Wanliutang classical Chinese

1. Seek classical Chinese and translate the original text:

In the past, people were particularly rich, but they often entertained themselves for other museums. Civil engineering was particularly poor and they didn't cherish anything. Once established, you can't live in it for a long time, you can only live occasionally, and you can't come for life. And those who have lived in it for a long time are not strong enough to think. The husband, the virtuous, the public and the official are diligent in the affairs of the king, which will be overwhelmed, while the humble and mediocre people want to get rid of the ignorance of their village.

Feng Gong, the prime minister of Linqu, has a garden in the southeast corner of Beijing. It is 30 mu wide and has no miscellaneous trees. With the height of the terrain, willows are planted, and its hall is called "Qianliutang". Beyond the low wall, cyclists can see it. Among them, the path is winding and deep, because it is a pool, and its soil is tired into mountains. The pool is surrounded by mountains, and the clouds and waters are lovely.

In the early years of Yongzheng, from the capital, being a good traveler was Popo's victory. As soon as I arrived, there was a small pavilion. Then, those who flew to it and put the beam on the water are now lying in the water. Third, the willows they planted will not survive.

The glory of world wealth, its ups and downs with the times, covers and gardens. However, if a scholar is complacent, it is also right to envy wealth. Those who live rich have more worries than enough, so why bother to bury the people's ointment for the garden?

Translation:

In the past, when people were extremely rich, they often had to build villas for their own enjoyment and strive for exquisiteness in architectural art at all costs. After the completion, they can't often live in villas, but they have been there once by accident, and some people have never been there in their lives. And those who can live in it can't build villas. In fact, those virtuous officials and doctors are busy with national affairs, so they have no time to deal with these things. Only those vulgar and greedy people mostly want to brag to those ignorant people in their hometown by building luxury villas, which makes them shocked.

When Feng Pu, the prime minister of Kangxi Dynasty and Linqu, was in power, there was nothing to blame or praise except a villa garden in the southeast corner of the city. The area of the garden is 30 mu, and there is not a miscellaneous tree in the garden. With the height of the terrain, all kinds of willows have been planted, so the hall in the garden is inscribed with "the hall of ten thousand willows" Outside the low wall, everyone passing by by by bike can see it. The winding path in the garden leads to the depths. Use the low-lying moor in the park to build ponds and pile up soil to make fake mountains. The pond is full of reeds, and the clouds and the water are scattered, which set each other off and are very lovely.

In the early years of Yongzheng, I just arrived in Beijing, and all my friends who love to play introduced me to the scenic spots of Wanliutang. The first time I went to Wanliutang, there were still some pavilions. When I arrived for the second time, Gao Qiao, who used to fly on the water, was already lying in the water; When I came for the third time, all the willows planted in the garden were cut down, leaving none.

The glory of wealth in the world always rises and falls with time, probably like this Wanliutang Garden. Then, if the scholar-officials can understand something by themselves, they should stop enviing wealth. Those who are already rich should be deeply worried. How can they plunder the people's fat and build a garden? !

2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the question 1 1~ 14: the beginning of Yongzheng/the beginning of the First Division of Beijing/then the good traveler becomes a victory here in Popo (2 points) Question 1: (1) Topic (2) Pond. Today, there are still some pavilions and waterside pavilions in Wanliutang. Gao Qiao, who once parachuted on the water, has been lying in the water; All the willows planted in the garden seem to have been cut down, and there is not one left. (3 points) Title 1: It reveals the truth that "the glory of the world wealth, which rises and falls with the times, is slightly different from this garden". It satirizes those who are rich and lustful, and exhorts literati not to covet wealth, not to rob the rich to help the poor, not to rob the rich to build a garden, and to entertain themselves. (3 points)

leave out

3. Visiting Wanliutang I remember that Liu Dakui used to be extremely rich, so he often entertained himself for other museums. The poor make a mountain out of a molehill 1:B make a mountain out of a molehill 2:BC make a mountain out of a molehill 3: ① Those talented officials and doctors are too busy with state affairs to take care of such things at all.

(2) The splendor of the world is always ups and downs with time, probably like this Wanliutang Garden. Question 4: (1) Wealth is an external thing and cannot be relied on for a long time.

(2) Politicians should remain uncorrupted and should not plunder the people's ointment for their own enjoyment. Comments: Zhi, Yu, Yi, Qi, Wei, Nai, Yan and so on. We should classify and accumulate these function words according to their different usages and example sentences, and then we can safely complete the function words.

Students may wish to remember the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese through cards. Question 3: Analysis of test questions: When translating (1) sentence, pay attention to "husband refers to those things, which are actually fundamental things, and leisure refers to leisure, so it is called existence", so as to keep the whole sentence smooth and complete.

When translating the second sentence, pay attention to "time is time, cover is general meaning, and equality is the same" to keep the whole sentence smooth and complete. Comments: Classical Chinese translation is a necessary question for reading classical Chinese.

The standard of classical Chinese translation is three words: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. For junior high school students, it is very good to be able to meet the first two standards of "faithfulness" (accuracy) and "fluency".

Because the senior high school entrance examination requires literal translation of classical Chinese, it pays attention to the implementation of every word, especially the understanding of key words and the judgment of special sentence patterns. Question 4: Analysis of test questions: Through the ups and downs of Wanliutang Garden, this paper aims to tell people (1) that ups and downs are impermanent, and they don't have to care too much about personal wealth, let alone plunder people's cream to satisfy their selfish desires.

Comments: To understand the main idea of the article, we must first understand the main content of the article, and then analyze the purpose of the author's choice of these materials to conceive the full text according to the content area of the article.

4. Visiting Wanliutang I remember that Liu Dakui used to be extremely rich, but he often entertained himself for other museums and made a mountain out of a molehill1:b.

Question 2: BC

Question 3: ① Those talented officials and doctors are too busy with national affairs to care about these things at all. (2) The splendor of the world is always ups and downs with time, probably like this Wanliutang Garden.

Question 4: (1) Wealth is an external thing and cannot be relied on for a long time. (2) Politicians should remain uncorrupted and should not plunder the people's ointment for their own enjoyment.

Question 1: test analysis: B. Nothing to say (like).

Comments: The most common form of proposition is to specify a few words in the text for students to explain. Words that need to be explained are generally common substantive words, such as interchangeable words, polysemy, ancient and modern different meanings, flexible use of parts of speech and so on. These are often the focus of the proposition, and of course they should also be the focus of students' preparation.

Question 2: Test analysis: A, but only, B, relying on, C, emphasizing, D, building as. According to the meaning of the question, you should choose b and C.

Comments: Zhi, Yu, Yi, Qi, Wei, Nai, Yan and so on. We should classify and accumulate these function words according to their different usages and example sentences, and then we can safely complete the function words. Students may wish to remember the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese through cards.

Question 3: Analysis of test questions: When translating (1) sentence, pay attention to "husband refers to those things, which are actually fundamental things, and leisure refers to leisure, so it is called existence", so as to keep the whole sentence smooth and complete. When translating the second sentence, pay attention to "time is time, cover is general meaning, and equality is the same" to keep the whole sentence smooth and complete.

Comments: Classical Chinese translation is a necessary question for reading classical Chinese. The standard of classical Chinese translation is three words: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. For junior high school students, it is very good to be able to meet the first two standards of "faithfulness" (accuracy) and "fluency". Because the senior high school entrance examination requires literal translation of classical Chinese, it pays attention to the implementation of every word, especially the understanding of key words and the judgment of special sentence patterns.

Question 4: Analysis of test questions: Through the ups and downs of Wanliutang Garden, this paper aims to tell people (1) that ups and downs are impermanent, and they don't have to care too much about personal wealth, let alone plunder people's cream to satisfy their selfish desires.

5. Translate the original of "Years Out of Tangji" in classical Chinese:

In the Song Dynasty, the Duke of Ewing Jian loved Sun Xingguo's "Sui Chu Fu" and named his temple "Sui Chu", which was given by chongling and located at the foot of Jiulong Mountain in Wuxi today. Fourteen grandsons, the word Ye Shu, asked where the site was. Since he intends to build a new church under the sun in the mountains with his intention, he still takes "Sui Chu" as a flat, and the rest asks for books.

According to the prosperity of the public, the taste is hidden, the wild scenery is indulged, and there is lofty ambition, so it is endowed. Later, he was involved in the journey across the world, which violated his kindness and was ridiculed by Huan Wen. According to the Gregorian calendar, Wen Jian was an official of the Three Dynasties, and he was the master's teacher. He is too old to walk, but take Sui Chu as an example, if there is any difference. Yesterday, the followers of Yi Yin, Fu Shuo and Lv Wang started farming and fishing in Xu Yi, and with the help of consulting the master of Zhou Dynasty, they finally failed to find the idea of hiding. It is true that the ancient wisdom is enlightened. However, when he retired in his later years, Duke Zhou left him and said, "You know, I am the king, and I am taking this big life, but I am the king of literature, and I have no sympathy." At that time, all the monarchs and ministers knew. After the gentleman, not after the past, but righteousness is not allowed to be an official. It's already obvious, or maybe it's not doing its best, but it can't be driven away. However, the so-called intermediary will not change with the world, although the position of the three fairs and the position of the ten thousand bells cannot be settled in one day. Its great ambition should be seen between the lines at the right time, but some people can't help themselves. When Emperor You of Song Dynasty was in charge of peace, Duke Ouyang ascended the throne of both houses, and his fate was not too long. Today, I read the records of his poems "Ying Si" and "Returning to the Field", and I know that the public is uneasy about his position. After Kuang, although filial piety was heroic and Guangzong was in power, it was far from the rule of Song Dynasty. However, in the last few years in chongling, he was in a trance and intervened in the political affairs, and some people could not win the current political affairs. Although the two gentlemen's words have been carried out in the court, people in this world can't say ignorance, but they can't be quiet. This is the ambition of Mr. Gai.

It has been 400 years since the public died, but Uncle Ye Can restored the old building and the structure is still intact. In Wuxi, the southern literati entered the Jingshi tunnel, and everyone who passed by went to the hall, so they could still see the official punishment. And reading the rest of the words, you can't generalize in the middle.

Translation (for reference):

You Mao ("Wen Jian" in posthumous title), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once loved Sun Chuo's Fu at the Beginning of Sui Dynasty in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so he named his study "Sui Chu", and Zhao Dun (who was buried in Yong chongling after his death) wrote a plaque and gave it to him, which now exists at the foot of Jiulong Mountain in Wuxi. The 14th grandson of Sun Xinggong (Sun Chuo), whose name is Ye Shu, was looking for the site of Sui Chutang, but no one knew where it was. According to his own guess, it should be at the southern foot of Jiulong Mountain, so he built a new book hall, still taking the early years as a plaque, and wrote to ask me to take notes (stylistically).

According to Sun Chuo's seclusion in Huiji, wild scenery and lofty aspirations, he made this assignment. However, the worldly experience he experienced later violated his long-standing preference and was ridiculed by Constant Temperature. You Mao served as an official for three dynasties and owed a lot to the emperor. When he is old, he is not allowed to leave the court. Comparing Sui Chu Fu, he thinks there are many incomparable places. In ancient times, farmers and fishermen like Yi Yin, Fu Shuo and Jiang Ziya, who had nothing, came to assist the Shang and Zhou monarchs and never thought about seclusion all their lives. In ancient times, those people whose ambitions were satisfied and their ideals were realized were like this. Only when Ji's family in Zhao Gong of the Zhou Dynasty retired from his hometown, the Duke of Zhou asked him to stay, saying, "It is only in line with this destiny that you are wise and wise to assist the king, only that the king of Wen has virtue, regardless of territory, and inherit and take care of him." The relationship between monarch and minister at that time can be imagined. Later gentlemen, without the fate of the ancients, were morally ready to resign. By the time he has become a prominent figure, he may not have made the best use of it, and the situation can't leave immediately. However, the so-called unshakable among them finally refused to change with the world. Although he is in the position of three public officials, his heart can't be stable for a day. Their lofty aspirations can only be expressed in words and words from time to time, and some people can't control their behavior. During the period of Emperor Youdi and Emperor Zhiping of the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu ascended the official position of the two dynasties, and his fate could not be said to be bad. Now, if you read his poems "Ying Si" and "Returning to the Field", you will know that he is really uneasy about these official positions. Moreover, after the establishment of Du Nan (Southern Song Dynasty), although there was filial piety, the overall situation of Guangzong was far from that of the prosperous Song Dynasty. In the last years of Guangzong, he was terminally ill, and his harem was loyal to the party, all of which interfered in state affairs. These things could not be done at that time. Although the views of Youmao and others are well known in the imperial court, the emperor can't say that he doesn't know, but it can't be quiet. This is the ambition of a gentleman.

You Mao has been dead for 400 years, and the people can restore the old appearance of Chuchutang, but it is still the same. Wuxi is the passage for southern literati to enter Beijing. Passers-by can imagine his exemplary appearance when he enters Sui Chutang. And after reading my words, they can't have no feelings in their hearts.

6. Tao Hongjing (AD 456-536), a translation of the ancient prose "Biography of Tao Hongjing in the South", was born in Moling County, Danyang County (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province) and lived in seclusion in Huayang in his later years.

When his mother dreamed that a dragon flew out of her arms, she saw two people coming to her house with censers in their hands, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to Tao Hongjing. But the dragon she saw had no tail and flew into the sky alone.

It is said that this indicates that Tao Hongjing will never get married or have children. Tao Hongjing has a distinct personality and ambition since he was a child.

At the age of six, he could understand the books he read and write articles. When I was seven years old, I read thousands of books, such as The Book of Filial Piety, Shi Mao and The Analects of Confucius.

Later, when he was ten years old, a fellow countryman got a copy of The Legend of Immortals written by Ge Hong in the Jin Dynasty. After seeing fairy stories such as Eight Duke of Huainan, I sighed: "Reading this book will make people have the heart of high aspirations and the ambition to cultivate immortals and learn Taoism."

So he studied and explored the things in this book day and night, and made up his mind to cultivate immortality and learn Taoism. He once said to people, "If you look up at the blue sky, white clouds and the sun, you won't feel as far away as before."

When he grew up, he was seven feet four inches tall, handsome, beautiful in appearance, bright in eyes, wide in brow, long in ears and exquisite in figure. He has read more than 10,000 books, and is good at playing the piano and chess, cursive script and official script.

In March of the third year of Song's reign (AD 479), Qi Gaozu became prime minister. At that time, when he was only in his twenties, he was recommended as a "servant of the king" and was later awarded the official position of "Please serve the court" (you can attend court meetings regularly).

Although he lives under the door of power, he always hides himself, does not deal with outsiders, and only reads books every day. In the imperial court, most things about etiquette and laws are decided by him.

Tao Hongjing was originally a man who didn't want wealth and always wanted to resign and retire. He once said in a letter to relatives and friends: "I am no longer alive, but I am forty years old and determined to be a mountain."

Today is thirty-six, so I can't borrow ... "In the tenth year of Yongming (AD 492), he really asked the emperor to resign and abdicate. The emperor approved his request by imperial decree and gave him bundles of silk as a gift.

When he left, North Korean officials, officials and scholars came to the Lu Zheng Pavilion to say goodbye to him, and set up many curtains for him and held a grand farewell banquet. There are too many cars and horses to go there, and they are crowded with each other, blocking the road.

People say that this has never happened since the Song and Qi Dynasties. People inside and outside the government feel that he is honored.

He lived in seclusion in Jurong County (now southwest Jiangsu, across Jurong, Jintan and other counties) and lived in Qushan. He often said: "At the foot of this mountain is the eighth cave palace, which is called the Huayang Day in Jintan and is surrounded by a border of 150 miles.

During the Han Dynasty, there were three armed forces (Mao Ying and his two younger brothers) in Xianyang. They were later in charge of this mountain, so they were also called Maoshan. "So he built a house halfway up the mountain and called himself" Huayang lived in seclusion ".

At first, he learned from Sun Youyue in Dongyang County, such as Fu Lu and Tu Shuo, and Taoism. Later, he traveled all over the famous mountains in search of fairy medicine.

Whenever he passes through mountains and valleys, he will sit or lie down, recite poems and compose poems, and wander for a long time, and his excitement is hard to calm down. He especially likes the sound of Songtao lapping on the shore.

As soon as he heard Song Tao's bell, he couldn't help feeling happy. Sometimes he goes to mountain springs and rocks alone, and people who see him from afar think he is a fairy.

At that time, Shen Yue, a famous writer and historian in Southern Dynasties and the originator of China phonology, worked as a county magistrate in Dongyang County. Out of respect for his ambition and moral integrity, Shen Yue wrote several times to invite him to be an official, but he never accepted.

Liang Wudi once wrote to Tao Hongjing: "What's in the mountains?" The implication is that there is nothing in the mountains, so it is better to be an official and have everything. Tao Hongjing wrote "Ask all poems in the mountains": "What is in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountain.

It's a pity that white clouds can only be pleasing to the eye, but it's not easy to send them to you personally! "Cleverly expressed his unwillingness to be an official, disdaining the elegant ambition of interacting with people at that time. This poem is fluent, with plain language but profound connotation.

Since then, the poetry articles of later generations have linked Baiyun and hermits more closely. White clouds wander, come and go without a trace, free and unimpeded, like elegant hermits.

On another occasion, when Liang Wudi asked him to be an official, he simply drew two cows, one walking freely in the grass and the other wearing a golden halter, led by a rope and driven by a stick. Liang Wudi also smiled, knowing that he would never come out to be an official, and dismissed the idea of forcing him to be an official.

In the early years of Yongyuan (AD 499-500), a three-story residence was built in Tao Hongjing. He lives on the upper floor, his disciples live on the middle floor, and the visiting guests live on the lower floor.

Since then, he has been isolated from the world, leaving only one servant to wait on him. Zhai was in prison for four years (AD 505), and he moved to live.

Liang Wudi Xiao Yan used to have a good friendship with him. After he ascended the throne, he was even more blessed. Letters kept coming, up to several letters a month, and envoys or officials were often sent to visit him, and gifts were often given to him. Whenever the country encounters good or ill luck, conquering and other major events, it will send people to consult him, so people at that time called him "the prime minister in the mountains."

Tao Hongjing is modest and prudent, reasonable but not rigid, and naturally conforms to etiquette whether he is in office or in seclusion. His mind is as clear as a mirror, and he can know everything at once.

The way he speaks is not complicated, and if he says it, he can immediately detect it. He is naturally fond of writing books, advocating strangeness and cherishing natural scenery. The older you get, the deeper you love.

Especially good at yin and yang, five elements, wind angle (good or bad depends on the wind with five tones occupying four directions), astrology, mountain geography, four-way products and traditional Chinese medicine. The Emperor's Calendar, written by him, once created a confusing phenomenon, saying that it was "necessary for monasticism, not just historians".

Tao Hongjing biography (1) Tao Hongjing word is bright, Linglin Danyang people also. Teenagers have different exercises. At the age of four or five, they always draw gray middle school books with harvest as the pen.

And the dragon, after reading more than 10 thousand volumes, knows nothing, and I feel very ashamed. Not weak.

7. Classical Chinese translation of Tao Hongjing's Biography of Southern History: Tao Hongjing (AD 456-536), whose name is Ming, lived in seclusion in Huayang in his later years and was from Moling County, Danyang County (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).