1. About Shaoxing’s traditional culture
Shaoxing’s traditional culture
Yue Opera
Yue Opera is a local opera in Shaoxing. It originated in the countryside of Shengxian County (now Shengzhou City). Because Shengxian County belonged to Shaoxing Prefecture, it was called Shaoxing Opera in the early days. The rural folk tunes originated from "floor singing" and are called "little singing classes". They only use ruler boards and duk drums for accompaniment, and then gradually add strings and percussion instruments. They are directed by the drum board, and the "du" sound is heard during the performance. Continuously, commonly known as "the Duban". In the 1920s, Shaoxing literary opera entered Shanghai, and in the late 1930s it was renamed Yue Opera. Exploration and reform were carried out in singing, performance, music and repertoire, and it became a major national opera. It is good at expressing delicate thoughts and feelings, and its repertoire mostly focuses on love and family themes. Many famous Yue Opera actors have created unique genres based on their respective voice characteristics, which have been inherited and carried forward by young actors. Huqin has various styles, including Adagio, Medium Tempo, Allegro, Clear Tempo, Inverted Tempo, Cross Tune, Ling Ga Tune, Crying Tune, etc. The singing style is clear, soft, euphemistic and lyrical.
2. What are the cultural characteristics of Shaoxing?
Shaoxing has a long history, outstanding people, a developed economy and a gathering of humanities. During the Neolithic Age, humans thrived within the territory. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Gou Jian established his country and dominated the country. Qinxing prefectures and counties were first established in Shanyin County. During the Chen Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, it was divided into Shanyin and Kuaiji counties, which were governed by the same city until the end of the Qing Dynasty. During the founding of the Republic of China, prefectures were removed and counties were built, which were combined into one and collectively named Shaoxing. In 1983, the State Council approved the implementation of the city-governed county system, with cities and counties co-located in Yuecheng. In 2001, Shaoxing County established a new county seat and moved to Keqiao. In 1982, the State Council announced Shaoxing City (county level, namely Shaoxing County) as one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities in the country.
Since the reform and opening up, Shaoxing County, which has no natural resource advantages and no state investment, has achieved sustained, rapid and healthy development in various economic and social undertakings, and its comprehensive economic and social strength has always been at the forefront of the country. Analyzing the deep reasons for the rapid economic and social development, we believe that Shaoxing County’s unique regional culture and the resulting regional spirit have played a huge role in promoting it. This regional culture includes:
The spirit of hard work, pioneering and innovation Water management culture. The terrain in Shaoxing is high in the south and low in the north. Thousands of years ago, there were flash floods in the south and tidal damage in the north. In order to survive, people fought for thousands of years of continuous flood control. Dayu, the ancient hero of flood control, cared about the country and the people, and took flood control as his own responsibility. For thirteen spring and autumn years, he wore the stars and the moon, and "passed through the door of his house three times without entering." In the fifth year of the Yonghe period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Zhen, the prefect of Kuaiji, led the people of Shaoxing to start building Jianhu Lake around the embankment. The Jianhu Lake Water Conservancy Project became the oldest irrigation project in the Jiangnan area of ??my country. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, He Xun, the internal historian of Kuaiji, presided over the dredging and digging of the Xixing Canal, which was beneficial to both irrigation and the distribution of materials. Li Junzhi, the magistrate of Kuaiji County in the Tang Dynasty, presided over the construction of a seawall with a length of more than 100 miles. Later, Tang Shaoen presided over the construction of the Sanjiang Gate to resist sea tides and expand cultivated land. The large-scale reclamation in the 1970s, the construction of standard seawalls in the 1990s, and the land reclamation at the beginning of this century have written a new chapter of hard work and hard work. In the long history, the people of Shaoxing have managed rivers, resisted sea tides, fought flash floods, improved swamps, and enclosed tidal flats. They have continued to explore and practice, and have gone through countless hardships, gradually turning the barbaric land of ancient times into mountains and clear waters. In this beautiful land of plenty, the production practice of transforming nature has not only created a rich material civilization, but also formed an entrepreneurial spirit of hard work, pioneering and innovation.
A celebrity culture that keeps pace with the times and strives to make progress. *** The "Jianhu Yuetai Celebrity Township" in the poem points out the most important symbol of Shaoxing's regional characteristic culture, which is the celebrity culture. Dayu, Gou Jian, Fan Li, Ma Zhen, Wang Xizhi, Lu You, Wang Yangming, Xu Wenchang, Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Qiu Jin, etc., there are countless representative figures in various fields of the past dynasties recorded in historical documents. The essence of this culture, that is, the celebrities of the past dynasties are The rejuvenation of the nation is the strength of the country. It dares to explore from top to bottom and becomes an ideological pioneer in politics, economy and culture. What they pursue throughout their lives is truth and light, and they pursue the civilizational progress of the nation and society. The thoughts and cultural heritage they left behind guide and inspire future generations to realize new ideal pursuits.
This characteristic culture also includes the "Master Culture". As a very regional historical group, the "Shaoxing Masters" also shine with the ideological light of the celebrity culture with their spirit of upholding justice and their resourcefulness in making good use of the law. The spirit of advancing with the times and working hard formed under the influence of celebrity culture is an important spiritual motivation for generations of Shaoxing people, and has also become an important symbol of the regional image of Shaoxing County.
The textile culture of perseverance and excellence. According to research by relevant experts, Shaoxing's textile history can be traced back to the Hemudu period 7,000 years ago. By the time of Yu the Great four to five thousand years ago, it was common to use silk as tribute; during the time of King Goujian of Yue 2,500 years ago, the silkworm weaving industry had become a national concern and prospered for the first time; in the Sui Dynasty, the treasures stood out and were famous both at home and abroad; During the Tang and Song Dynasties, both quality and quality were high, and the products became popular all over the world under the name of Yue Luo. After the founding of New China, it went through a recovery period, a development period, and a hesitation period. After the reform and opening up, Shaoxing's textile industry began to embark on the road of revival: the voice of machine learning spread throughout urban and rural areas, the textile market dominated Asia, businessmen from five continents gathered across the country, and transaction information radiated around the world. The textile industry, known as the "sunset industry", has become bigger and stronger with the efforts of the people of Shaoxing County. It has made new leaps in design, production, dyeing and finishing, marketing and other aspects and even the entire textile industry, becoming a driving force for The pillar industry of Shaoxing County’s economic development. Building an international textile manufacturing center and an international textile trade center has become a strategic goal for leap-forward development to a new level. From the history of the development of the textile industry, we can see the character and spirit of the people of Shaoxing County who are uncompromising in their goals, perseverance, perseverance, and striving for excellence.
A wine-making culture that is soft on the outside but strong on the inside. Shaoxing is the hometown of rice wine in China and has a long history of brewing. It is said that rice wine existed in ancient Yue during the time of Yu the Great. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, drinking rice wine had become very popular. By the Tang Dynasty, Shaoxing was known as the "Drunken Town"; by the Song Dynasty, Shaoxing had been described as a place with "thousands of wine shops in the city"; by the Qing Dynasty, Shaoxing had become "the most popular place in the world for wine". In Shaoxing, no matter the mountains or plains, towns or villages, in the old days, no matter the families of officials, gentry, or ordinary people in the market, or poor people, they were all associated with and friends with wine; wine has become a product of Shaoxing people. The important content of the activity and the necessities of life, the resulting Shaoxing-specific wine couplets, wine riddles, wine dances, wine songs and music, as well as countless wine legends and wine poems, formed a rich and rich Wine culture. The biggest characteristic of Shaoxing rice wine is that the older the wine gets, the more fragrant it becomes. It is soft and moist in the mouth, but it is also fragrant and mellow in nature and has full stamina. It is very similar to the personality of Shaoxing people who are soft on the outside and strong on the inside.
3. Knowledge about Shaoxing
Jiangnan is very beautiful, and Shaoxing is 90% beautiful! In addition, the following is an allusion about Shaoxing rice wine: Rice wine is a specialty of my country with a history of more than 4,000 years and is one of the oldest beverage wines in the world. The rich wine-making experience of the working people of past generations has brought the quality of rice wine to a high level. Shaoxing wine is the oldest yellow rice wine variety among my country’s famous wines. During the Spring and Autumn Period, in the twenty-sixth year of King Jing of Zhou (494 BC), after the Yue Kingdom was destroyed by the Wu Kingdom, the Yue King Gou Jian, his wife, and the official Fan Li went to the Wu Kingdom to be hostages. They endured humiliation for three years and then used tricks to escape. After returning to the country of Yue, he moved the capital to Kuaiji (Shaoxing). He worked hard and made great efforts to strengthen himself. He appointed Fan Li, Wen Zhong and other advisers and generals to rectify the state affairs. Gather the strength to restore the country and finally make the people rich and the country strong. King Fu Chai of Wu was warlike and dissolute, which led to a shortage of national treasury, desolate fields, and people's livelihood. They also suffered from floods and insect disasters one after another. Year after year of famine, the government of Wu State was in decline, and the people were filled with resentment. In the 38th year of King Zhou Jing's reign, Fu Chai went to Huangchi (southwest of Fengqiu, Henan Province) to make an alliance with the princes to prepare for hegemony with Jin. When Gou Jian found out that the capital of Wu State, Gusu (Suzhou), was empty, he decided to raise troops for revenge, and everyone in the country was gearing up. On the eve of the departure of the army, the soldiers and horses of the Wu State guarding the Yue State were wiped out on the bank of the Kuaiji River (the capital of Shaoxing). The next day, the sun was shining brightly and there was no cloud in the sky. The soldiers on the expedition lined up on the bank of the Kuaiji River, with flags waving, golden drums beating, and the military mighty. Gou Jian said to the fathers and fellow villagers who were seeing him off: "When we raise troops this time, we vow to destroy Wu, otherwise we will not survive." An old man said: "The king sleeps on his fuel and tastes courage, strives for self-improvement, and returns to the country to avenge his shame. This is the wish of the whole country.
I now offer several altars of mash (i.e. Shaoxing wine), please drink from it, and wish you a speedy triumph! In order to let the soldiers on the expedition share the thoughts of the people of the country, Gou Jian ordered several sergeants to carry the wine to the upper reaches of the Kuaiji River and pour it into the river. Suddenly, the water of the Kuaiji River released the fragrance of the wine. After Gou Jian paid tribute to the heaven and the earth, he went with all the soldiers *** Drinking water from the Kuaiji River, all the soldiers cheered loudly: "Avenge the country!" Destroy Wu and restore the country! "The King of Yue bid farewell to his father and fellow villagers, led an army of fifty thousand, three thousand warships, and ten thousand chariots, and attacked Wu by land and water. Gou Jian personally fired the cannon and sounded the drums. The hatred in the hearts of the soldiers for a long time was like a volcano erupting, and everyone fought bravely Killed the enemy and retreated directly to the city of Gusu. In the third year of King Zhou Yuan (473 BC), Wu was defeated in the final battle. Fucha committed suicide and returned to Yue in triumph. The king and the people celebrated together. The Kuaiji River is also called the Kuaiji River. There is a source in the upper reaches of the river, and water flows all year round. In the early years, all the rivers dried up, but this river was also called "Yue". "Liquor" was still called this name until the Qing Dynasty.
4. Knowledge about Shaoxing
Shaoxing is a famous water town and bridge town. When I was a child, I often heard adults say that there are ten towns in the city. The names of the bridges arranged in numbers from 1 to 10: 1.--------Damu Bridge (the big one represents the eldest, i.e. the first) 2.---------Huangni Bridge (Shaoxing people's second and Ni bridge) Homogenous pronunciation) three.---------Three-legged bridge four.---------Luosi Bridge (Shaoxing people have the same pronunciation of "si" and "si") five.---------Carp Bridge ( Shaoxing people Wu Nianyu) Six.---------Fulu Bridge (Lu is the sound of Kai) Seven.---------Qifang Bridge Eight.-------- -Bazi Bridge (now a national cultural heritage site. Well-preserved) 9.---------Jiuwu Bridge (wine is the pronunciation of Kaiji) 10.---------Rihui Bridge (from Shaoxing) Day and ten have the same pronunciation).
5. What kind of culture does Shaoxing have?
Shaoxing bridge culture is a part of Yue culture. Shaoxing is a famous bridge town and bridge capital at home and abroad. "The eternal famous bridge comes out of Yuezhou" "Mountains and lakes are everywhere. Continue the chant of Yuezhou", this is an unmistakable fact. Bridges are the most basic transportation facilities. With bridges, the areas separated by rivers in Shaoxing water towns have formed a unified one. As a whole, the mountains and villages with deep ravines and giant valleys that are not connected to each other due to rushing streams can be connected to each other. It promotes the development of production and social progress, and brings convenience and joy to people's lives. Therefore, building bridges is the voice of the people and is a popular choice. A necessary condition for a prosperous economy and the development of productivity; conversely, each bridge is like a historical monument, showing the economic, cultural and technological strength of Shaoxing in various periods. It not only serves as a building, but also appears in production and daily necessities. Society, and it embodies bridge technology, bridge aesthetics, various literary and artistic styles of bridge chanting, and folk customs and ethics in various places. This combination of the material shell of the bridge and the rich cultural connotation makes it possible to It constitutes Shaoxing’s bridge culture.
The characteristics of Shaoxing’s bridge culture are very distinct. It is the culture of the masses. Bridges are built by the masses, maintained by the masses, and used by the masses. Bridge culture is also created by the masses and appreciated by the masses. , the development of the masses; apart from the masses, there is no such thing as a bridge, and there is no such thing as a bridge culture. It is a practical culture. The bridge is a real and objective construction, so the culture using it as a carrier is also a culture that can be seen, heard, felt and used, not only in contemporary times. People benefit from it, and future generations benefit from it. Bridge culture is a developing culture that is constantly being created. The bridge is static, but people are constantly using it, singing about it, and admiring it from all over the world. Some people describe it with poems and paintings; some use movies and TV shows to express it, some use bridge decorations to beautify it, and some use stories to spread it. As time goes by, the accumulation of bridge culture becomes more and more abundant, which is where the infinite vitality of bridge culture lies. Bridge culture is a multifunctional comprehensive culture. It is the product of the combination of physical matter and abstract ideas. A certain cultural idea is generated on the entity of the bridge, and this cultural idea enriches and enhances the value of the bridge as an entity.
Moreover, compared with wine, tea, and orchids, Shaoxing’s bridges have the characteristics of long physical existence and obvious historical imprints. The resulting value trend is not only the bridge itself but also produces certain social benefits. Therefore, many bridges have become It provides specimens for historical research, a place and actual materials for patriotic education, which was unexpected when the bridge was built. Shaoxing bridge culture has the characteristics of multiple functions and multiple forms. It is not a culture whose content only stays at a certain level. People are amazed by its richness and comprehensiveness.
6. About the traditional culture of Shaoxing
Shaoxing traditional culture Yue Opera Yue Opera is a local opera in Shaoxing.
It originated in the countryside of Shengxian County (now Shengzhou City). Because Shengxian County belonged to Shaoxing Prefecture, it was called Shaoxing Opera in the early days. The rural folk tunes originated from "floor singing" and are called "little singing classes". They only use ruler boards and duk drums for accompaniment, and then gradually add strings and percussion instruments. They are directed by the drum board, and the "du" sound is heard during the performance. Continuously, commonly known as "the Duban".
In the 1920s, Shaoxing literary opera entered Shanghai, and in the late 1930s it was renamed Yue Opera. Exploration and reform were carried out in singing, performance, music and repertoire, and it became a major national opera.
It is good at expressing delicate thoughts and feelings, and its repertoire mostly focuses on love and family themes. Many famous Yue Opera actors have created unique genres based on their respective voice characteristics, which have been inherited and carried forward by young actors.
Huqin has various styles, including Adagio, Medium Tempo, Allegro, Clear Tempo, Inverted Tempo, Cross Tune, Ling Ga Tune, Crying Tune, etc. The singing style is clear, soft, euphemistic and lyrical.
7. Shaoxing’s culture
Black awning boats, black felt hats; social opera, Shao opera, Yue opera; water town, bridge town, wine town, calligraphy town, these are the ancient city of Shaoxing cultural elements.
In 2010, Shaoxing City successfully held major festivals such as the Sixth World Choral Competition, the "Economic Transformation and Urban Interaction" Shanghai World Expo Forum, the 2500th Anniversary Celebration of the City, and successfully applied for the fifth Lu Xun Literature Award. Award Ceremony. By the end of 2010, Shaoxing City had 21 national-level "intangible cultural heritage" projects. Shaoxing City has 6 art performance groups, 125 group art centers and cultural (museum) stations, and the total collection of public libraries is 2.366 million volumes. She opera is a traditional folk entertainment custom popular in Shaoxing. It is a play performed in the spring and autumn seasons in urban and rural areas of Shaoxing to worship the social gods and to reward the gods and pray for blessings.
Social opera originated from the custom of worshiping social gods (land gods) in the rural areas in the spring and autumn. At first, the Spring Society was used to pray for a good harvest, and the Autumn Society was used to celebrate the harvest of the year. Later, it developed into a performance to reward gods and pray for blessings, and then became a folk cultural and entertainment activity. The custom of performing social dramas in Shaoxing was popular as early as the Southern Song Dynasty and was still popular in the late Qing Dynasty. Dayu Ling Kite Festival, Time: March 22-April 15, Location: Kuaiji Mountain
Kuaiji Mountain Cherry Blossom Festival, Time: March 25-April 15, Location: Kuaiji Mountain Cherry Blossom Forest
Lanting International Calligraphy Festival, time: March to April in early March of the lunar calendar every year, location: Lanting
Shaoxing Rice Wine Festival, time: October every year
Public memorial to Dayu, Time: Qingming Festival, Location: Kuaiji Mountain
Celebrating New Year in Lu Xun’s hometown, Time: Lunar New Year, Location: Lu Xun’s Hometown Scenic Area
Kuaiji Food Carnival, Time : Lunar New Year, location: Dayu Mausoleum Scenic Area in Kuaiji Mountain
Houshan Peach Blossom Festival, time: March-April every year, location: Houshan
Keyan Xianglin Osmanthus Festival, time: Golden Autumn Season, place: Xianglin Shaoxing dialect is a dialect of Wu dialect and belongs to Wu dialect Taihu Pian Lin Shao Pian.
Shaoxing dialect is an important part of Shaoxing culture.
8. Shaoxing history and culture, Shaoxing opera culture, Shaoxing tea culture, Shaoxing bridge culture, Shaoxing water culture
Religious culture: In the pre-Qin period, the Shaoxing area was mainly inhabited by the Yue people land.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the large number of Han people from the Central Plains migrating southward and the integration of ethnic groups, the Han people took a dominant position in Shaoxing. At the same time, there are also a small number of ethnic minority residents living in Shaoxing.
After 1978, exchanges between various regions and ethnic groups have increased day by day, and the number of ethnic minority residents in Shaoxing has also increased significantly. Shaoxing is a place where multiple religions coexist and people have diverse religious beliefs.
Taoism spreads earliest. Wei Boyang, an alchemist of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a native of Shangyu, wrote the book "Zhou Yi Shen Tong Qi" with reference to the three theories of "Dayi", "Huang Lao" and "Luhuo". It was the first time to systematically discuss Taoist alchemy. He was hailed as the "Eternal King of Alchemy" by later generations. "; In the first year of Jianwu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317), Ge Hong, the famous Taoist theorist who wrote "Baopuzi", once stayed in Kuaiji and practiced alchemy.
Later Indian Buddhism was introduced to Kuaiji. During the Zhongping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (184~189), An Shigao, an eminent monk from Parthia (now Iran), came to Kuaiji to spread Buddhism.
Since then, eminent monks have emerged in large numbers in Shaoxing, and there are many famous temples. Among the eminent monks, Huijiao, a historian of Liang Buddhism, Jiaxiang Master Jizang, the founder of the Sanlunzong in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chengguan, the fourth ancestor of the Huayan Sect in the Tang Dynasty, and Dongshan Liangji, the founder of the Caodong Sect in the Five Dynasties are the most famous; various sects such as Huayan Sect, Vinaya Sect, Pure Land Sect, and Tantric Sect are the most famous. , Sanlunzong, Zen, etc. are all spread in the territory.
In the Tang Dynasty, Yuezhou became an important venue for Buddhist activities in the south of the Yangtze River and a station for external exchanges. Among the "eight Japanese sects who entered the Tang Dynasty", Saicho, Ennin, Enzhen, and Kukai all came to Yuezhou. After studying the Dharma, he returned to his country to found and propagate the sect, which had a profound influence on Japanese Buddhism. In 1982, the Japanese Kukai delegation came to Shaoxing to trace their roots and ancestors, leaving a good story in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many famous Buddhist temples within the territory were renovated, some famous masters were promoted to lectures, and major Buddhist activities were held one after another; Taoism was nearly annihilated; Christianity and the Catholic Church were freed from the control of foreign church forces. Through the revolutionary movement of patriotism and education, healthy development has been achieved. There are more than 50,000 religious believers in the city, accounting for about 1% of the total population.
2, including 4.43 million Christians, 365 Catholics, 252 Buddhist monks and nuns, and about 1 Three Conversion believers.
250,000; there are 18 patriotic organizations of various religions and levels in the city, and 218 activity venues of various religions. Believers work, live and participate in religious activities in various fields, love their country and religion, and feel happy.