Refers to several poets and writers in the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty. "Three Zhangs" refers to the poet Zhang Zai and his brothers Zhang Xie and Zhang Kang; "Erlu" refers to the writer Lu Ji and his brother Lu Yun; "Two Pans" refers to the writer Pan Yue and his nephew Penny; "Yizuo" refers to the poet Zuo Si . These seven people represent the highest achievements of Taikang literature.
Writers in the Taikang and Yuankang periods of the Western Jin Dynasty: San Zhang (Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie, Zhang Kang), Er Lu (Lu Ji, Lu Yun), Liang Pan (Pan Yue, Pan Ni), Yi Zuo (Zuo Si)
Lu Ji (261-303), courtesy name Shiheng, was a native of Wu County (near present-day Songjiang County, Jiangsu Province). The son of Wu Da Sima Lu Kang, Wu died in Luo and became the most famous writer in the Taikang literary world. His writing style had a profound impact on that time.
The content of Lu Ji's poems is poor, and they are nothing more than the general sentiments of scholar-bureaucrats. However, they strive to pursue vocabulary and parallelism. How can waves just spin? Years go by quickly and powerful arrows come and go, and the long-term future is bright and fast. The long-term and long-lasting hope is full, and the body and wealth are self-sacrificing." It's just that time is fleeting and life is not long-lasting. It has a little meaning, but it is perfunctory and turned into eight pairs of sentences. Another characteristic of Lu Ji's poetry is that he mechanically imitates his predecessors. For example, in Yuefu, Cao and his son "composed their own poems using Yuefu titles", but he followed the old titles and wrote perfunctorily, "following the footsteps of his predecessors and unable to reveal his temperament" (Huang Ziyun, "Yehong Shi"). For example, it imitates Cao Cao's "Bitter Cold Journey", which is far less vivid than the original poem. His twelve "Ancient Poems" are imitations of "Nineteen Ancient Poems". Although they were famous for a while, they are not based on the original poems, but only slightly changed the words and phrases. These characteristics of Lu Ji's poetry made him a representative figure of the formalist poetry style at that time.
Lu Ji has only a few works that are slightly acceptable. For example, "Going to Luo Daozhong to Work":
Traveling far and wide across mountains and rivers, the mountains and rivers are built and wide. The policy of Zhi Chongqiu is promoted, and the bridle of the case is followed by Pingmang. At dusk, I sleep with my shadow in my arms, thinking about the past. I leaned against the Songyan Rock and listened to the sound of the sad wind. The clear dew falls and the brightness shines, and the bright moon shines brightly. Fu Chen couldn't sleep, and he only thought about it when he shook his clothes.
It is not very descriptive, but can vividly describe some of the poet's personal feelings during his long journey to the country. In addition, his poems often have some famous lines, such as what Sun Chuo said, "Lu Wen is like removing sand and making gold, and you can often find treasures" (Shishuoxinyu·Literature).
Although the content of Lu Ji's poems is not deep enough, it has more of his own feelings and experiences, and his achievements are higher than those of poetry. For example, "Ode to the Death" and "Essays on Emperor Wu of the Wei Dynasty" are both written in a sad and moving way. In addition, his "Yan Lian Zhu" has appropriate quotations and neat writing, which shows his proficiency in using parallel characters. "Wen Fu" is a masterpiece of carefully composed essays, which we will describe in the chapter on literary criticism.
Pan Yue (247?-300), courtesy name Anren, was born in Zhongmu, Xingyang (near today's Kaifeng, Henan). During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty, some literati and celebrities flocked to the powerful minister Jia Mi. They had twenty-four friends, "Yue was the leader." When Zhao Wanglun was in power, he was killed by Sun Xiu.
Pan Yue is as famous as Lu Ji and was also a representative figure of the formalist poetic style at that time. Like Lu Ji, his poems lack profound content. One of the characteristics of his artistic expression is the gorgeousness of his words, so Sun Chuo said that "Pan's poems are as beautiful as brocade"; secondly, there are too many narratives, which are often flat, complicated and lack of implicitness. . However, there are sincere feelings in his poems, which are higher than those of Lu Shi, especially his three masterpieces "Poems of Death", one of which goes:
The passing of winter and spring, the sudden change of cold and heat. The son returns to Qiongquan, and the heavy soil will forever separate him from the world. Who can overcome selfish ambitions? What's the benefit of staying in floods? They respect the imperial orders and turn around to rebel against the first army. I look at the house and think about the person, and I think about what I have experienced when I enter the house. There is no trace on the curtain, but there are traces of calligraphy and ink. The fragrance has not yet rested, and the remains are still hanging on the wall. The sadness seems to exist, and the Zhou Dynasty is frightened and wary. Like the bird in the imperial forest, it only roosts in two places once; like the fish swimming in Sichuan, it analyzes the road in the middle of the eye. The spring breeze comes by chance, and in the morning it slips through the eaves. When do you forget to sleep, your worries are accumulating day by day. The cover sometimes fails, but the Zhuang Fou can still be attacked.
The four lines of "curtain screen" describe the feeling of people dying, and the four lines of "spring breeze" describe the feeling of being immersed in sorrow and unaware of the passing of winter and the coming of spring. They are both touching. Later generations also used the title "Mourning for Death" when they wrote poems in memory of their deceased wives, which was influenced by him.
Pan Yue was also "good at writing mournful and lamentable poems".
His "Nostalgic Ode", "Widow Ode", "Sorrow for the Everlasting Death", etc. are all famous for their ability to describe grief. For example, "Essays on the Eternal Death" says: "The past is the same and the present is a different world. Reminiscing about the past brings joy and new sorrow. It is said that the original sun has no banks, and the river has no banks. Looking at the mountains, there are few outlines, and facing the water, there is a lot of sweat. The sky is vast, the city is desolate, and foreign things are changing, and the emotions are changing. "After losing a loved one, he feels that everything around him has become empty and desolate, expressing the tortuous and profound sadness.
Zhang Xie (255?-310?), whose courtesy name was Jingyang. His artistic achievements in poetry are relatively high. In the increasingly elaborate style of poetry at that time, he could not only "spare the style and style, and avoid fatigue", but also "skillfully construct words with similar shapes", and describe the scenery very vividly. The ten "Miscellaneous Poems" are his representative works. They may write about the feeling of cherishing someone in the boudoir, or about the feeling of being homesick for a distant official, or about being sad that one's talents cannot be developed, or lamenting about how difficult the world is, or singing about being poor and keeping one's ambition, or about self-sacrifice and timely efforts. The content is relatively extensive, and The lofty sentiments and the freshness and alertness of the language are all superior to Pan, Lu and others. For example, "The cool wind blows up on the autumn night":
The cool wind blows up on the autumn night, and the clear air is mixed with turbidity. Dragonfly chants under the steps, moths flicker the candle. A gentleman works from afar, while a beautiful woman stays alone. How long has it been since I left home? The drill and the ax suddenly changed into wood. There is no trace of the roof in the house, and the grass in the courtyard is green. Moss clings to the empty walls, and spider webs surround the house. There are many things to feel and cherish, and the heart is filled with deep worries.
The whole poem is a combination of scenes and clear diction, which can well express the characteristics of "the words are beautiful and the phonology is sonorous" ("Poetry"). The four sentences "There are no traces in the house" express the deep thoughts of the missing woman through the description of the scenery. This technique inspired later lyric poets.
Zuo Si, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. The words are too strong. A native of Linzi (now Zibo, Shandong). The year of birth and death is unknown. His family has a long history of Confucianism. When I was young, I studied calligraphy, drums and harp, but failed. Later, due to my father's encouragement, I studied hard and studied hard. Zuo Sima was ugly and slow-spoken, and difficult to socialize with, but his rhetoric was magnificent. He once wrote "Ode to Qidu" in one year (the full text has been lost, and some lost articles can be found in "Shui Jing Zhu" and "Taiping Yulan"). Around the eighth year of Taishi (272), his sister was elected to the palace and his family moved to Luoyang, where he served as Secretary Lang. During the Yuankang period, Zuo Si participated in the tour of the "Twenty-Four Friends", a literary group at that time, and lectured on "Han Shu" for Jia Mi. In the last years of Yuankang, Jia Mi was executed, and Zuo Si retired to Yichunli to concentrate on classics. Later, the King of Qi called him as the Superintendent of the Records Office, but he refused to do so. In the second year of Tai'an (303), Zuo Si moved to Jizhou and died of illness a few years later. There are 5 volumes of old biographies of Zuo Si's works, but only two works and 14 poems have survived today. The poems "Sandu Fu" and "Ode to History" are his representative works. Zuo Si's works are included in "The Poems of the Three Ancient Dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties" compiled by Yan Kejun and "Poems of the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" compiled by Lu Qinli.