Appreciation of Eight Famous Paintings in Autumn in Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty

During the development of China's painting in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, not only various styles and schools became mature, but also various painting theories became perfect. Mature painting style needs perfect theoretical guidance. Among the painting theories in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Dong Qichang's theory that painting is divided into North and South schools is the most influential. The theory that Dong Qichang's paintings are divided into North and South schools has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In fact, he is advocating "literati painting" and combing the two styles of China's painting. He readjusted the style of French literati painting in literati painting, which made it develop to a higher stage. However, his theory of "respecting the south and restraining the north" is somewhat biased.

Paying attention to pen and ink is the inherent requirement of literati painting. The pen and ink of literati painters not only pay attention to modeling means, but also pay attention to the inherent aesthetic value of pen and ink. Calligraphy pen has been widely used for reference by literati paintings, and it is also the knowledge of literati painters to absorb the essence from calligraphy. In view of this situation, Dong Qichang put forward: "Scholars should paint in cursive script, trees are like curved iron, mountains are like painted sand, which is the way to get rid of sweetness and vulgarity for morale." Dong Qichang put forward the idea of painting with books, and at the same time put forward more inherent requirements for calligraphy pens used in painting, so as to ensure that the pen and ink in painting are more pure and not superficial.

Dong Qichang's landscape paintings originated from Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan,, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan, Dong Yuan. Painting in an orderly way, distinct levels, in the simple and clear to seek rich changes. The trunk is mostly marked with pale and hairy thirsty pens, and then written with various "miscellaneous points", emphasizing the independence of each pen, with a strong sense of order, and focusing on the gradual change of ink color from thick to light, which is "deep and distant". Dong Qichang pays attention to the change of brushwork of starting, pressing, stopping and falling, which reflects the Zen meaning of "plain and naive" in his pen and ink. Dong Qichang advocates that calligraphy and painting should be the same, pay attention to verve, advocate character, express emotion subjectively, and pursue similarities and differences. He is good at summarizing the structure and technical characteristics of the ancients, making the picture more regular in terms of density, light and shade, opening and closing, reality and so on. He is rich in Wen Ya, peaceful and pleasant, and has a quiet and natural literati thought in his childlike simplicity.

Eight Scenes of Autumn was written in the forty-eighth year of Wanli, when the author was 66 years old and was boating at Wumen and Jingkou. The picture album includes Luo, Zhang, Zheng and so on. Inside the cover, there is a portrait of Dong Qichang painted by Mingzeng Whale, supplemented by Xiang Shengmo. The book is engraved with Dong Qichang's running script and official seal, but it is not stamped. The pictures all have Wu Rongguang's antithesis or rhyme. After the painting, there are inscriptions by Xie Qing, Heezen and others. This album is self-annotated with "Imitation of Wen Min's (Zhao Meng's) pen", which has a special charm of making the past serve the present. Graceful and elegant painting style has turned into quiet and simple painting style, which embodies the unique dullness, fluency, elegance and elegance of Dong's painting.

There are mountains and rivers in Ming Xiu, grotesque trees and stones, yellow reeds, green linden trees in autumn, sandy rocks in Toby and boats in cottages, all of which are exquisite, magnificent, quiet and cool in late autumn. This painting has exquisite composition, lofty artistic conception and full charm. The brushwork is vigorous, the pen and ink are moist, and the dry pen is rubbed, rendering it into a wonderful, clear and natural. The colors are mainly ochre and cyanine, and some trees and mountains are decorated with azurite, turquoise and cinnabar, which are rich, beautiful, soft and unified, adding the breath of autumn. Eight Scenes in Autumn is a practice of Dong Qichang's so-called "reading thousands of books and traveling Wan Li Road" in order to achieve the goal of "shrinking into a ravine". Under the influence of Dong Qichang, it became an important way of literati painting in the later period.

Each picture has exquisite composition, lofty artistic conception and full charm. Pen and ink combined the strengths of various schools in Song and Yuan Dynasties, forming a painting style of elegance and beauty.