Yan Tao 1
One of the four famous inkstones in China, it is as famous as Guangdong Duanyan, Anhui She Yan and Cheng Ni inkstone. Yan Tao has a history of 1300 years. Produced in Zhuoni Yantao Township, Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province.
Yan Tao is famous at home and abroad for its turquoise stone color, elegance and rarity, firm and fine quality, glittering and translucent jade, silent buckle, watertight, fast ink development without damage, and long-term storage without drying up. It has always been the treasure of the palace elegant room, the treasure of the literati, the gift to relatives and friends, and a wonderful flower in the antique inventory. Scholars, painters and calligraphers of past dynasties all admired Yan Tao's inscriptions and poems.
2. Duan inkstone
Duanyan is a specialty of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, and a symbolic product of chinese national geography. Guangdong inkstone is one of the four famous inkstones in China, which is as famous as Yan Tao in Gansu, She Yan in Anhui and Chengni inkstone in Shaanxi. It was produced in Duanzhou in the early Tang Dynasty (now Duan Xi, the eastern suburb of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province), hence the name Duanyan, with a history of 1300 years.
In the traditional culture of China, inkstone is one of Four Treasures of the Study. Among the four famous inkstones produced in China, Guangdong Duanyan is the most famous.
Guangdong inkstone is famous for its solid, smooth, delicate and delicate stone. The ink developed by Guangdong inkstone Institute is smooth and smooth, and the color of handwriting remains unchanged for a long time. If Guangdong inkstone is good, whether it is hot in summer or cold in winter, the inkstone heart will be blue-green, and it will not dry after a long time of moisture. Therefore, the ancients said that "gas grinds ink".
Duanyan is produced in Kelan Mountain in the east of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province and Beiling Mountain in the north of Qixingyan in Zhaoqing City (from Xiaoxiangxia in the west to Dinghushan in the east), especially in Laokeng, Mazikeng and Kengziyan.
3. inkstone
Sheyan, the full name of Shezhou inkstone, is as famous as Yan Tao in Gansu, Duanyan in Guangdong and Chengni inkstone in Yellow River. It is one of the four famous inkstones in China.
It is located in Zhou She, between Huangshan Mountain and Tianmu Mountain and Baiji Mountain, including Shexian County, Xiuning County, Qimen County, yi county County and Wuyuan County. The best producing area of Sheshi is Xiaxijian of Weilong Mountain (Luowenshan) at the junction of Wuyuan and Shexian, so She Yan is also called Weilong inkstone, and Weilong Mountain is the producing area of most stone materials that survive in the world. In addition, Shexian, Xiuning, Qimen and other counties also produce inkstones.
The material for making inkstone is called inkstone or inkstone, which generally takes 50- 1 100 million years of geological changes to form. Slate with slight foliation is the most suitable for making inkstone.
Its main mineral components are sericite, quartz, pyrite, pyrrhotite, limonite and carbon. The particle size is 0.00 1~0.005mm and the specific gravity is 2.8 1~2.94. The main inkstone front is a sheet inkstone front. She Yanshi's pattern structure is very prominent, which can be divided into caviar pattern, rib pattern, golden halo pattern, eyebrow pattern, brush silk pattern and so on.
Because of its fine mineral particles and uniform distribution in time, it has the effects of benefiting ink, slipping without abandoning the pen, and astringent without delaying the pen, which is praised by calligraphers of all ages. Simple modeling, relief, bas-relief, semi-circular carving and other techniques are the craft style and characteristics of She Yan platform.
4. Cheng Niyan
Cheng Ni inkstone is one of the traditional Chinese handicrafts and calligraphy tools. It started in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has a history of more than 1000 years. Since the Tang Dynasty, Duanyan, She Yan, Taohe and Cheng Ni have been called "four famous inkstones".
The inkstone shapes of Cheng Ni inkstone are round, oval, semicircle, square, rectangle and any shape. There are carved three-dimensional inkstones, such as horns, ear bottles, two turtles sitting on waves, sea animals roaring at the moon, eight monsters drawing water, antique stone canals and tiles.
Landscape figures, flowers and trees, birds and animals are carved on the plane; There are rhinoceros looking at the moon, White Pagoda of Mount Tai, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and so on. These carved inkstones are simple and exquisite, but the origin is inconclusive. Although each has his own opinions, it is not too far from the river. It is true that the ancients said that the inkstone was made of river mud.
It's just that this method is more troublesome, and it will take a year or two to clear it. After the mud is removed, "it's dry, and people in Huang Dan are like tea makers, exactly the same." Carve it into the shape of an inkstone with a bamboo knife, with any size.
Dry it slightly in the shade, then carve it with a sharp knife, expose it, pile it on the ground, stir it with rice bran and yellow cow dung, and burn it for one volt. "Then steam it with black wax and rice vinegar for many times. Such a complicated process makes the inkstone as hard as a stone.
Nowadays, ancient clay inkstones are extremely rare, and top grades are even harder to find. One of the reasons is probably that the production process is complicated and the output is very low.
In addition, the best inkstone is better than mud inkstone, and there must be more people circulating for a long time. By the Qing Dynasty, Cheng Ni inkstone had declined, and occasionally it was better, mostly secular.
5. Songhua stone inkstone
Also known as Songhua inkstone, it is a specialty of Jilin Province and a symbolic product of chinese national geography. Songhua stone inkstone is made of Songhua stone in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province. Making inkstone with turquoise began in the late Ming Dynasty and was highly respected in the Qing Dynasty. Songhua inkstone is characterized by jade, green and flawless, firm and fine in quality, tender and pure in color, smooth but not astringent.
The characteristics that pine smoke can be scattered, colorful and add luster to fine flowers are deeply loved by emperors. Emperor Kangxi appreciated the Songhua inkstone very much and named it "Imperial inkstone", which has been used exclusively by the court.
It disappeared after the late Qing Dynasty, and 1979 discovered the old mine and reappeared. Among them, "still water of pine flowers", "loose fine water" and "green quiet" are the most precious, while "longan", "phoenix eye", "red cypress pattern" and "purple robe green belt" are the most peculiar.
According to the unique physical and chemical structure of turquoise, such as hardness, density, water absorption, compressive strength, freeze-thaw compressive strength and corrosion resistance, and the characteristics of microcrystalline calcite, fine particles (mostly less than 0.0 1 mm) and uniform structure distribution, the turquoise inkstone is polished smoothly and the ink color is full.
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