When you study another work of a writer, you must contact his previous works and try to make his life and content clear and clear.
For example, to learn Liu Zongyuan's The Snake Catcher's Story, we should first have a deep understanding of Liu Zongyuan's life and works, then contact the specific references of seven other eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, then contact what we have learned and said (the author and the theme of the work), and finally contact the stylistic knowledge. Knowing that "Shuo" is a style is an allegorical article ... in this way, the more you learn, the more you connect with literary common sense, the more familiar you become.
2. Point-to-surface method.
Whether it is the People's Education Edition or the provincial textbooks, the number of selected masterpieces is relatively large. We can take the works of a famous writer as a "point", and then expand from this "point" to this "face" of all the works selected by this famous writer in junior high school textbooks.
For example, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi in ancient times. Modern ones such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and contradiction. Foreign countries such as Gorky, Mo Bosang and Buffon. Summarize the works of these writers one by one, make clear the style, understand the writing time and background, and master the characters and writing techniques in the works.
For example, Lu Xun's works include Kite, Chang, From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Mr. Fujino, Snow, Hometown, Kong Yiji and so on. First of all, we must grasp the "points" of Lu Xun's life, and then know his anthology, the naming method of each anthology, which anthology this work comes from, what genre it is, who are the main characters in the work, and what methods are used to portray the characters and express the theme.
In this way, the memory from point to surface is more convenient and the efficiency is much higher than that of scattered memory.
3. Vertical expansion method.
It is to sort out and remember literary common sense from a vertical perspective. For example, take the history of literature as the line, from pre-Qin and Han dynasties to Wei, Jin, Tang and Song dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, modern times, modern times and contemporary times, and sort them out step by step.
If we take the history of stylistic development as the line and start with the Book of Songs, we will sort out the pre-Qin philosophers and historical prose, Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song ci, Yuanqu and Ming and Qing novels. Then it classifies the important writers, works, styles and techniques in each period of this "line".
I combed the common sense of literature, just like a string of candied haws with concave and convex shapes and attractive colors, with distinct "stripes" and "blocks". There are vertical lines to follow when you recite, and the contents of the unfolded horizontal lines are also clear at a glance.
4. Horizontal comparison method.
It is to collect literary common sense of the same attribute, find out their similarities and differences, and combine them according to their similarities and differences, so as to achieve the gathering of "literature". For example, this method can be used to name the poems of some ancient writers. You can arrange the combination as follows:
The collections named after official positions are: Du Gongbu Collection. ...
Named after himself: The Complete Works of Su Dongpo …
Named after the study: Seven Records of Zhai Ji …
Named after the emperor's title: Jia ...
Extended data:
ancient Chinese literature
(A), pre-Qin literature
1, ancient myth
Famous ancient myths in China include: Goddess mending the sky, Houyi shooting at the sun, Jingwei filling the sea, (Pangu) creating the world, Huangdi fighting in seclusion, Liu An's Huai Nan Zi and so on.
2. Pre-Qin prose
A the Confucian classics "Four Books" refer to The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean.
The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing, Chunqiu and Six Classics, also known as Six Arts (Yue).
B, historical prose. Zuozhuan (Chronological Style), Warring States Policy (National Style) and Guoyu (National Style).
Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period, Zuo Zhuan, Gu Liang Zhuan and Ram Zhuan
C, a hundred schools of thought contend famous prose is:
(1) Lao zi, Li Er, the word forever (dān), the founder of the Taoist school, the author of the Tao Te Ching.
(2) Kong Qiu, Zhong Ni. He is the founder of Confucianism, and The Analects of Confucius is a book for Confucius disciples to record the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. ("Saving the World" and "Congratulations")
(3) Mozi Zhai (dí), the founder of Mohism. Mozi 53 articles.
(4) Mencius name, word Yu Zi. The successor of Confucian school. Mencius is a book in which Mencius students record Mencius' words and deeds. The more help you get from the Tao, the less help you get from the Tao. ) Born in sorrow, died in happiness. )
⑤ Zhuangzi, named Zhou, wrote Zhuangzi by Taoism during the Warring States Period. ("My Skillful Hands Help Cattle")
⑥ Xunzi, a Confucian in the Warring States Period, wrote 32 articles of Xunzi. ("Persuade to Learn")
All landowners Han Feizi, legalist. Everything is wrong. Bian Que meets Cai Huangong and Wu Zhu, and Naoko suspects his neighbor. )
⑧ Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is a collective creation of Prime Minister Qin and his disciples. ("Check in")
Pet-name ruby Reese's masterpiece is the prose "Persuade and expel guests".
3. Pre-Qin poetry
A. the book of songs The Book of Songs is China's first poetry collection, with 305 poems in total. It is divided into three categories: wind, elegance and praise. Wind is a folk song, elegance is a music song, and ode is a sacrifice song. The performance of The Book of Songs is Bi Xing Fu. "Bi" is a metaphor, which is compared with other things. "Xing" says something else first to arouse the words to be sung, and "Fu" goes straight.
B, "Chu ci". Liu Xiang, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, edited the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book, and named it Chu Ci. Qu Yuan (before 340? -Top 277? Ping Ming, a great patriotic poet in China, was a leftist in Chu State, such as Dr. San Lv. His representative works include Li Sao, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters.
(B) Literature of the Han Dynasty
A. Prose of Han Dynasty
(1) Jia Yi, known as Jia Sheng. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. The author of the ten-volume New Book. "On Qin" and "On Accumulation and Sparse Storage" are his representative works.
② Sima Qian, with a long word, was a great historian and writer. The book "Historical Records" pioneered the "biographical style", which is divided into biographies, aristocratic families, biographies, famous watches and books. Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "A historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme".
(3) Ban Gu's Hanshu and Liu Xiang's Warring States Policy are both famous in history.
B, Yuefu folk songs and Fu.
1, Yuefu folk songs: music, folk music; Government, government. Yuefu was originally a poem collected by the music authorities in the Han Dynasty. Southeast Fly the Peacocks; The Peacock Flies Southeast
2. Fu is a synthesis of China's ancient poetry and prose.
Sima Xiangru's son Xu Fu and Shang Fulin. Jia Yi's ode to Qu Yuan is very famous.
(3) Literature of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
A. Poetry and Prose in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
(1) "Three Caos" and "Three Caos" are Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea, Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing, Cao Zhi's Mingdu, White Horse and Luo Shenfu are all famous.
② Seven sons of Jian 'an refer to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu (y incarnation), Angelababy (yáng) and Serina Liu. Wang Shen's seven-wound poem is his highest achievement.
(3) "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" refers to seven authors such as Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Xiang Embroidery.
(4) Tao Yuanming, whose real name is Qian and whose word is Ming, is known as Mr. Jingjie. Peach Blossom Garden, returning home, returning to the garden and drinking are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
⑤ Besides, Zhuge Liang's Model, Ye Fan's History of the Later Han Dynasty, Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics all go down in history.
B. novels of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. (the development period of the novel)
(1) Mysterious novels are represented by Gan Bao's Search for Ji Shen. Mo Xie.
② Anecdotal novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Zhou Chu.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Literature Common Sense