However, due to the times and the scholar-bureaucrat's vision, Yan Jiaxun is not perfect, and some problems are even misunderstood and discussed. Like "teaching children"? Wise without teaching? , "study hard"? Born to know? , is the reflection of idealism transcendentalism. In Family Management, it is proposed that women can only? The Lord gives you feedback, but eating, drinking and serving is just a matter of etiquette. The country can't be cured, and the family can't do the cup? It is the author who completely inherits the traditional prejudice that the secular world despises women. Also mentioned? The gas is wasted at home, and it's too late to see it. This kind of stick education of feudal parents is obviously not enough training. Does the author in Return to the Heart believe in Buddhism? III said? And karma will inevitably lead people into the wrong path of religious superstition.
Third, the historical position of Yan Family Instructions and its influence on later generations.
As a model teaching material of China traditional society, Yan Family Instructions was published directly. Family training? Its pioneering spirit is a valuable legacy in the treasure house of China's ancient family education theory, and it is praised by Chen as? The ancestor of ancient and modern family precepts? (The Interpretation of Shu Lu in Zhizhai). Yan Zhitui didn't have Hector's merit and rank, but he has a long-standing reputation because of one of Yan's family precepts, which shows that his family precepts have far-reaching influence. As an important work in the cultural history of China, its main value lies in this book? Describe the absurdity of how to govern a family and distinguish between times and customs? In the secular spirit. The contents of the book basically meet the needs of Confucian scholars in feudal society to educate their children and grandchildren to stand on the world, and put forward some practical educational methods and ideas, as well as training talents to advocate? Manage the country and the family well? Practical new ideas, etc. Inherited and developed Confucianism? Ren minglun? For what? Sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, ruling the country and leveling the world? Traditional educational thoughts.
The author's wise thinking under the special political atmosphere (troubled times) has valuable cognitive value for later generations. He despised and satirized the corruption and incompetence of the gentry in the Southern Dynasties, and thought that most of the children who traveled expensive had no academic knowledge and only paid attention to clothes and shoes. Once separated, they have no choice but to turn to the ravine. He was also deeply dissatisfied with the shyness and flattery of the northern gentry. And often through the narrative of their own experiences, a few words, will write the social feelings at that time, especially the flattering atmosphere of aristocratic society. Such as "Godson" article cloud:? A scholar-bureaucrat in the Qi Dynasty said, "I said,"? I have a son who is seventeen years old. He is quite knowledgeable. Teach him Xianbei language and play the pipa. He wants to know a little so that he can serve his ministers. He likes it very much, and it is also very important. ? I don't answer when I lie prone. Different, this man's adopted son is also! If this industry is conscious, I don't want you to do it. ? At that time, the mentality of the literati and the choice of the author were clear.
In addition, the ideas expressed in Yan Family Instructions on learning methods and attitudes are also precious: First, it is never too old to learn. The second is erudition and specialization. Learning is better than not learning well, and learning is better than learning less. It is necessary to combine wealth with essence. The third is to emphasize communication. Learning is by no means a self-enclosed process. You must communicate with others frequently in order to break your own limitations and make up for your own shortcomings with the strengths of others. These thoughts are precious wealth in the history of China's educational thought.
Yan Family Instructions has also achieved good educational results in educational practice. The descendants of the Yan family have an amazing performance in morality and academics. As far as the Tang Dynasty is concerned, Yan, who annotated Hanshu, Yan Zhenqing, whose calligraphy was a model in the world, and Yan Gaoqing, who shocked the festival and died, all made people have an extraordinary deep impression on Yan's family, which further proved the effectiveness of the family precepts set by their ancestors. Even in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, members of the Yan family continued to be employed as officials, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
To rebuild contemporary family education, we need to learn a lot from this book, at least the following:
First of all, take reading as the core of family training. Yan Zhitui summed up the theme of the sage book as? Sincere filial piety, cautious words, and traces? Six characters; Do you think the purpose of reading and asking questions is to? Happy eyesight, good for hearing? ,? If you can keep hundreds of books, you won't be a villain for thousands of years. . He believes that no matter what age, you should study and study. Young and knowledgeable, like the light of sunrise; An old scholar, who walks at night by candlelight and closes his eyes, is a virtuous person? .
Secondly, choose the right life idol. In a sense, what kind of idol you choose, what kind of life you will have. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, children were taught to learn Xianbei language and play pipa, hoping to gain wealth by serving Xianbei officials. Yan Zhitui is very dismissive of this, thinking that it will lead him to lose his direction in life, even if he can get to the position of prime minister. He wants children? Muxian? Take a man of great virtue as his idol in life, and? Ecstasy? Worship and imitate them and grow up under their influence.
Third, establish the principle of family education. Parents should be role models for their children: people who are weathered from top to bottom also apply to the latter from the beginning. Therefore, the father is unkind, the son is unfilial, the younger brother is not a friend, the younger brother is disrespectful, the husband is unjust, and the woman is unhappy. ? Want to practice? Do you cough, spit and wash with a candle? Like small life etiquette? Scholar-bureaucrat wind exercise? . Home economics is very important? To luxury goods? Frugality? Not stingy? . What should I do about marriage? Don't be greedy for power? , against? Greedy for fame and profit? . Pragmatic and realistic, not seeking false reputation, abandoning? Do not cultivate one's morality and seek fame in the world? Behavior? Name and reality, or form and shadow. Good reputation comes from virtue and skill. . Put an end to superstition and never talk about it? Wizards pray, okay? Things? Don't pay for the demon? .
Yan Jiaxun is a book with rich cultural connotation. It not only has important reference significance for us today in family ethics and moral cultivation, but also has high academic value for studying ancient philology, the history and culture of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and even literature and art? The revival of metaphysical style, the popularity of Buddhism, the spread of Xianbei, and the Sheng Xing of popular literature? And other social, ideological and cultural aspects have been recorded in detail, and some valuable historical documents have been reserved for future generations. Is "Yan Family Instructions" still there? Also take phonetic training in calligraphy and painting, and take an examination of allusions to taste the first literature and art? . By discussing the works of writers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, his article reflects the literary views at that time and his own literary ideas. Yan Zhitui attaches great importance to literature. He criticized Yang Xiong's view that literature is a small skill, and expounded the importance of literature (including knowledge, oral debate, composition and other cultural qualities) from the perspective of personal cultivation. As for the function of literature, Yan Zhitui not only narrowly attributed it to serving political enlightenment and practicality, but also affirmed that literature has the aesthetic function of pleasing people's eyes and ears and cultivating the soul, and at the same time showed a strong literary aesthetic ability in his creative practice. The content of his article is true. Quality and clarity, fineness and importance, flatness and untruthfulness? The writing style is approachable and has a unique simple style. His works include Documentary Evidence, Textual Research on Famous Things, Discussion on Textual Exegetics, Phonetic Words and Phonological Analysis. Considering ancient and modern times, what is a disease? These are quite meaningful, reflecting Yan's extensive knowledge and profound attainments.
Because of this, scholars throughout the ages have admired this book and regarded it as a model for later generations and family education. After the Tang Dynasty, dozens of family instructions were directly or indirectly influenced by Yan Family Instructions. After the Song Dynasty, Yan's family instructions had a great influence. Zhu's primary school in Song Dynasty and Chen Hongmou's legacy of self-cultivation in Qing Dynasty are based on Yan's family instructions. Not just Zhu Chen. Shen Yi, assistant minister of rites in Southern Song Dynasty, praised Family Instructions of Yan Family, saying: People have excellent knowledge. Although this book is concise, it is all filial piety, and it is promoted by the monarch and the minister, among the friends and township parties. Its return does not violate the six classics, but a hundred. Let's analyze the aid card, which is salty and well-founded; Since we want to enlighten the afterlife, we can't just instruct Lu Si and care about the Chu generation (according to Yan Zhitui's children)? (See "Records of Chicheng in Jiading", Volume 9). How does Wang Sanpin evaluate Yan's Family Instructions, a famous educator and author of San Zi Jing in Ming Dynasty? Ancient and modern family precepts, taking this as the ancestor? (Textual research on ancient and modern things); Yuan Zhong, the stepmother of the Ming Dynasty, was virtuous and knowledgeable. Yuan Zhong thinks that his family is most influenced by Yan's family precepts. During the Six Dynasties, Yan Zhitui's family law was the most correct and spread farthest? (Miscellaneous court records); Zhang Bi, the Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites and the University of Dongge in the Ming Dynasty, praised:? However, if the spread of storytelling, with the help of body and customs, is the help of this generation of humanities, then it is not just the cultivation of Yan's family? (Preface of Ming Jiajing and Shen Jiafu Taiping Engraving); Wang Yue, a famous scholar in Shunzhi period, also thought:? There are 20 family instructions written by Yan Zhitui in Huangmen, Northern Qi Dynasty, each of which is a medical stone. Any child can buy a copy and leave it at home as a clear instruction, not just a face? (Zhuzi school compilation); We can also see the influence of Yan Jiaxun on the ancient family education in China and its position in the history of ancient education in China. Today, "Yan Family Instructions" is not only an elective course for primary and secondary school students, but also included in the teacher qualification examinations in Shaanxi, Fujian, Liaoning, Anhui and other provinces.
The main editions of Yan Jiaxun are Taizhou Public Library Edition in the 7th year of Song Dynasty (1 197), Yan Engraving Edition in the 10th year of Ming Dynasty (1574), Han and Wei series and the 58th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1765438). Modern Wang Qili wrote The Collection of Yan Family Instructions, which contains various prefaces and postscripts, Yan Biography and all its lost articles, and is the most complete one so far.