The solstice of winter is a grand festival, and the solstice of winter is called winter in the south, which is a grand festival. Still call it? By age? Second only to New Year's Day (that is, today's Spring Festival). What does the winter solstice mean? When is the solstice in winter? Come and have a look with me!
What does the solstice mean in winter?
The winter solstice is a very important solar term, and it is also a traditional festival in China's lunar calendar. Up to now, there are still many places where the winter solstice festival is held. Commonly known as the winter solstice? Winter Festival? 、? Eager for the festival? 、? By age? Wait a minute. As early as 2500 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period, China had determined the winter solstice by observing the sun through the soil return, which was the earliest of the 24 solar terms. The time is between February 22nd and 23rd of Gregorian calendar 12.
The winter solstice is the year with the shortest day and the longest night in the northern hemisphere. After the solstice in winter, the days will get longer day by day. The ancients said to the winter solstice: when the cathode arrives, the sun begins to grow, the sun goes south, the day is short and the shadow is long, so? Winter solstice? . After the solstice of winter, the climate everywhere has entered the coldest stage, which is what people often say? Into nine? , our country folk have? It's cold on March 9, and it's hot in three volts? Statement.
According to modern astronomical science, the sun shines directly on the tropic of Capricorn from the winter solstice, and the sun is most inclined to the northern hemisphere. The northern hemisphere has the shortest day and the longest night. After this day, the sun gradually moved to the north.
The tradition of taking the winter solstice as a festival can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, in order to protect the country and defend the country, there were activities to worship ghosts and gods on this day. In the Han Dynasty, the winter solstice officially became a festival. On this day, the emperor held a suburban festival and the officials had a holiday. The next day, they celebrated in auspicious clothes. This rule has been in use ever since. Wei and Jin celebrated the solstice in winter? Asian-Israeli era? And there are courtiers offering shoes and socks etiquette to the emperor, indicating that they will be blessed and grow up; Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties paid equal attention to the winter solstice and New Year's Day, and officials took a few days off to congratulate them (Records of Hualin Tokyo, Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Imperial Capital, etc.). ). Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, the winter solstice festival was stronger than the New Year's atmosphere, so there were? Fat winter and thin year? Statement. As can be seen from the above, from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, from the official etiquette, what was the winter of the solstice? By age? , even? New year's day? , is by no means empty talk. The main reason is to inherit the tradition of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the first day of November in the lunar calendar is the beginning of a year, because the winter solstice is always around the first day of November.
In ancient China, people attached great importance to the winter solstice and thought it was a grand festival. Is the winter solstice as big as a year? And the custom of celebrating the winter solstice. Han Shu said? The sun is the soul of the winter solstice, and you are a dragon, so congratulations. ? People think that after the winter solstice, the days become longer and longer and the sun rises. This is the beginning of a solar cycle and an auspicious day, which should be celebrated. What is recorded in the Book of Jin? Wei, Jin and winter are celebrated by all peoples and hundreds of people? Its instruments are inferior to those of Zheng Dan. ? Explain the ancient emphasis on the winter solstice.
Now, some places still celebrate the winter solstice as a festival. The northern region has the custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton from winter solstice, while the southern region has the custom of eating glutinous rice balls and long noodles from winter solstice on this day. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions.
Winter solstice legend
1. What used to be in old Beijing? Winter solstice wonton and summer solstice noodles? Statement. According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu in the north often harassed the frontier, and the people were restless. At that time, there were two leaders, Xiongnu tribe and Tun tribe, which were very cruel. People hated it, so they wrapped it in meat and took it away. Hun？ With what? Hush, cry for help? Wonton? . I hate eating, and I want to quell the war and live a peaceful life. Because wonton was originally made on the winter solstice, every family eats wonton on the winter solstice.
Secondly, it is said that the custom of eating dog meat in winter began in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, ate dog meat cooked by Fan Kuai on the solstice in winter, which was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the custom of eating dog meat from winter solstice has been formed among the people. Nowadays, people eat dog meat, mutton and all kinds of nutritious food on the solstice of winter, which is a good sign for the coming year.
Thirdly, there is a custom in Jiangnan water town that the whole family get together to eat red beans and glutinous rice on the night of winter solstice. According to legend, * * * Gong was a troubled wit who died in the winter. Become a plague ghost after death and continue to harm the people. However, this epidemic ghost is most afraid of red beans, so people cook red bean rice from winter solstice to drive away the epidemic ghost and prevent diseases.
Climatic characteristics
Astronomy regards the winter solstice as the beginning of winter, which is obviously late for most parts of China. During the winter solstice, the average temperature in the northwest plateau is generally below 0℃, while it is only about 6℃ to 8℃ in the south. However, in the southwest low-altitude valley area, even in the coldest local165438+ in early October, the average temperature is still above 10℃. It can be said that autumn goes and spring comes, and there is no winter all year round.
folk-custom activities
Ancient commemoration
The winter solstice festival is also called the winter festival and the winter festival. It is not only one of the 24 solar terms, but also a traditional festival of the Han nationality. Is the winter solstice as big as a year? The imperial court and the people have always attached great importance to this statement, and there have been sacrificial activities since the Zhou Dynasty.
"Zhou Lichun off? Shen Shi:? With the arrival of winter, it was given to gods and ghosts. ? The purpose is to pray and eliminate the epidemic in the country and reduce the famine and death of the people.
Etiquette in the later Han Dynasty:? Around the winter solstice, gentlemen live in peace and officials do nothing. ? Still have to choose? Capable people? , advocating sheng, playing? Huang zhong's law? To celebrate.
What is recorded in the Book of Jin? Wei, Jin and winter are celebrated by all peoples and hundreds of people? Its instruments are inferior to those of Zheng Dan. ?
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the solstice of winter and the beginning of a year were both important. Meng Yuanshen's Dream of Tokyo, China in Southern Song Dynasty:? November winter solstice. The capital attaches great importance to this festival. Although it is in the hands of the poor, it is easier to get new clothes, prepare meals and enjoy the ancestors in a year. Officials put down their robots and celebrated the exchange, just like the Chinese New Year. ?
Emperors in Ming and Qing dynasties all had ceremonies to worship heaven. What is this called? Winter solstice suburb? . There was a ceremony in the palace where hundreds of officials congratulated the emperor. They also threw thorns at each other and congratulated each other, just like New Year's Day. However, people do not regard the winter solstice as a festival, but have some timely activities.
Jiujiu Quhan
After entering the ninth year, some literati have been engaged in so-called cold-dispelling activities. Choose one? Nine? Day, met nine people drinking (? Wine? With what? Nine? Homophonic), nine dishes and nine bowls are used on the table, is it for the table? Hua JIU? Seats, in order to get rid of the cold. It is also popular among the people to fill in 99-99 pictures to cool off the cold. 99-99' s cold-eliminating pictures are generally in red calligraphy with double hooks, which is complicated? Do you cherish the spring breeze in front of the court? Nine words, nine strokes per word, * * eighty-one. From the solstice of winter, fill in one stroke every day and one word every nine years. It was not until the spring of the ninth year that a picture of the ninth year's cold elimination was completed. The color used to fill the daily strokes is determined according to the weather of the day, and the sunny day is red; Yin is blue; Rain is green; The wind is yellow; Snow fell and filled with white.
In addition, there is a photo version of the 99-99 cold elimination map, which is well known to everyone? Yatu? It is to draw nine cold plums on white paper, each with nine flowers, one corresponding to nine, and one corresponding to one day. Every day, a plum blossom will be filled with a specific color according to the weather. Yang Yunfu in Yuan Dynasty recorded in Luanjing Zayong: Try to count the pictures between the windows, and the residual cold disappears and warms up to the original. Plum blossom has no surplus white, and it is currently an apricot plant. ?
1999 The most elegant picture of dispelling cold is a nine-body couplet. Nine words per couplet, nine strokes per word, one couplet every day. What are the words written in couplets? Spring springs hang down spring, while Liu Chun dyes spring scenery? ; Down to Israel? Autumn persimmon is hung in autumn courtyard, and autumn fragrance is sent in autumn? , known as' 99 Cold Spring Festival couplets. However, no matter what kind of "99-99" map, it simply records the weather changes while killing time and entertaining the body and mind. It is said that experienced old people can also infer the rainfall and abundance this year according to the cold elimination map of 1999.
Modern folk custom
Many areas have the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors during the winter solstice, and there are still some places such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and southern Fujian that celebrate the winter solstice.
In addition, people have predicted the future weather according to the weather quality and the arrival order of winter solstice. As the saying goes: the solstice in winter is at the beginning of the month and it is cold at the end of the year; The winter solstice is at the end of the month, and the first month should be cold; The winter solstice is in the middle of the month, and there is no snow or frost? This is based on the arrival of the winter solstice, and it is speculated that the cold current will come sooner or later. As the saying goes: the winter solstice is dark, and the new year's goods are rare; The winter solstice is sparse, and the New Year is black? If there is no sun on the winter solstice, it will be sunny in the New Year, and if there is sun on the winter solstice, it will rain in the New Year.
Traditional diet
The solstice in winter is a good time for health preservation, mainly because? Qi started in the winter? . Because from beginning of winter, life activities began to turn from prosperity to decline, from dynamic to static. At this time, scientific health preservation helps to ensure vigorous energy and prevent premature aging, thus achieving the purpose of prolonging life. During the winter solstice, the diet should be diversified, grains, fruits, meat and vegetables should be reasonably matched, and foods with high calcium should be selected appropriately.
In winter solstice, different places have different customs. There are customs of slaughtering sheep, eating jiaozi and eating wonton in the north. In the south, there is a custom of eating glutinous rice balls and long noodles in winter solstice, while people in southern Jiangsu eat green onions and fried tofu in winter solstice.
Beijing wonton
In old Beijing before? Winter solstice wonton and summer solstice noodles? Statement. According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu in the north often harassed the frontier, and the people were restless. At that time, there were two leaders, Xiongnu tribe and Tun tribe, which were very cruel. People hated it, so they wrapped it in meat and took it away. Hun？ With what? Hush, cry for help? Wonton? . I hate eating, and I want to quell the war and live a peaceful life. Because wonton was originally made on the winter solstice, every household eats wonton on the winter solstice.
Jiaozi reunion
Every year, during the winter solstice of the Lunar New Year, jiaozi is an indispensable holiday feast for both the rich and the poor. As the saying goes:? 1 October1day, when the solstice of winter comes, every family will eat jiaozi. ? Is this custom because of commemoration? Medical sage? Zhang Zhongjing gave up medicine in the winter of solstice. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he served as the magistrate of Changsha, visiting the sick and taking medicine, and practicing medicine in the lobby. Later, he resolutely resigned and went back to his hometown to treat his neighbors. When he got home, it was already winter. He saw that the villagers on both sides of the Baihe River were sallow and emaciated, hungry and cold, and many people's ears were frozen. Let his disciples set up medical sheds and cauldrons in Dongguan and Nanyang instead of the winter solstice? Joule? Treat frostbite. He boiled mutton and some herbs for dispelling cold in a pot, then took out the mutton and herbs, chopped them up and made ears out of bread? Joule? After cooking, give two to everyone who wants medicine? Joule? A big bowl of broth. Did someone eat it? Joule? , drink? Quhan decoction? I have a fever all over, my ears are burning, and my frostbitten ears have been cured. Future generations learn? Joule? Its appearance, wrapped in food, is also called. Jiaozi? Or? Flat food? .
Dog meat mutton
It is said that the custom of eating dog meat on the solstice began in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, ate dog meat cooked by Fan Kuai on the solstice in winter, which was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the custom of eating dog meat from winter solstice has been formed among the people. Nowadays, people eat dog meat, mutton and all kinds of nutritious food on the solstice of winter, which is a good sign for the coming year.
Red beans and rice
In Jiangnan water town, there is a custom that the whole family get together to eat red beans and glutinous rice in the evening from winter to Sunday. According to legend, * * * Gong was a troubled wit who died in the winter. Become a plague ghost after death and continue to harm the people. However, this epidemic ghost is most afraid of red beans, so people cook red bean rice from winter solstice to drive away the epidemic ghost and prevent diseases.
Nuogao, Taiwan Province Province
In Taiwan Province Province, China, the tradition of offering nine-layer cakes to ancestors from winter to the sun is still preserved. Glutinous rice flour is used to knead animals such as chickens, ducks, turtles, pigs, cattle and sheep. , a symbol of good luck, and then put it in a steamer and steam it layer by layer to worship the ancestors to show that they don't forget their ancestors. In the early days of winter solstice or before and after the agreement, people with the same surname and clan gather in the ancestral hall to worship their ancestors one by one in the order of generations, commonly known as? Ancestor worship? . After the ceremony, there will be a grand banquet for the people who come to worship their ancestors. Let's have a good drink and contact each other. What do you call it? Quiet. ? The ancestors of the winter solstice festival are handed down from generation to generation in Taiwan Province province to show that they don't forget their ancestors? Root? . Radish, vegetables, tofu, fungus, etc.
Suzhou Dongniang
Gusu region attaches great importance to the solar term from winter to solstice, and there is a saying in Gusu region:? The solstice in winter is like New Year's Day? . Traditional Gusu people will drink winter wine on the night of winter solstice. Winter wine is a kind of rice wine, which is brewed with sweet-scented osmanthus and has a pleasant aroma. Gusu people will drink winter wine on the night of winter solstice, and at the same time, they will serve all kinds of braised beef and braised mutton. In the cold winter, winter brewing can not only drive away the cold, but also entrust Gusu people with their good wishes for life.
Related poems
The days are short, the troubles are abandoned, the nights are always accompanied by joyful sounds, and the dumplings are warm and cold, which is better than gold and silver.
? Qiao Jinlong's Winter Solstice
The days and personnel change rapidly every day, and then the winter solstice, after the winter solstice, after the weather gets warmer, spring comes back. Embroider five elements with weak lines and blow six tubes of dynamic fly ash. The river bank seems to be waiting for the last month to pass, so that the willows can stick out their branches and take out new buds, and the mountains can break through the cold so that the plum blossoms can bloom. Although I am in a foreign land, the scenery here is no different from my hometown, so let the children pour wine and have a drink.
? Du Fu's Xiao Zhi
I'm a guest all year round, and I'm worried about killing people! Jiang Shang described me as a lonely old man, and the custom of Horizon is self-dating. After the snow, the staff came to Danhe, and the Jade Dynasty came to disperse Chen Zi. My heart is broken at this time, where can I see Sanqin?
? Du Fu's Winter Solstice
Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
? Bai Juyi's Night Thoughts on the Winter Solstice in Handan
Candles, flowers, paper, money and silver, eight kinds of fruits, eight kinds of vegetables and eight treasures. The family held a memorial service in memory of the heroes and martyrs who sacrificed their ancestors.
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