-About the choice of inscriptions-
First, the principle of individuality. The choice of inscription and postscript is related to the establishment of aesthetic orientation and style and individual language in the future, so we must analyze our own conditions, especially our own aesthetic hobbies, brushwork, mind and so on. We should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and what is suitable is the best. Therefore, in learning, especially in every key learning stage, we should carefully choose the mode.
Second, the classic principle. Take the law, you will get it, and take the law, you will get it. Vision determines method, and method determines taste and style, which comes from classics. Learning classics is the only way to improve our artistic vision. China's calligraphy art is different from other visual arts. It has its relatively closed and independent development system and evaluation criteria, and its whole system is like a big tree. Taking cursive script as an example, the Erwang series is the root vein and trunk of the cursive script system, while Sun, Mi Fei and others are like branches of each part. If you take some so-called classics with strong personality and weird style, it is equivalent to absorbing nutrition from the details of trees, and its development space can be imagined. However, if direct learning does not conform to the current so-called famous calligraphy, or directly abandon tradition and classics to engage in so-called innovation, such learning is tantamount to drawing nutrition from weeds or thorns next to big trees, completely divorced from the whole system, and will definitely fall into wild ways and magic ways. Therefore, learning seal must be called Qing seal, learning seal must be called Tang stele Jin seal, and learning official script must be called Qin and Han dynasties. You should know that you can be elegant and refined.
Linli seal script
Third, the principle of sequence. From the perspective of calligraphy learning, starting with regular script, then running script, and then cursive script, the so-called running in front of the station. This traditional order of learning books from easy to difficult, first static and then dynamic, is the consensus we have always formed. However, under special circumstances, we can not stick to this order. If a beginner especially dislikes regular script and prefers running script, if he insists on practicing regular script, he may lose interest and eventually fail to learn calligraphy. It is advisable to start with running script, supplemented by correct learning methods, and it is not unreasonable to supplement regular script later after reaching a certain level. In short, the selection order should be combined with the problems to be solved and the goals to be achieved in each learning stage.
In addition, about the learning order of seal script and regular script in static characters. As a beginner, his primary goal is to be familiar with tools, correct posture, change habits, and experience using pens. In particular, mastering the sensitivity and stability of the center's movements as soon as possible, spreading and adjusting the pen, and being familiar with the performance characteristics of pen, ink and paper are the keys to effective and in-depth learning. The author thinks that it is the best choice to start with seal script. Because the brushwork of seal script is relatively simple, mainly centered on translation, and the structure is relatively simple, so that beginners can lay a solid foundation on the most basic techniques. With the foundation of seal script, you can go to official script or regular script to solve the richness and change of brushwork. For example, official script is based on the translation of brush strokes, while regular script emphasizes lifting pressure on this basis. This is of great development significance for choosing the right main attack direction until the final personality style is formed. This also conforms to the development process of brushwork from easy to difficult and from simple to complex.
Lin Leimeng's seal script of Linqing people
About the way of copying—
From the way of copying, there are two categories: copying and copying. There are methods such as "double hook" (hook), "Xiang Tuo" (shadow book) and "hard yellow" (wax book). Realistic, meaningful and so on.
The so-called description is to cover the post with translucent paper and write it word by word, which is also called "painting red". The so-called "double hook", that is, first hook out the hollow characters with a fine pen, and then fill in the ink, is also called "hook in".
The so-called "Xiang Tuo" is that people sit in a dark room with paper on the window and copy it by reflection and transmission. It is also called "shadow book".
The so-called "hard yellow" means that yellow wax is evenly coated on paper, heated and cooled before being copied on the mask model, commonly known as "wax book". Because copying is relatively complicated, few people pay attention to the kung fu of copying in calligraphy learning at present, even if copying is done in red. In fact, copying is a very important learning method in calligraphy learning. Copying is not only easy for beginners to master the writing method, word potential and composition in the primary stage, but also can completely correct the original writing and writing habits. At the same time, because they pay less attention to fonts and typography, they can have more energy to observe and study the outline of stippling, understand the subtle changes of ancient pen movements, and accumulate detailed image information for further copying.
The so-called pro is to put the post on the left or in front and write on it. There are mainly faithful copying, analytical copying, impression copying and comprehensive copying, which are the main methods of calligraphy learning.
In learning, Linshu and imitation also have their own advantages and disadvantages. Jiang Kui made it very clear: "Linshu is easy to lose the status of the ancients, but it is more meaningful to the ancients; Copying books is easy to get the position of the ancients, but it loses the meaning of the ancients. " Therefore, it is best to combine as needed in learning.
Lin Zhiyong kaishu
About the process of replication—
What are the links in the replication process? What are the requirements of these links? Learning calligraphy requires understanding the process of copying. We think that the most important and effective copying for beginners is faithful copying. Here, we will focus on the process of faithful replication.
The first is preparation. First of all, we should prepare corresponding writing tools according to the model, especially the choice of paper and pen, and we must prepare suitable paper and pen according to the style and characteristics of the model; Secondly, in order to enter the state of dialogue and communication with the ancients as soon as possible, we must adjust our writing posture, mentality and emotions, and try our best to be relaxed, focused, calm and calm.
The second is the analysis link. After making the above preparations, you can't start writing immediately. Be sure to analyze carefully before you put pen to paper, or you can call it reading posts. The content of the analysis can be carried out according to the purpose of replication. If it is to solve the problem of word copying of basic brushwork and typesetting, word analysis can be carried out according to the principle of overall observation and local analysis. That is to say, first observe the overall characteristics of a single word, such as the overall thick or thin, the Fiona Fang and width of the font, and the vertical and horizontal sides of the word potential. With the concept of the whole, we enter the local analysis of stippling, such as straightness, thickness, length, skew, density, reality and so on. Finally, we will analyze the pen characteristics of each stippling, especially the subtle changes in the outline of stippling, so as to understand the actions used by the ancients in completing these stippling, such as hiding, turning, lifting, tripping, spreading, adjusting the front, and even the speed and rhythm.
If we focus on the overall atmosphere and composition of the work, we should also follow the principle of overall observation and local analysis. First of all, we should feel the style characteristics of the whole article, such as the overall massiness, elegance, arbitrariness and elegance, such as the density, ups and downs, peace and emptiness of the composition. Then it analyzes the specific characteristics that make up this feeling, such as the size, thickness and side length of the font, the density and opening and closing of word-to-word connection, the coherence, disconnection and swing of the axis, the insertion, avoidance and retraction of line-to-line and other detailed characteristics.
Lin de ting tie
Finally, writing and adjustment. With the above analysis, you can have a clear idea and a clear goal when you start writing. At this time, you just need to express what you feel in the analysis with appropriate tools and accurate techniques as much as possible. That is to say, in the process of copying, we can achieve what we usually call "hand in hand", "eye to eye" and "heart to heart" through "analysis", "observation" and "hands-on", and realize complete text expression. Of course, this expression cannot be achieved overnight, so the adjustment link is particularly important.
Adjustment means comparison, reanalysis, re-experience, error correction, re-comparison ... countless times. This is the process from birth to maturity, from difficult to easy, from blunt to natural. When your muscles and fingers control the movements of the brush, freely express the details and characteristics you feel and understand, and these movements can be integrated into your natural writing, that is the ideal state we yearn for and strive for!
-About the stage of replication-
The first stage is the non-ego stage, that is, the beginner stage. The main purpose is to be familiar with all kinds of writing tools, master the correct posture, correct and get rid of the original writing habits, and at the same time establish a preliminary concept of calligraphy elements such as brushwork, calligraphy, composition, pen and ink, so as to create a better collection of characters.
Copying at this stage is faithful copying, which requires the writing subject to be completely passive, trying to prevent the intervention of self-awareness and original writing experience, and emphasizing obedience and self-absence. Therefore, the method of copying can be combined with practical methods, such as "painting red" and "double hook", so as to be accurate and simple. At the same time, choose a writing tool close to the ancients, pay attention to the experience of simulating pen gesture, speed rhythm and pen and ink expression, restore the writing state of the ancients as much as possible, and let the subject fully integrate into the tablet. This is an extremely important, but relatively difficult and long-term stage. Many beginners lack enough patience and understanding, or give up halfway or are eager to create, which leads to various learning problems.
In order to enhance the confidence and interest in learning, and to avoid the phenomenon of poor and disjointed creation in the future, it is suggested that beginners who have mastered certain writing skills can be interspersed with some training in word set creation. The creation of word set is to find out certain contents from copybooks one by one, and try to combine the radicals of other words when encountering words that are not in copybooks (of course, you can also refer to copybooks and copybooks, but you can't rely on them completely). When creating, we should pay special attention to the overall composition, style, brushwork and rhythm, and initially establish the aesthetic feeling of complete calligraphy works.
Lin's seventeen posts
The second stage is the stage of having me. After a long period of faithful copying, the original writing habits of learners have been corrected to some extent, and the coordination of eyes, brain and hands has been further strengthened. They have a better grasp of the accuracy and familiarity of template copying and can create a relatively skilled word set. At this time, the intervention of subjective consciousness has begun to have a strong demand, and they can enter the self-study stage. My copying at this stage is analytical copying, which is carried out on the basis of faithful copying, and is a further deepening of faithful copying, that is, in-depth and detailed analysis of the model, thus expanding the copying depth and finally achieving the purpose of knowing the original post by heart and getting it easily. At the same time, you can skillfully copy the style characteristics and breath style of the original post.
In analyzing and copying, the subject intervenes in calligraphy learning with rational analysis, which is more strict and harsh than faithful copying. Mainly through analysis, induction, comparison, summary and other ways to analyze the model in detail. In addition, through the analysis and induction of the characteristics of the same author's works in different periods, we can understand the law of unity of change, thus expanding the artistic vision.
With the accurate copying of templates, the mastery of proficiency and style characteristics is further strengthened, and the corresponding creation at this time is called copying creation. In other words, for any poetry content, we can basically imitate the creation with template brushwork, knot words and composition. Although individual writing and composition are not completely equivalent to templates, the breath and brushwork of the works are completely the face of the templates we have learned, and we have mastered the skills and styles of the original posts skillfully and fluently.
The third stage is the free stage. At this time, the self-consciousness of the calligraphy subject is expanding day by day, and copying has changed from faithful imitation to impression copying with subjective understanding and experience input. This is the copying stage of self-seeking, and also the beginning of free creation and the final establishment of personal artistic language. Therefore, impression copying at this time has the characteristics of selectivity, autonomy and diversity, and the calligraphy subject will consciously adjust and change the template according to his own aesthetic orientation and personality temperament. And what is more valuable is that the object of taking the law is no longer limited to a certain position. At this time, interests and horizons will strive to expand to breadth and depth. Therefore, this is also a critical period of calligraphy learning, and the trend at this time will depend on the author's knowledge level, aesthetic accomplishment, experience and emotional endowment. Therefore, in learning, we should not confine ourselves to technical exercises, but also strengthen the study of calligraphy theory, the history of calligraphy, art aesthetics, and strive to improve the aesthetic quality and style, so as not to get lost in the search for self-awareness and self-expression.
Accompanying the impression is free creation. At this time, the creation has reached a very free state. Creation will obviously have the characteristics of self-awareness and self-expression. If you exaggerate or weaken a certain feature in the original post and create a different atmosphere and style, you will try to temper your own aesthetic style and language. As far as creative ability is concerned, he is already a pretty good calligrapher.
The work of Ram Raymond
The fourth stage is the financing stage. This is the highest stage of calligraphy learning. Copying is not an end, but a means, and finally establishing self-language to express and create self is the purpose of calligraphy art.
Of course, copying at this time is different from copying at the beginning. At this time, we can freely use all kinds of copying methods and have a clear direction and purpose to copy. We call this stage of copying comprehensive copying. Comprehensive copying refers to unconventional copying, such as partial copying, reorganization copying, destruction copying, fusion copying, selection, jumping, fine print, regular script, running script and so on. Plus regular copying, so as to finally complete the establishment of self-style language. The creation at this time must be based on style, which can be said to be an extremely difficult process, requiring all the wisdom, diligence and talent of calligraphers. Of course, the final formation of calligrapher's style is an extremely complicated process, which is influenced by objective factors such as social changes, times environment, tools and materials, especially subjective factors such as personal character, knowledge structure and artistic accomplishment, and is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors. Therefore, special attention should be paid at this time. In addition to the constant tempering of technical language, it is also necessary to cultivate the spirit and realm, that is, the cultivation of so-called extra-word kung fu, which will ultimately determine your artistic value and style taste!
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