Six arts refer to the six skills in the aristocratic education system of the Zhou Dynasty in China, namely, etiquette, music, shooting, imperial command, calligraphy and number.
The aristocratic education system of the Zhou Dynasty in China began in the Zhou Dynasty in 146 BC, and Zhou Wang Guan required students to master six basic talents: courtesy, music, archery, imperial command, calligraphy and mathematics. From "Zhou Li, the local official Situ Bao": "Raise the country and teach the Tao. It is the six arts of teaching: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five emperors, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers. " This is the "six arts" of "five classics and six arts".
courtesy: courtesy. Five gifts: Ji Li, Fierce Li, Military Li, Bin Li and Jia Li.
a ceremony giver can't stand without learning "ceremony". In Guanzi Herdsmen, it is said that "granaries actually know the etiquette, but they know the honor and disgrace when they have enough food and clothing". Since ancient times, folk weddings, funerals, school attendance, teacher worship, and sacrifices have been attended by officials (ceremonies). Confucius was the official of ceremonies for many times in the previous generation, and Confucius learned rituals when he was young. In the aspect of offering sacrifices to national ancestral temples, the ancient official officials stood in Taichang Temple, Temple Sacrifice Department and other etiquette officials, and set up etiquette officials such as reading wishes, praising Li Lang and worshiping Cheng. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there were six departments: Jiaoshe, Taile, Advocacy, Taifu, Taixi. In the Ming Dynasty, Taichang Division was set up, and Taichang Division was set up with Qing, Shaoqing, Cheng, Canon, Xielv Lang, Doctor and Zanli Lang.
Modern officials set up the Concierge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take charge of the country's big gifts and take charge of the country's foreign etiquette. Foreign-related hotels have a Chief Concierge position, which is responsible for hotel concierge affairs. The official professional qualification of Chief Protocol Officer is certified by Golden Key International.
le: it's Liu le. Six music: refers to six sets of music and dance, namely Yunmen Dajuan, Xianchi, Dashao, Daxia, Dayun and Dawu.
When there is a "ceremony", there must be a "joy" to celebrate Yan's feast, and when there is a joy to celebrate Yan's feast, there must be a feather-collecting accompaniment from the merchants in Wuyin Palace. The ancient government set up officials in charge of music and was responsible for celebrating Yan's feast in the palace. According to historical records, Confucius mainly had three teachers. According to legend, he once "asked for courtesy from Lao Dan, learned to be happy with Changhong, and learned to play the piano from the teacher". Shi Xiang, a famous music official of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was one of Confucius' teachers, from whom Confucius had learned to play the piano. In Historical Records, it is said that he "was an official by striking Qing, but he was able to play the piano". In the Tang Dynasty, a music official was set up in the pear garden, which was composed of an envoy of the pear garden to teach the workshop, an envoy of the pear garden, a judge of the pear garden, and a worship official of the pear garden. Modern music has already developed into a cultural industry.
Shooting: Five shooting techniques of military archery: white arrow, joint, brush injection, auxiliary ruler and well instrument. White arrow, the arrow penetrates the target and the arrow is white, indicating that the arrow is accurate and powerful; Join the company, put a vector before, and the last three vectors go away in succession. The vectors belong to each other, if the beads are in the same position; Note, that is, the disease of vector line; Xiang ruler, I shoot with you, I stand side by side with you, and let you retreat one foot; Well instrument, four vectors coherent, all hit the target.
Shooting, "shooting" is one of the six ancient arts in China. In The Analects of Confucius, Confucius said: "A gentleman will shoot if he has nothing to contend with, and he will be a gentleman if he raises his head and drinks from below." Therefore, "shooting" is not only a technique to kill the enemy and defend the country, but also a kind of self-cultivation sports activity. The ancient "archery" in China included two main sports: archery and slingshot, and the crossbow was invented in the Spring and Autumn Period. Among them, archery has been paid more attention to in history because of its very important role in military and hunting activities.
Archaeologists once found a stone arrow 28, years ago at the Zhiyu cultural site in Shanxi Province, which shows that people were already using bows and arrows at that time. Wu Zetian established the martial arts system in the Tang Dynasty, which stipulated nine criteria for selecting and assessing talents, five of which were archery, including long stamping, horse shooting, step shooting, flat shooting and barrel shooting. Today's "shooting" art, in fact, should be comprehensive, including modern pistol, rifle, and other live-fire shooting sports, as well as ancient archery, slingshots and crossbows.
Yu: The five skills to control a carriage and chariot are: singing and making love, chasing water songs, crossing the monarch's table, dancing and crossing the road, and chasing birds to the left.
Royal, the scope of "imperial" is driving, but both in modern and ancient times, it includes "driving science" of transportation and "driving science" in politics, leadership and management. The famous cases in ancient China include "Zhao Xiang Wang learned from Wang Zichao" and "Tian Ji Horse Racing", which shows that the skill of driving is not only a kind of courage, but also a kind of wisdom, including the comprehensive optimization of a certain problem in operational research, driving and leadership.
Books: six books of calligraphy (writing, literacy, writing) (Zhou Li didn't explain, and later generations may guess): pictographic, indicative, knowing, pictographic, phonetic, annotation and borrowing.
Book, as the name implies, is the art of calligraphy and painting. It is wrong to count calligraphy and painting as a skill. China's calligraphy and painting is not only an elegant skill, but also a tool and magic weapon to cultivate one's mind. Many bureaucrats attach their love to calligraphy and painting, not only to exercise their skills, but also to be intoxicated. Let readers think twice.
The Book of Hanshu first talks about the specific name of "Six Books": "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so Zhou Guan Bao's family was in charge of the country and taught the six books, which were pictographs, images, images, meanings, images, transliteration, borrowing, and the foundation of word creation."
Number: Numerology, also known as magic number, is a technique of calculation and mathematics. There are "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic".
numbers, that is, mathematical numbers, have been extended to "mathematical and physical" numbers in modern times. China's ancient mathematics has been developed for a long time, and the formation of China's ancient mathematics system is marked by the appearance of Nine Chapters Arithmetic in Han Dynasty. Ancient mathematicians attributed the origin of mathematics to the Book of Changes and the Book of the River Map. For example, Qin Jiushao, a famous mathematician in the Song Dynasty, said, "Zhou teaches six arts, and the number becomes reality. Bachelor's doctor, it's never been enough. ..... Since the river map, Luo Shu has made secret secrets, gossip and nine domains are intricate and subtle, and as for the use of Dayan and Huangji, personnel changes are inevitable, and the feelings of ghosts and gods cannot be hidden. "
When there is a "ceremony", there must be a "joy" to celebrate Yan's feast, and when there is a joy to celebrate Yan's feast, there must be a feather-collecting accompaniment from the merchants in Wuyin Palace. The ancient government set up officials in charge of music and was responsible for celebrating Yan's feast in the palace. According to historical records, Confucius mainly had three teachers. According to legend, he once "asked for courtesy from Lao Dan, learned to be happy with Changhong, and learned to play the piano from the teacher".
Shooting, "shooting" is one of the six ancient arts in China. In The Analects of Confucius, Confucius said: "A gentleman will shoot if he has nothing to contend with, and he will be a gentleman if he raises his head and drinks from below." Therefore, "shooting" is not only a technique to kill the enemy and defend the country, but also a kind of self-cultivation sports activity.
Royal, the scope of "imperial" is driving, but both in modern and ancient times, it includes "driving science" of transportation and "driving science" in politics, leadership and management. In ancient China, the skill of control was not only a kind of courage, but also a kind of wisdom, including the comprehensive optimization of a certain problem in operational research, control and leadership.
Book, as the name implies, is the art of painting and calligraphy. It is wrong to count painting and calligraphy as a skill. China's painting and calligraphy is not only an elegant skill, but also a tool and magic weapon to cultivate the mind.
numbers, that is, mathematical numbers, have been extended to "mathematical and physical" numbers in modern times. China's ancient mathematics has been developed for a long time, and the formation of China's ancient mathematics system is marked by the appearance of Nine Chapters Arithmetic in Han Dynasty.
The aristocratic education system of the Zhou Dynasty in China began in the Zhou Dynasty in 146 BC, and Zhou Wang Guan required students to master six basic talents: courtesy, music, archery, imperial command, calligraphy and mathematics. From "Zhou Li Bao Shi": "Raising the country's children with Tao is the six arts of teaching: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five imperial ceremonies, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers." This is the "six arts" of "five classics and six arts".
In the late Middle Ages in Europe, knights learned six skills since they were apprentices: fencing, riding, swimming, hunting (and spear), chess and poetry. Fencing, spearing and riding exercise combat effectiveness; Swimming exercises survival ability; Hunting and chess exercise tactics and thinking; Poetry cultivates sentiment.
Of course, it was generally unnecessary for knights from the early to the middle Middle Ages to recite poems, and riding, fencing and horse gun were the main skills.
Among the "six arts", propriety, music, shooting and imperial style are called "great arts", which are necessary skills for nobles in politics, and should be studied in depth at the university stage; Books and numbers are called "small arts", which are the daily needs of people's livelihood and are compulsory courses in primary school.
"Six Arts" comes from "Zhou Li, local official Stuart Bao's": "Cultivate the country's children with Tao. It is the six arts of teaching: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five emperors, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers. " This is the "six arts" of "five classics and six arts". At that time, the children of ordinary people only gave the education of "small arts", and only the children of nobles could receive the complete education of "six arts" and complete the systematic process from "small arts" to "big arts".
a ceremony giver can't stand without learning "ceremony". In Guanzi Herdsmen, it is said that "granaries actually know etiquette, and they know honor and disgrace when they have enough food and clothing". Since ancient times, folk weddings, funerals, school attendance, teacher worship and sacrifice have had officials (ceremonies) of ceremony and music. In ancient times, the official officials stood in Taichang Temple, Temple Sacrifice Department and other etiquette officials, and set up etiquette officials such as reading Zhu, Zanli Lang and Si Cheng.
Style, elegance and ode refer to the three categories of the Book of Songs according to music. Wind refers to the national wind, that is, the folk songs of various countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Elegance is the music song of King Jing Ji of Zhou Dynasty, which was called Xia by Zhou people. In ancient times, elegance and Xia were universal, so it was called this. "Elegance" is divided into elegance and elegance, and its meaning is similar to that of Daqu and Xiaoqu in later generations. Ode, which means to describe and praise, is a musical song when the rulers made sacrifices at that time. Fu, Bi and Xing are a method of literary creation, which was first used in The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs pays attention to reality and expresses the true feelings triggered by real life, which has a strong and profound artistic charm. It shows the great artistic achievements of the earliest poetry works in China in terms of form, genre, language skills, artistic image and expression techniques. The application of Fu, Bi and Xing is not only an important symbol of the artistic characteristics of The Book of Songs, but also opens the basic techniques of Chinese ancient poetry creation. Fu is telling the truth, that is, the poet expresses his thoughts, feelings and related things in a straightforward way. Comparison is a metaphor. Comparing one thing with another, the poet expresses his feelings and uses one thing as a metaphor. Xing is to touch things to stimulate words, and objective things trigger the poet's emotions and cause the poet to sing, so most of them are at the beginning of poetry. Fu, Bi and Xing played an important role in the description of scenery, image-building, psychological description and artistic conception in poetry, and later developed into a common creative technique in poetry. Wei Feng? The beauty of Zhuang Jiang is described in Shuo Ren: "The hands are soft, the skin is coagulated, the collar is like a salamander, the teeth are like a rhinoceros, and the head is like a moth eyebrow." The fingers, skin, neck, teeth, forehead and eyebrows of a beautiful woman are compared with tender cogongrass buds, frozen grease, long white longicorn larva, white and neat pulp, broad-forehead beetle and silkworm moth tentacles, and the image is meticulous. The two dynamic descriptions of "Qiao Qian Xi, beautiful eyes looking forward to Xi" have made this beautiful picture vivid. The Book of Songs is the most skillfully used work of fu, bi and xing, which has reached the artistic realm of blending scenes and things with me, and contributed to the creation of poetic artistic conception in later generations, such as Qin Feng? "Jian Jian": "Jian Jian is grey, and the Millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water. It's sad, and the Millennium is still there. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and broken. Swim back from it and swim in the water. Jia Jian Cai Cai, the Millennium is not over. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and follow it, and the road is blocked and right. Swim back from it and swim in the water. "