The task of philosophy is not only to give us wisdom, but also to give us a detached attitude towards life.
A person's life is inseparable from the life of the world of mortals, but he can never surpass life by blindly ups and downs in the secular world.
Su Dongpo said: "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain." People are confused and anxious because we are too close to the world of mortals, or we regard ourselves as a speck in the world of mortals and can't get rid of it.
Life needs some transcendental consciousness.
The so-called transcendence of consciousness means living in life and standing outside life.
In the cultural history of China, it was probably the Wei and Jin Dynasties that were the best at transcending the impermanence of posture and artistic charm.
Celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties are best at making boring days interesting. They like to use the art of life to shape artistic life.
The transcendental consciousness in Wei-Jin demeanor comes from Laozi's "Although he has a view of honor, Yan is transcendent", and more from Zhuangzi's "theory of uniformity" and the ideal of "carefree travel".
Zhuangzi advocated that people should take the attitude of flying against the wind and strive to get rid of the fetters of life. When you look down on life from a spiritual height, you may enter a state of transcendence; When you use a detached and broad-minded state of mind, "spring with things", get rid of the restrictions of things and "non-things", don't be confused about life and death, and don't be confused about the success or failure of honor and disgrace, you will realize the existence of * * * and heaven and earth. Zhuangzi called this realm "carefree travel".
People can't leave life, but they can go beyond life and turn ordinary days into meaningful aesthetic activities. Turning life into aesthetics is probably the highest realm of life.
In order to live an interesting life, people need to have some hobbies. Life without hobbies will be boring.
The great calligrapher Wang Xizhi likes geese. Attention! I don't like eating geese, but I like their elegant manners. He integrated the walking posture of geese into the calligraphy art of "floating like clouds, not afraid of dragons", and achieved the reputation of "book sage". Wang Xizhi appreciates the posture of geese and creates beautiful art, which is a life attitude beyond aesthetics. If Wang Xizhi directly kills the goose and eats it, what's the difference between him and a gourmet who likes Dongshan old goose?
Wang Xianzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, likes bamboo. It is almost impossible to live without a gentleman for a day. He borrowed someone else's house for a few days and planted bamboo; Walking, I saw that the yard was full of bamboo, and no one was watching. This addiction profoundly influenced later generations of literati. Su Dongpo said that "no meat can be eaten, no bamboo can live, no meat can be thin, and no bamboo can be vulgar". You know, Su Dongpo is a fat man who likes to eat meat, but he prefers the charm of bamboo, which is an artistic attitude to appreciate life.
Zhang Chao, a Ming Dynasty man, said, "Flowers can't be without butterflies, mountains can't be without springs, stones can't be without moss, water can't be without algae, trees can't be without vines and people can't be without addiction." Some elegant hobbies can make life look artistic.
Giving labor a sense of ceremony and art is also a way to transcend life, and Ji Kang, a famous celebrity, is a master in this respect.
Strike while the iron is heavy physical labor, and the smell of fireworks and sweat is not beautiful. And Mr. Ji Kang made an idol drama while the iron was hot, which became the most popular performing art in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and made a large number of fans watch Ji Kang while the iron was hot every day.
Ji Kang set his workshop under the big willow tree in front of his house and sprinkled water in the yard in summer, which was very cool. Ji Kang used a hammer to strike the iron, and another famous soldier named Xiang Xiula pulled the bellows. Where there is fire everywhere, Ji Kang's bronzed skin shines in the sun, and his eight-pack abdominal muscles make Ji Kang very sexy.
Ji Kang's strike while the iron is hot is purely aesthetic, and he will never accept money. As long as someone brings food and drink, he and his friends push a cup under the big tree for a change, talk about life and change their tastes. Life is so artistic!
Tao Yuanming can turn dull labor into poetry.
Tao Yuanming is a rare real hermit in the history of China. There are many hermits in the history of China, but most of them pretend to live in seclusion. Only Tao Yuanming can really put himself back in the countryside and enjoy the art of life in weeding and planting land and enjoying chrysanthemums in Dongli.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Tao Yuanming's pastoral beauty transcends the scope of ordinary farming labor. He threw himself into nature without hesitation and felt the idyllic beauty when the smoke filled the air. Feel the freedom of life in the noise of cock crowing and dog barking. "You can only return to nature if you are locked in a cage for a long time" is a meaningful metaphor of Tao Yuanming, and a cage is a secular life. Nature is an artistic life higher than life.
After returning home, Tao Yuanming and his poems entered the realm of unity of things and me. This realm is the art of life, and it is the peach garden that loves the art of life. This kind of artistic enjoyment, in Tao Yuanming's view, is hard to say:
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
In the process of supporting himself, Tao Yuanming felt more transcendence. Because "the heart is far from being biased." The so-called seclusion does not necessarily mean finding a place where no one is hiding. In the Tang Dynasty, many fake hermits hid in the fairy tale of Zhongnanshan and thought about the world of mortals in the temple.
Therefore, a real hermit is actually a hermit, actually transcending life, or taking life as art. Tao Yuanming achieved the unity of things and me in his work, which is the highest realm of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's philosophy, as well as the highest realm of artistic life and artistic life.
In order to make life artistic, we must live an artistic life.
Celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties sang wine songs, traveled around the mountains and talked with each other, and literati and gentlemen merged into the art of life. It is no accident that the most famous elegant collections in China's history appeared twice in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which is the necessity of pursuing transcendence and artistic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Shi Chong, a millionaire and poet robber, organized a "Golden Valley Poetry Society" with more than 30 celebrities participating. They "climbed up the mountain or sat by the water, playing the piano." Every poem is about writing your own feelings, otherwise you will be punished for three fights. " More famous and elegant than "Jingu Poetry Society" is the Collection of Lanting Elegant. Wang Xizhi and celebrities are naturally interested in Qushui. At that moment, Lanting was probably the place with the highest artistic concentration in the history of China. In the sparkling spring on the third day of March, Lanting is full of rich wine fragrance and meaningful poetry.
At this time, life became art, and art became life.