Ancient artists in China paid little attention to "beauty". Influenced by Laozi's philosophy, they pursue "Miao" in their artistic creation. The focus of beauty is a limited object. In order to describe a limited object perfectly, the focus of "Miao" is the whole life, not the whole nature. Artists in China are not limited to depicting a single human body or object, but portray this limited object vividly and perfectly. On the contrary, they want to break through this limited object, and they pursue a kind of "image outside the image" and "scenery outside the scene" in which they express their feelings about the whole life. The painters in ancient China, even if painting a stone, a grass bug, a few waterfowl and a few bamboos, should also show the vitality of the whole universe, so that the picture reflects the painter's understanding of the whole life and reveals a philosophical sense of life. And this is what the ancients called artistic conception.
Ancient landscape painters in China like to draw "far", which is high, far and flat. There were many landscape paintings in ancient China. There were vast water surfaces nearby, wooden bridges, pavilions, streams and fishing boats, and countless mountains and valleys in the distance. The whole picture from near to far, layer by layer, farther and farther. Mountains and rivers are originally material things, but "far" has broken through the limited form of mountains and rivers, making people's eyes reach into the distance and enter the so-called "image outside the image" and "scenery outside the scene" from the limited time space. So "far" is the artistic conception of China's landscape painting.
Similarly, the ancient poets in China also liked to climb high and look far. Qu Yuan, Ruan Ji, Zuo Si, Li Bai and Du Fu all wrote poems about climbing high and looking far. Climbing high and looking far is to enter infinite time space from limited time space, which leads to a sense of life and history.
So is the garden art in China. The greatest aesthetic feature of China's garden art is artistic conception. The beauty of China gardens is not the beauty of isolated architecture or isolated landscape, but the beauty of artistic conception. The artistic conception of China gardens is to break through the limited images and enter the infinite time and space. The aesthetic value of buildings, terraces, pavilions and pavilions in China's classical gardens lies not in the buildings themselves, but in the fact that they can guide tourists from small space to large space, thus enriching their feelings about the beauty of space. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a gardener named Ji Cheng. He has a book called Yuanye, in which there is a passage: "Gao Shuang has a porch, and the windows are bright and empty, and the four seasons in Wang Yang are beautiful." This passage is very good. Why are the columns so high in the gardens of China? Why are the windows so big? It is for the sake of "Wang Yang has a thousand hectares of land and enjoys the splendor of the four seasons", that is, it allows tourists to "receive" and "accept" all the scenery of the infinite time and space outside. Here, the window plays a great role. The windows of China garden buildings are designed to make people naturally contact with the outside world. Ji Cheng said that "windows are virtual neighbors", and this "virtual" is the vast space outside.
Pavilion is indispensable in every garden in China. Pavilion also plays an important role in the artistic conception of China gardens. There are many kinds of pavilions in China gardens, but their basic structures are the same. A roof, several columns, and the middle is empty. The function of this kind of building is to absorb the scenery of a large external space into this small space. People in the Yuan Dynasty have two poems, "Mountains and rivers have infinite scenery, and all gather in a pavilion". This is the function of the pavilion, which is to absorb the infinite scenery of the external space. Other buildings in China gardens, such as pavilions and pavilions, also play this role, all in order to enable visitors to enter a large space from a small space, that is, to break through the limited and lead to the infinite. The breakthrough is limited and leads to infinity, which can trigger a feeling and understanding of the whole life and history in the hearts of tourists. Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting is a treasure of calligraphy art in China. It is said that Emperor Taizong loved it to the extreme, so he buried it in his coffin as a funerary object. In this preface, Wang Xizhi pointed out at the beginning that the aesthetic feeling of Lanting is not mainly the beauty of Pavilion itself, but that it can make people "look up at the vastness of the universe and overlook the prosperity of various categories". These two sentences are very famous, which means that when you look up, the universe is so big, and when you look down, everything in the world is so colorful and full of vitality. Then he said, "So it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke." Tourists' eyes are swimming, their hearts are open and their horizons are wide, so they have great fun. And this way of looking up, looking down and seeing the world has aroused the consciousness of life. Wang Xizhi went on to say, "I'm very happy, pitch."
Suddenly, it's a thing of the past, but if you can't help pregnant with it, things will get better. ""If you look back at the present, you will still look back at the past. "The universe is infinite, but life is limited. Of course, this limited life is full of value and significance. This is a sense of life. Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting is also a very famous article. At the beginning of the article, Wang Bo also described the beauty of the Wang Teng Pavilion, but he went on to say that the beauty of the Wang Teng Pavilion lies not in the building itself, but in the fact that it can let people see the infinitely vast space and the infinitely magnificent scenery. It has two famous sentences: "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water and sky are the same color. "This is an infinitely vast space. Then he wrote that in the beauty of this space, there is a kind of person.
Sense of health: "The sky is vast, and I feel the infinity of the universe. I am full of sorrow, and I know a few things. " This is a sense of life. There is a grand view building in Kunming, China. There is a couplet upstairs, which is said to be the longest couplet in China. The first part is: "Five hundred Li Dianchi Lake, running to the fundus. I was very happy when I was lying on the shore. The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. It is better to choose the winner than to board the board. Taking advantage of the crab island Luozhou, combing the package in the wind and fog is more beautiful and embellished with some jade feathers and Danxia. Not lonely, surrounded by fragrant rice and clear sand, hibiscus in September and willow in March. " This is a vast and boundless space. The second part is to write infinite time: "A thousand years ago, remember it in my heart." Make the wine empty and sigh who is the hero. I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a building with a bead curtain, and the volume will not be better than that of the late rain, so we will break the monument and give it to the light smoke. Only win, a few minutes, half a river fishing, two rows of autumn geese, a pillow to clear the frost. "Infinite space and time have caused a sigh of life and history. The long couplet of this grand view building, together with Wang Xizhi and Wang.
Bob's two masterpieces show that the artistic conception of China garden architecture lies in that it can open visitors' eyes and hearts to nature, make them "look up at the vastness of the universe and overlook the prosperity of the category", make them "think about the universe through the ages", and enter the infinite time space from the limited time space, thus triggering a sense of philosophy about life, history and the universe.
The difference between works of art and general works of art is that it not only reveals the meaning of a specific thing or event in life, but also transcends specific things and events and reveals the meaning of the whole life from one angle. A work may be beautiful or good, but if it doesn't reveal some meaning of the whole life, it can't be said that it is a work with artistic conception. Wang Guowei, a scholar of China Modern University, commented on Jiang Baishi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, in his "Tales on Earth". He said, Jiang Baishi's ci has a high style, but no artistic conception. Jiang Baishi is not only a writer, but also a musician. Most of his words are written by himself. His music is preserved to this day. For example, one of his songs has the inscription "Mei Xi Ling" (1 196): "Good flowers are different from fragrant people, sparkling. I'm worried that the spring breeze will turn back to green. Where can I find jade? In the dream, Mulan sculls and the clouds are small and horizontal. Wandering to the foot of the lonely mountain, the bluebird sings for a spring. " This song of the Song Dynasty, which has a history of over 800 years, still sounds very charming today. But it is only limited to expressing the charm of a specific situation in life, and it can't make people feel a certain meaning of the whole life, so it has a high style, but it has no artistic conception. Of course, many of China's ancient music works are artistic. Su Dongpo, a writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Qian Chibi Fu". This article describes Su Dongpo and his friends boating under the Red Cliff on a bright moon night. Some of them play flutes. Su Dongpo used eight glyphs to express Dongxiao's music: "If you complain like thirst, if you cry like a complaint". The good use of these eight words shows that the music of this flute contains some feelings of his friends about the whole life. Man's life is short. The journey of life is full of ups and downs. But life is valuable, meaningful and interesting after all. There are many things in life that make people feel sorry, sigh and melancholy, but there are also many things in life that make people miss, miss and comfort. This is probably the so-called "resentment like thirst, tears like a spring."
The aesthetic feeling of artistic conception actually contains a sense of life and history. Because of this, people often have a feeling of melancholy, like a person who has lived in a foreign country for a long time missing his hometown. The ancient poets in China like to climb high and look far, and use this method to arouse their philosophical understanding of life. This feeling brings a melancholy to the poet. Many poets have talked about their.
Feeling. For example, Shen Deqian, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, said, "When I was climbing a mountain, I had a feeling of the past and the present." He Xun, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, has two poems: "If you can't go to the green hills, you will be disappointed." Li Bai has two poems: "Climbing high and looking far is salty, bitter and sad." These poems all show the aesthetic feeling of artistic conception, often showing a kind of melancholy. The artistic conception of China's most famous classical novel A Dream of Red Mansions is that it permeates the writer Cao Xueqin's profound understanding of life. It guides readers to experience some meaning of the whole life. In the fifty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, Baoyu was ill for some time and wanted to visit Daiyu when he got well. The novel is written like this: Baoyu came from the riverbank around Qin Fang Bridge. "I saw a big apricot tree with all the flowers falling, and there were many small apricots the size of beans behind it. Baoyu thought to himself,' I have been ill for a few days and failed apricot flowers! I didn't realize that "green leaves are full of branches", so I looked up at apricots. He also thought that Xing Xiuyan had chosen a husband. Although it is a major event for men and women, it is necessary, but it may be that he lost a good daughter. However, in two years, it will be' green leaves full of branches'. "This description has a strong poetic. The author combines Su Dongpo's poem "Flowers Xie Hong Lv Xing Xiao" and Du Mu's poem "The wind is crimson and green leaves are full of branches", which re-dyes Jia Baoyu's emotional color and creates a new artistic conception. This big apricot tree gave Jia Baoyu a philosophical understanding of life, which made him sigh deeply. When readers read this, they will be lost in the poetic atmosphere like Jia Baoyu and feel a kind of melancholy. Jia Baoyu can be said to be the one who has the deepest feelings about life in A Dream of Red Mansions. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "The fog of sadness hangs over Hualin, but only Baoyu can breathe and understand it. "This sad fog is not only because of the decline of the family, but also because the world is cold.
Many works of Tang and Song Ci are very artistic. For example, "Where is the return journey, the pavilion is shorter", "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward" and "Time is fleeting, cherries are red and bananas are green". Reading these words, I feel a kind of melancholy, just like a traveler who misses his hometown. Artistic conception gives people this metaphysical comfort. Of course, this is also a kind of aesthetic feeling, and it also brings people a kind of spiritual pleasure and satisfaction. In this aesthetic feeling, it includes the experience and feeling of the whole life, which can be said to be the highest aesthetic feeling.