Life
Li Yu is "a filial man, good at writing and painting, with a large forehead and teeth and a heavy eye." , is the sixth son of Li Jing, Yuan Zong of Southern Tang Dynasty (Lord of Southern Tang Dynasty). Because Li Jing's second to fifth sons all died early, Li Yu's eldest brother Li Hongji was actually the second son when he was the Crown Prince. Li Hongji is a "jealous man", and Li Yu, who was a stable man at that time, was afraid of Li Hongji's suspicion and dared not participate in political affairs. He just read for fun every day.
In p>959, Li Hongji died shortly after poisoning Li Jingsui. Li Jing intends to make Li Yu a prince, and Zhong Mo said, "From Guardian, I despise ambition and cowardice, and I believe in Buddhism, which is inhuman." Being good, courageous and dignified, it is appropriate to be an heir. " Li Jing was angry and found an excuse to demote Zhong Mo as a son of the country and exiled him to Raozhou. Li Yu was made the king of Wu, a minister of books, and a politician, so that he lived in the East Palace.
In 961, the second year of Song Jianlong, Li Jing moved to Nanchang and made Li Yu the crown prince to supervise the country, leaving him in Jinling. After Li Jing died in June, Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling.
Li Yu is "arrogant, sensual, and vain, for the sake of high talk, and shows no sympathy for political affairs."
After Song Jun destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in p>971, Li Yu changed his title to the Lord of the South of the Yangtze River in order to show that he was not against the Song Dynasty.
In p>973, when Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Kaifeng, he was ill. Song Taizu sent Cao Bin and his troops to attack Nantang.
in December p>974, Cao Bin conquered Jinling.
After fifteen years in office, he was known as Li Houzhu and the Empress of Southern Tang Dynasty.
in p>975, after Li Yu was captured, he was appointed as a disobedient Hou in Kaifeng and worshipped General Zuo Qianniu Wei. According to the history books, Zhao Guangyi repeatedly forced Xiao Zhou to stay in the palace. Every time I go back after a small week, I cry and scold. In the midst of pain and depression, Li Yu writes down famous songs such as Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Midnight Song and Young Beauty. Ancient painters also painted a picture of a small week after Xiling was lucky, and Shen Defu in the Ming Dynasty wrote a picture of a small week after Xiling was lucky: "The Song Dynasty painted a picture of a small week after Xiling was lucky, and Taizong wore a hoe, with a pale face and a fat body. After the week, his limbs were delicate, and several imperial servants held it, making a frown after the week." Feng Haisu, a Yuan man, wrote a poem on the map: "Li Huakai, who was left in the south of the Yangtze River, was also forcibly folded by the king; The strange golden wind rushed to the ground, and the royal garden was full of red and purple. "
According to Wang Luo's Memoir in Song Dynasty, he was poisoned by Song Taizong in 978 because of his words "The old country is unbearable to look back" and "A river flows eastward". Some people say that it is a traditional Chinese medicine, Semen Strychni. After taking it, it destroys the central nervous system, convulses the whole body, and the head and feet shrink together, which is extremely painful. The official history such as "History of the Song Dynasty" is not said to be poisoned, and it is recorded as "three years in July, died at the age of 42. Abandon the dynasty for three days, give it to the Taishi, and chase the prince of Wu. " After Li Yu's death, he was buried in the northern Mangshan Mountain in Luoyang. He was heartbroken a few weeks later and died soon after.
artistic achievements
Li Yu has made great achievements in art.
Calligraphy and painting
He is good at calligraphy. For his calligraphy, Tao Gu's Qing Yi Lu, Ceng Yun said, "The late master is good at calligraphy, and he is as vigorous as a cold pine and frost bamboo, which is called Jin Cuodao. Writing big characters without writing, rolling silk books, all can be satisfied, and the world is called' pinch of books'. " As for his paintings, Guo Ruoxu's Book of Knowledge and Experience in the Song Dynasty said, "Li Yu, the queen of the south of the Yangtze River, only knew how to support himself, and he was good at calligraphy and painting. Taste the painted forest stones and birds, far more than the constant flow, higher than the accident. " It is a pity that there is no calligraphy and painting handed down from generation to generation.
ci
the style of Li Yu's ci can be divided into two periods by being captured in 975.
In his early period, his ci style was beautiful and soft, and he did not break away from the habit of "flowers". According to the content, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to describe the magnificent court life and the affair between men and women,
such as "Bodhisattva Man":
The flowers are bright and the moon is dark and the fog is light, and now it is good to go to Langbian. The socks are fragrant, and the gold shoes are portable. See you on the south bank of the painting hall, and you will tremble at noon. It's hard for a slave to come out, but teach him to be merciful.
There is also a kind of heavy sadness when I feel the fate I can't get rid of under the pressure of the Song Dynasty.
For example, Meet You Huan:
Going to the West Building alone without words, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the deep courtyard in the clear autumn. Cut constantly, the reason is still chaotic, it is sadness, don't have a taste in your heart.
due to the great changes in his life, his later ci poems made the king of national subjugation the "king of the south" in the eternal ci circle (in the words of "Ancient and Modern Ci Hua" written by Shen Xiong in Qing Dynasty), which is exactly "the country's unfortunate poets are fortunate, and the words begin to work when they are in vicissitudes". These late ci poems, which are bleak and tragic and have profound artistic conception, have laid the foundation for Su Xin's so-called "bold and unconstrained" school and become a great master in the history of ci poetry. As for the beauty and harmony of its sentences, it is unprecedented.
For example, Young Beauty:
When is the spring flower and the autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back at the moon and the Ming Dynasty. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river flowing eastward.
The rain outside the curtain is gurgling, and the spring is fading. Luo Zhou can't stand the cold of the five, and he doesn't know that he is a guest in his dream. Don't lean on the fence alone, it's infinite, and it's easier to see when it's not. The flowing water is gone, and the spring is gone.
Wang Guowei thinks: "Wen Feiqing's words are beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's words are also beautiful. " Moreover, he also said, "Ci became a word of a master and became a word of a scholar-bureaucrat. Zhou Jiecun is placed under the temperature and Wei, which can be described as reversing black and white. " This last sentence is aimed at what Zhou Ji said in "Miscellaneous Poems on Jiecunzhai": "Mao Cong and Xi Shi are all beautiful women in the world, and they are good at strict makeup and light makeup, and they don't hide their national colors. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself, light makeup; After the Lord, he was rude and confused. " . Wang believes that this comment is to promote Wen and Wei, and to suppress the latter. There are also views in academic circles that Zhou Ji's original intention is that Li Yu is not as good as Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang in terms of neat antithesis of words and phrases. However, in terms of vividness and fluency of ci-writing, the former is obviously more vigorous and natural, and "being careless does not hide the national color".
Li Yu's ci got rid of the frivolity of Hua Jian Ji. His ci is not fake, with vivid language, vivid image, distinctive personality and sincere feelings. His works after the national subjugation have a broad theme and profound meaning, surpassing those of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and became the pioneer of graceful ci in the early Song Dynasty, and later generations honored him as "the sage of ci".