Su Shi's poems mostly express the feelings of bumpy career, but also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
Su Shi's ci has a wide range of themes, such as remembering the past, giving a reply, seeing off and reasoning, which also breaks through the strict rhythm and promotes the development of ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji.
Wang Yang's argumentative essay in Su Shi's prose is arbitrary and the narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, The Collection of Shi Zhongshan and The Collection of He Fangting are all works with the same fame as The Fu on the Red Wall and The Fu on the Later Red Wall. Also known as "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold". After joining the promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan went out.
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong and Lu You, as well as Wu Kuan in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows the great influence.
Su Shi painted bamboo with ink in his paintings, which is more concise than literature and has the tendency of dancing. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange rocks. Mi Fei also said: Make dead branches and entangle them for no reason; The stone is hard, and it is strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in its chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very whimsical. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the likeness of spirit, advocating the feelings beyond painting, painting should have sustenance, opposing the similarity of form and the limitation of procedure, advocating the unity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll discovered in recent years is also his work. Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu". In Qing Dynasty, Wang Wenhao compiled and annotated Su Wenzhong's public poems completely.
Su Shi (1037-110/year), a native of Meishan, Sichuan, was an outstanding writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. With his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, they are also called "Three Sus". Su Shi was already a scholar at the age of twenty-one. During the Zongshen period, he worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Huangzhou was demoted as an assistant of Yong Tuan because of the Wutai Poetry Case. After more than four years in Huangzhou, he cultivated land in Dongpo, hence the name "Dongpo lay man". After Zhezong acceded to the throne, he successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of attendance, and a minister of rites, and was well known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was banished to Huizhou and Danzhou. Amnesty returned to the north, died in Changzhou on the way, and was buried in jia county, Henan Province, chasing Wen Zhonggong.
During his tenure as local governor, Su Shi cared about the sufferings of the people and did many good deeds to benefit the people, which was deeply supported by the people. Su Shi is a well-read essayist and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His literary works mark the highest achievement of literary creation in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi is a famous poet, and he is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian, a famous poet in Song Dynasty. Su Shi, an outstanding poet, created a bold style of ci, and was called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji, which had a great influence on later generations. Su Shi is a famous calligrapher. He, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called "Song Sijia". Su Shi is also a famous painter. In addition, he is also good at irrigation and water conservancy, education, music, medicine, mathematics, epigraphy, aesthetics, cooking, etc. > Su Shi: (1037-101) Northern Song Dynasty writer and painter. Zi Zizhan, a famous Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Su Xun. When Jia You Jinshi Zongshen was in power, he was the foreign minister of Zubu. Because of opposing Wang Anshi's new law and seeking a foreign post, he served as a judge in Hangzhou, knowing Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". At that time, Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin, and once knew Hangzhou, Yingzhou and other places. , a former does history. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. He died in Changzhou in the second year after returning to the North. Chasing Wen Zhong in Southern Song Dynasty. Being of the same clan as my father and brother, they are collectively called "Three Sows". Politically, it belongs to the old party, but it also has the requirements of reform shortcomings. Wang Yang is one of the "Eight Masters" in Tang and Song Dynasties. His articles are bold and fluent. His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. "Nian Nujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou, Ice Dust Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely circulated. He is good at running script and regular script. He studied under Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and he can find a new way. The end of the pen is ups and downs, naive. Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei are also called "Song Sijia". He can draw bamboo, learn literature and like making strange stones. On painting, he advocates "spirit likeness" and thinks that "on painting, it is similar in shape and adjacent to children"; He spoke highly of the artistic attainments of "painting in poetry and poetry in painting". His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo and so on. There are some books that survive in the world, such as Teacher Xie's Essays, Several Sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, and Huangzhou Cold Food Poems. His paintings include "Strange Trees and Stones" and "Bamboo Stones".
Main lyrics
Shuilongyin (like a flower but not like a flower) Xiangzi
Yongyule (the bright moon is frost) Xijiang Yuechong wine
Man Jianghong (from Jianghan West) Man Jianghong Huaizi Right Block
Jiangchengzi (Ten Years of Life and Death) Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia
Dongxiange (Ice Muscle jade bone) Huanxisha (Orchid Buds Soaked in Xiaxi Mountain)
Xijiangyue (in Huangzhou), Klang Ganzhou, sent a visit to Liaozi.
Huanxisha (rustling clothes and falling jujube flowers) Linjiangxian (drunk by drinking Dongpo at night)
Set up a storm (it rained on Hu Sha Road on March 7) to show your resentment (who is Huanyi Sannong).
Water tone (when is the bright moon) Butterfly flowers (flowers wither, red and green apricots are small)
Partridge sky (forest breaks mountains, bamboo hides walls)
Wang Jiangnan (Bulaochun)
Diviner (no moon hanging on the tree)
He Xinlang (flying like smoke)
Ruan Langgui (green Gao Huai Liu Yan new Zen) Jiang Chengzi (old man talking about juvenile madness)
To put it simply, Su Shi (1037-101year), known as Dongpo lay man, was an outstanding writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe were both famous writers in ancient times, and they were known as the "Three Sus" in the world.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was moved to Huzhou (Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province), and was taken to Yushitai in July (where Yushitai worked, and Shi Yu was responsible for impeaching officials). Huangfu Zun and others sent by Wutai (namely Yushitai) were arrested and imprisoned. They accused Su Shi of distorting the facts and slandering the imperial court in his poems. , He, Shu Qi and others quoted Su Shi's Poem of the Chronicle of Hangzhou as evidence, saying that he "played with the imperial court and mocked state affairs", and even pulled out a sentence or two from his other poems to convict him out of context, such as: "Reading thousands of books without reading the law made you know nothing about Yao and Shun". It turned out that Su Shi said that he knew nothing about the law. For another example, "if the East China Sea has a clear idea, it should be taught to turn brine into mulberry fields", saying that he is accusing the water conservancy construction of being wrong. In fact, Su Shi himself built water conservancy projects in Hangzhou. How could he think that was wrong? Another example is "Wen Shao forgot to understand the taste, and there was no salt in March in recent years." He said he was attacking the salt law. In short, he decided that he dared to mock the emperor and the prime minister. He was guilty of a heinous crime and should be sentenced to death. Su Shi was tortured in Yushitai. On February 28th of that year/KLOC-0, Meng's gift was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou (Huanggang County, Hubei Province). Su Shi was detained for nearly a hundred days and then released from Yushitai prison. Later generations compiled the statement and confession of this case into a Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi
( 1037~ 1 10 1)
Writer, painter and calligrapher in Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people.
all one's life
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time, and the following year he was a scholar with his younger brother, which won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner. In six years, Jiayou was promoted to the third place in the middle school system and awarded the judge of Fengxiang House in Dali. After his father Su Xun died in Bianjing, he helped the funeral home. In the second year of Xining (1069), he went to serve in the DPRK. Because there are many differences with Wang Anshi's idea of political reform, he asked for a transfer. From the fourth year of Xining to the early stage of Yuanfeng, he was sent to Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou as local officials. Get rid of the old and innovate, and make great achievements because of the convenience of the law. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was imprisoned for libeling the imperial court with poetry. After being released by luck, he was demoted to Huangzhou. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), the old party came to power. Su Shi was transferred back to Kyoto, Ren Zhongshu, where he served as a Sheren, a bachelor of Hanlin and a patent in Zhi Zhi. However, there are differences with the old party on the issue of abolishing the immunity law. Yuan You stayed in Hangzhou for four years. After six years' recall, Jia Yi and others falsely accused Su Shi of going abroad, and he was sent to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou successively. During this period, he continued to carry out some reforms within his power. During Shao Shengyuan's reign, the New Party seized power and demoted the old minister of Yuan You. Su Shi was demoted again and again, from Yingzhou (now Yingde, Guangdong) and Huizhou to Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). It was not until Fu Yuan's third year (1 100) that Song Huizong was pardoned and returned to the north. Jane Zhongjing Guoyuan (1 10 1) died in Changzhou in July. Su Shi influenced Buddhism and Taoism on the basis of Confucian system. He combined Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism with the philosophy of the third generation, and almost all his thoughts attracted him. In his early years, he had the political ideal that Confucianism assisted the monarch to govern the country and help the people, and he was interested in reforming the lazy habits of the Northern Song Dynasty. On the one hand, Buddha's old ideas help him to observe problems more easily, and he still insists on the pursuit of life and beautiful things behind a broad-minded attitude beyond things; On the other hand, the nihilism of equality between life and death and right and wrong has a serious negative effect of escaping from reality. This kind of life thought and attitude is obviously reflected in his creation. Su Shi's political path was bumpy. Because he advocated reform but disapproved of Wang Anshi's political reform, he not only contradicted the reformists, but also became better than the conservatives who maintained the status quo. Su Shi's distinctive personality and attention to ethics made him neither satisfied with Yuanfeng nor yearned for Yuan You, which was even more destroyed by Shao Sheng. However, this is just conducive to his deepening experience, broadening his horizons and making him a great success in literature.
Literary achievements
Su Shi devoted his life to literary and artistic creation. He attaches importance to the social function of literature, opposes "Zhong Hua despises reality" and emphasizes that the author should have a complete life experience. In his opinion, the style of writing should be "like flowing water, with no definite quality at the beginning", "natural in arts and sciences, full in posture" (Teacher Xie's Book), bold in innovation and originality, and "innovative in statutes, bold and unconstrained, leaving wonderful ideas outside" (After Wu Daozi's Painting). Su Shi attaches great importance to the discussion of literary and artistic creation skills. He explained "expressing words" by "seeking the beauty of things is like catching shadows from the wind", and then "knowing things in the mouth and hands" (Thank the teacher's book), which touched the special law of literary and artistic creation. Su Shi's creative practice embodies his literary view. He is a versatile master with unique achievements in poetry, ci and prose.
There are more than 2,700 poems by Su Shi, with a wide range of subjects and rich contents. Sympathy for the people and concern for production are the prominent contents of Su Shi's poems. But more places criticized the shortcomings of the new law. Some poems concerned with production, such as "Two Rhymes and Chapters Pass Happy Rain", "Answer to Reclaim the Land in Lu", "Carboniferous Period", "Sheep and Horse Song" and "You Polo Temple", show people's sufferings, criticize the shortcomings of the times, express sincere feelings, are unpretentious, and open up many social themes rarely involved by predecessors, with extensive materials and far-reaching significance. Su Shi's landscape poems and rational poems have the highest artistic value and are the most popular. Poems such as Visiting Jinshan Temple, Night View of Wanghailou, Drunk Book of Wanghulou, and Drinking Rain from the Lake after the Qing Dynasty depict the night of the Yangtze River, the sunny rain in the south of the Yangtze River and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. Poems such as Climbing to the Guangli Pavilion on the Peak of Changshan Mountain, Hundred Steps of Flood and Climbing to Haicheng Zhangzhou vividly depict the local scenery and places of interest in Jiangbei. Su Shi is not only good at observing and capturing the different characteristics of scenery in different places, but also describes the freshness and simplicity of rural environment with joy and love. The pastoral poems written in Lingnan reflect the harmonious relationship between the author and Huizhou people and Li people. Su Shi is good at understanding new ideas and wonderful ideas from daily life and ordinary natural scenery, and writing thought-provoking and interesting poems. For example, some articles, such as Xilin Wall Title, Qin Poetry, and Sinha Pagoda in Sizhou, are all lyrical on the spot, with a definite meaning and endless aftertaste. Some poems are often full of bright and optimistic interest, which embodies the spirit of defying adversity and despising hardships. In addition, Su Shi also wrote many poems to appreciate calligraphy, such as Reading Meng Jiao's Poems, Zang He Zhan, Shi Zui Mo Tang and so on. Su Shi's poems are bold and agile, full of ease, full of talent and thoughts, touching the scene and full of spring, unique in art and becoming a grand view of a generation. Su Shi is observant and concise in poetry. No matter how he describes the scenery, state of things and human feelings, he can write it vividly and quite lyrical. Su Shi's poems are imaginative, interesting, novel, appropriate and fascinating. Su Shi's poems are sometimes straightforward and full of momentum. The discussion style of Su Shi's poems certainly contributes to the freedom of expression and the fluency of style, but it also has a certain influence on the beauty of imagery and rhythm of poetry. Moreover, due to social intercourse, some rhyming poems are close to word games. Too many useful works or too many rough and lengthy works have affected his creative achievements. Su Shi can master everything in ancient and modern styles freely, but he is good at ancient styles and seven words. His seven ancient paintings are magnificent and unpredictable, which can best reflect his unconstrained talent, wonderful pen galloping and fantastic agility. The five ancient books are unpretentious, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and naturally wonderful. Su Shi's Seven Rhymes are also excellent, with natural charm and beautiful and round style, which is slightly similar to Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi's poetic style, but more surprising. Su Shi didn't put much effort into the five-character poem method. There were never many five-character poems, but the seven-character poems were beautiful and vivid, and the famous works were widely read.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi broke through the barrier that ci must be fragrant and soft, and created a number of new ci chapters, which opened the way for the rapid development of ci style. Judging from the existing 3450 Dongpo ci poems, Su Shi's innovation in ci style is various. Su Shi expanded the function of Ci to reflect social life. He not only wrote traditional themes such as love, parting and wandering, but also expressed his ambition to serve the country, rural life and exile life with words, which expanded the realm of words. He created heroes with healthy brushstrokes to express his great ambition to contribute to the country, such as (Jiang)' s "Old Man Chatting with Teenagers" and so on. Su Shi devoted himself more to expressing his personality in his ci. (Man Jianghong) "Jianghan Came to the West" is a nostalgia for the past, using Mi Heng's experience to cover up resentful feelings; (Set the storm) "Don't listen to the sound of leaves in the forest" embodies a leisurely attitude towards life that is not afraid of ups and downs. The five poems written in Xuzhou (Huanxisha) vividly describe the small scenes of rural production and life in fresh and beautiful language, and describe various rural figures such as Huang Tong, Bai Zuo, Cai Sanggu, Silk Reeling Niang and melon seller. It can be said that Su Shi can use words to express all the life contents that poetry can write. Su Ci is innovative in brushwork and system. He writes poems with heroic momentum and vigorous brushwork, and his style is mostly vigorous, frustrated and passionate. Such as (Klang Ganzhou), "Love comes from Wan Li", and the brushwork is like a snowy mountain, coming from the ground.
Starting from Su Shi, Yuan You poets began to write poems in poetic style. Su Shi rewrote Tao Yuanming's Poem of Returning to the Native to Whistle, and Han Yu's Poem of Listening to the Piano to Tune the Song Head, which also made some innovations in the style of ci. In the past, poets rarely set topics outside the topic. Many of Su Shi's ci poems not only begin with a title, but also use a small preface, reaching hundreds of words, which is brilliant and fascinating. Su Shi took poetry as his ci, which expanded the expressive force of ci style. Su Ci has a distinct ideal color. Some works are imaginative and unconstrained. For example, "When will there be a bright moon?" (Nian Nujiao) "Overlooking the distance from a height?" (Man Fang Ting) "Go back and come to Xi?" Such chapters are the spiritual inheritance of Qu Yuan and Li Bai, and open some of Xin Qiji's broad-minded and fantastic works. In language and temperament, it also embodies Su Shi's innovative spirit. The language of Su Ci mostly absorbs the words of poetry and fu, adopts both historical biography and spoken language, and is famous for its clearness and boldness, which has changed the previous fashion of poets choosing the wrong words with gold. He attaches great importance to melody, but he is not rigid. Su Shi's ci style presents diversified characteristics. In addition to the magnificent words such as "The River Never Returning", other works, whether beautiful or fresh, or charming and lingering, all have their own charm. For example, (Jiang) mourns his dead wife and is deeply attached to her; (Shui Longyin) Singing Huayang, lingering; (Butterfly Hua Lian) The beauty's laughter stirs the spring worries of the laity on the wall, which is full of amorous feelings and charming.
Su Shi made great efforts in prose. With solid skill and unrestrained talent, he developed Ouyang Xiumin's soothing style of writing and opened up a new world for prose creation. The papers on history and politics, including recitation, strategy and historical criticism, are mostly works closely related to Su Shi's political life. There are many excellent chapters with pertinence and insight, but some of them are unreasonable in length and strong in discipline. Such as Jin Ce, Si Zhilun and Hou Lun. His views are novel, not rigid, eloquent and flexible, which embodies the influence of essays such as Mencius and Warring States Policy. Narrative travel prose has the highest artistic value in Su Wen, and there are many famous masterpieces. Write down the inscriptions of characters, such as "Chaozhou Hanwen Gongci Monument", and write down the essays of pavilions, such as "Xi Yu Ting Ji". His landscape travel notes, such as The Red Wall before and after Fu, are good at capturing the characteristics of scenery and expressing reason, so as to achieve the harmonious unity of poetry and reason. Su Shi's narrative prose often combines discussion, description and lyricism, and is unconventional and innovative in style. Stylistically, Wang Yang is proud of his physical form; It can better reflect the influence of Zhuangzi and Zen writing. Prose such as letters, inscriptions, recitation and postscript also occupy an important position in Dongpo's book collection. Most of his letters, such as A Book about Mei Zhi and A Book with Li Gongze, are written in essays and carvings, which make people deeply understand their hearts and best show the author's frank, cheerful and funny personality. Su Shi wrote many inscriptions, prefaces and postscripts, essays, comments on poems and paintings, talks about calligraphy and summarizes creative experience. Such as Before Going South, After Painting by Wu Daozi, etc. In addition, Su Shi also has some essays describing his academic experience, such as Japanese Metaphor and A Shuo, which can be written in simple terms and have many original opinions in content. Su Shi also wrote a widely circulated note "Dongpo Zhi Lin", which was mentioned before his death, but was not completed. Has been passed down to later editors. Zhi Lin, included in Renhai, is very rich in content, with many essays and trivial notes, concise and quite tolerant. For example, "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" and "Night Tour in Songfeng Pavilion" are handy, artistic and temperament. This writing is really a school of essays in the late Ming Dynasty. Another Qiu Chi Notes was also compiled by later generations. Su Shi's works have a wide influence. He is keen on awarding prizes and training many talents. His works were widely circulated in the Song Dynasty and played an important role in the development of literature in the Song Dynasty. Su Shi was highly praised by Jin Dynasty poets, Ming Dynasty writers and Song Dynasty poets. Su Wen has been engaged in academic research for a long time, and his prose is the first in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Until the Qing Dynasty, Su Ci was still dominated by poets such as Chen Weisong. A large number of Su Shi's works are his precious legacy to future generations.
Su Shi is brilliant, elegant in poetry and prose, and good in calligraphy and painting. He visited all the philosophers in Jin and Tang Dynasties in calligraphy, and became a school of his own. He is good at running script and regular script, and his brushwork is strong and natural. He, Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei are also called "Song Sijia". Books handed down from ancient times include Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post, Red Wall Fu, Thank you for your essay post, Dongting Spring Scenery, Zhongshan Song Laoer Fu Volume and so on. Su Shi's concept of painting is remarkable, advocating "likeness of spirit" and "vividness", and putting forward "painting in poetry" and "painting in poetry", which is very influential in the history of painting. He is good at painting bamboo and stone, learning and writing, and has his own style. Su Shi's paintings are genuine, and today there are only "ancient trees and strange stones". Su Shi's academic works include Yi Zhuan and Shu Zhuan.
Su Dongpo and Su Shi were writers and painters in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Three Sus" with his father Su Xun and his brother Su. Su Dongpo abides by traditional etiquette in politics, but he has the ambition to change the four evils, so his official career is ups and downs. His personality is heroic, and his poems are bold, fresh and vigorous, which created the unrestrained school. He is open-minded, and although calligraphy is learned from the ancients, it can create new ideas and be full of childlike interest. At the same time, he is good at painting and likes making strange stones. Su Dongpo claimed that there were three inferior things in his life, namely, drinking, playing chess and singing, but his poems, books and paintings were praised by later generations.
First, scholarly family.
Su Shi, whose name is Zi Zhan, is also Yu and Zhong, and his name is Dongpo layman. Meishan, Meizhou (now meishan county, Sichuan) was born in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, December 19th, the third year of Emperor Renzong's reign. Mother Cheng's family is the daughter Cheng of Dari Akagi (equivalent to the President of the Supreme Court). She comes from a scholarly family. Because she has been exposed since she was a child, her moral character and knowledge are quite good. Su Shi is lucky to have such a mother, so she can receive a good tutor. Grandfather Su Xun and others are happy about his birth. Three years later, my younger brother Su Zhe was born. According to the Su Family Tree compiled by Su Xun, Su's ancestors can be traced back to Su Weidao, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty. But the truth is hard to determine, but what is certain is that Su Shi's ancestors can be traced back to Su Jian five dynasties ago.
Su Xun, Su Shi's father, is eager to take the imperial examination. However, it was too late for him to start studying, about the time after Su Shi was born. He has been standing for several years, but he has repeatedly failed, and he can only sigh that he is incompetent. Therefore, he has great expectations for Su Shi and Su Zhe. Soon after Su Shi was born, Su Xun went to Kyoto to study, so Su Shi was never taught by his father until he was eight years old. He was originally inspired by his mother. Later, Cheng was deeply convinced of Taoism and ordered him to worship Zhang Weishi, a Taoist priest in Tianqing, and study with more than 100 young children in the town. Su Shi and Chen Taichu, who later became local collectors, are often praised by Mr. Private Pad. At that time, the children of official families in China generally hired tutors to teach their studies at home, while Su Shi and the children in the town sat in private seats of Taoism to study, which was a very common educational place for ordinary people. The children who study in private schools are all children of businessmen and farmers. Su Wan spent his childhood in a private school, which cultivated his common character and was of great benefit to his future career as an official.
Su Shi studied in Tianqing Pavilion for three years. At the age of ten, his mother taught him to read the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. When he read the biography of Fan Bangguan, he was deeply moved. She sighed unconsciously and said to her mother, "If her son is like slanderers, will her mother be happy?" Cheng said, "If you can slander like Fan, can't I be honored as the mother of Fan?" Because Su Shi was gifted at an early age, he made rapid progress under the guidance of his mother.
Second, the famous Beijing earthquake.
Su Shi had been studying in Meishan, his hometown, until he was twenty. In the first year of Renzong Jiaku (AD 1056), he and his younger brother Su Zhe left Meishan with their father for the first time and rushed to Beijing to take the imperial examination. The two brothers who successfully passed the preliminary examination this year took part in the imperial examination the following spring, and Su Shi became a scholar in one fell swoop. The heroes (invigilators) of the imperial examination were the famous literary leaders Ouyang Xiu and Mei at that time. Ouyang Xiu advocated classical Chinese with all his heart, in order to save the flashy and illusory evil in the literary world at that time. When he read Su Shi's article "On Loyalty in Punishment", he was very surprised and thought it was the work of his student Ceng Gong. He wanted to win the first place, but he thought about it for a long time and finally won the second place (later to avoid favoritism), and Su Shi's Spring and Autumn Meaning won the first place. During the entrance examination (the emperor personally took the oral examination), he put forward 25 suggestions, which were appreciated by Emperor Renzong, so he rated Su Shi as a bachelor of Hanlin. Ouyang Xiu said to the people at that time: "I want to avoid this person and go out." It means "I want to avoid him and let him get ahead", which shows Ouyang Xiu's love at that time. Later, Su Shi and Su Zhe both worshipped Ouyang Xiu as their teachers.
Dongpo got married in his hometown before going to Beijing for the exam. Su Shi's mother, Shi Cheng, fell ill and died in April of the second year of Jiayou. Su Jiayou lived for four years, and the mourning period has passed. Father and son once again sailed to Beijing along the Minjiang River and the Yangtze River waterway. In the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi and Su Zhe took the system examination under the recommendation of their tutor Ouyang Xiu. This year, they held an honest and modest exam. Su Shi took the third grade and Su Zhe took the fourth grade. The results of this department are divided into five grades. There are no examples of taking the first and second grades in the Song Dynasty, and the third grade is usually the highest score. According to legend, at that time, Renzong was ecstatic and said to Empress Cao Zhi: "Pi is the two prime ministers of later generations." The two people mentioned by Injong refer to Su Shi and Su Zhe. Sue's two brothers are looking forward to becoming prime ministers one day, and their pro-Su Xun is also delighted.
On November 19th, 6th year of Jiayou, Su Shi was appointed as a judge of Fengxiang Prefecture, that is, an assistant magistrate, equivalent to a deputy magistrate. When he took office, Su Zhe sent him all the way to Zhengxinmen, the outer city of Kyoto leading to the west, and reluctantly parted from his brother. Later, Su Shi put a poem "Farewell Poetry" written at that time at the head of the forty volumes of Dongpo Collection, indicating that this poem was his first work.
In the spring of his second year as a judge in Fengxiang, because it didn't rain for a long time, the severe drought made people's lives difficult. Later, he was ordered by his superiors to go to Taibai Mountain for rain. Then it rained, so a pavilion was built in the north of Fufeng's official residence. QuotXi Yu Ting ",he also wrote a poem" Xi Yu Ting Ji "for this matter, expressing the joy of meeting the rain after a long drought with a light tone.
Third, oppose political reform.
After Yingzong succeeded to the throne, Han Qi became an envoy to Shanling. On the surface, he took care of Su Shi, but in fact he was a little jealous of his talent, so Su Shi was very careful. In order to meet the needs of Shanling, he compiled many rafts and bamboo rafts and tried to go down the Weihe River, but the water was too shallow and the rafts stopped. He was so anxious that he spent five months trying to ship them out. Later, the Xixia people invaded, and people on the border were very afraid. He ran around day and night, supplying rations and food to the people, and it was very hard.
Besides being tired from work, Su Shi has to deal with various relationships in officialdom. Because the sage teachings he learned before are far from the political reality, as a warm-blooded young man, he is extremely worried about his new official position. In the winter of the second year of Yingzong Zhiping (AD 1065), after Fengxiang's term expired, Su Shi couldn't wait to rush back to Kaifeng, the capital where his father and brother lived. Unexpectedly, his beloved wife died the next year (his wife, Wang Fu, is the daughter of a local tribute scholar, who is knowledgeable, literate and poetic. She married Dongpo at the age of sixteen and later gave birth to her son Mai Su, but unfortunately, she died at the age of twenty-seven. Less than a year later, her father died with her, and Su Shi returned to his hometown of Meishan by boat with a heavy heart.
In the first year of Xining, Zongshen ascended the throne, and Su Shi left his hometown after his mourning period. The following year, he became an official in charge of the official language book. At this time, a new situation appeared in politics. In order to save the national finance facing difficulties, Zong Shen appointed Wang Anshi as prime minister and promoted the new law he advocated. Su Shi's political thought is conservative. Although he was dissatisfied with the social situation at that time, he did not fully support Wang Anshi's reform thought. He believes that the key to the problem is not the legal system, but the official management. He hopes that the reform can be carried out in a more moderate way. If reform is to be carried out, it should be carried out step by step, instead of the Rainbow Anshi Rebellion, which is eager for success. Therefore, he kept writing to Zongshen, presenting "On the Miscellaneous School and Palace Opera", "On Buying Zhejiang Lamps", and "Later Han Dynasty" and "Wan Yan Shu", but they were not accepted by Zongshen. Therefore, Su Shi became a member of the old legalists who opposed Wang Anshi and other new legalists at that time, and was politically excluded. There are even people who falsely accuse Su Shi of selling illicit salt.
In the fourth year of Xining (A.D. 107 1), 36-year-old Su Shi saw that the overall situation of political reform had been decided, and it was useless to oppose it. Moreover, he didn't want to be involved in the vortex of sectarian struggle, so he asked to be transferred to Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), but he felt a little sad and lost.
Hangzhou is a place with beautiful scenery. After Su Shi finished his official business, he went around to relieve his worries. He not only made many intimate friends here, but also wrote many poems, such as the famous Rain after Drinking, Lake Chuqing, and Drunk Book of Wang Hulou on June 27th. On the contrary, political frustration prompted Dongpo to experience a richer life as a poet, and since then, he has opened up a broader literary field.
In the seventh year of Xining (AD 1074), Su Shi voluntarily transferred to Mizhou (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province), which was very close to Jinan where Su Zhe worked. He also created many famous literary works in Mizhou, such as The Story of Transcendence, The Mid-Autumn Festival with Mink Head and Child, The Hunting of Jiangchengzi in Mizhou, etc.
Fourth, drift and displacement.
Su Shi was later transferred to Xuzhou (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (AD 1079), in the third month of his transfer to Huzhou, one day, he suddenly broke into an imperial envoy of the imperial court and was arrested in Beijing. It turned out to be a group of court officials who had bad blood with Su Shi. In order to please Wang Anshi, he accused him of distorting the facts in his poems and slandering the court, and asked the emperor to order judicial officials to convict him. Soon, Su Shi was sent to prison, which is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case".
Su Shi did write many poems satirizing the new law when he passed the sentence in Hangzhou. For example, the fourth song of "Five Wonders in a Mountain Village" said: "The money is gone in a hurry. Winning children's pronunciation is good, and it is better to be in the city for a year and a half. " This poem satirizes the poor implementation of the young crops law. Officials forced farmers to borrow money, and then opened local casinos and brothels to get the money back. But this is a poem after all, and it should not constitute a crime, but the serious political struggle around the new law has been