if you can deliberately set a "imprisonment" for yourself when reading, stop at the critical joints, think back and forth, and then stop and think again, isn't this also a desirable reading method, a reading method with righteousness as the suspension?
Query reading method
Query reading method refers to a reading method of constantly asking questions and solving problems in reading. Questioning is to ask questions that you don't understand on the basis of mastering the main contents of the book, and find out the correct answers through thinking, consulting materials and consulting teachers, thus broadening and deepening your horizons. Zhu, a philosopher in the Song Dynasty, believed that "those who have doubts must be taught" and "those who have doubts must be taught". He thinks there should be a "beginning of doubt". Doubt is usually the difficulty or key point in the book, and it is also the attractive threshold to the next level. People who are good at reading are often quick-thinking, open-minded, thinking more and asking more questions, and going deep into them to achieve the purpose of getting rid of the rough and the essence, and getting rid of the false and keeping the true. The so-called "small doubts and small progress, big doubts and great progress" is also the same. Whether reading is doubtful or not is also a test of whether readers really benefit from opening books. That fleeting reading is purely a pastime and naturally qualitative. The process of reading is the process of "questioning-solving doubts". Advocating reading questioning means letting doubts come in and out, so the process of questioning is not only the process of asking questions, but also the process of solving problems. Clear away the doubts of reading, and have a plenty of insight into the mystery of the book after repeated thinking, "knowing that it is not up to date"; There are also those who have been repeatedly sorted out and checked by many parties to eliminate defects and correct mistakes. Learning from the research method of "learning needs to be suspicious" aims to break free from the shackles of other people's thoughts, be brave in innovation and forge ahead. Whoever is good at questioning can master the initiative of reading.
Transcription reading method
Copying reading method refers to copying books while reading, so as to deepen understanding and strengthen memory. In ancient China, there was a saying that "it is better to read it ten times than by hand". Copying reading is a traditional reading method in China. When Su Dongpo, a great writer, read Hanshu, he copied this famous book three times. After reading Zi, the great scholars in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties not only asked themselves to finish it, but also copied it word for word. Zhang Pu, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, loved reading. Every book he read had to be copied six or seven times, so his study was named "Seven Records Study". Liang Qichao, a famous scholar, said, "You ask me how to read, and I want to record it for you. What can I do? " ? Is to copy books or notes. .. this kind of work is stupid and bitter, but people who really study can't walk out of this road. "Copying books is obviously a learning method. Other scholars have also talked about the specific experience of copying, which can be used as another explanation of Liang Qichao's exposition: "Because I copied it by hand, I was more focused at that time, which made me unforgettable, completely different from ordinary browsers. "Of course, times have changed, and the number of books published today is amazing. It is impossible and unnecessary to copy them frequently. Ordinary books can be browsed and widely read, but classic works, important papers, well-known poems and songs, and amazing ancient and modern masterpieces are still worth reading. Copying is not necessarily copying, otherwise how many books can be copied in this life! You can take the method of extracting, choose from the full text, and deepen your understanding in the selection, which is of great benefit to those wise and pithy aphorisms philosophers. Extract and sort out, read it at ordinary times and study the knowledge. If you want to extract correctly and copy profitably, you must understand, penetrate and absorb the knowledge you have learned, so as to take its essence, integrate and improve reading efficiency.