After the founding of China, some Liangzhu culture jades were unearthed in northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and northern Guangdong, such as Jinzhai in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province, Huating in Xinyi, Jiangsu Province and Xiaoxuzhuang. Huating Site is located at the western foot of Maling Mountain, about15km south of Xinyi City. Nanjing Museum has carried out five excavations, * * * excavated more than 0/00 Neolithic tombs, and unearthed more than 500 pieces (groups) of jade articles, all belonging to Liangzhu culture.
Some people think that the origin of these Liangzhu jade articles is caused by marriage, that is, women of Dawenkou culture marry men of Liangzhu in the south, and male residents of Liangzhu culture bring jade articles of Liangzhu culture. Under the traffic and information conditions of primitive society, such a long-distance large-scale marriage may be hard to believe. 1990, the World of Cultural Relics published an article about Huating Site. In this article, the author puts forward a "war argument", that is, "an armed northern expedition of Liangzhu culture defeated the residents of Dawenkou culture in Huating Village and occupied it. People who died in the battle can't be transported back to their hometowns, but they can only be buried on the spot. "Huating North District is their cemetery.
The view that Huating North District is the cemetery of Liangzhu people is proved to be credible by a large number of Liangzhu cultural jade articles unearthed in the tomb. First of all, Liangzhu people are unlikely to come all the way to a small greenhouse; Secondly, Huatang's "cemetery in the north area has a long time span", and this repeated expedition is even more incredible; Moreover, in addition to necessities, sending troops to fight is bound to go into battle lightly. It is impossible to carry a large number of pottery, stone tools and jade articles unrelated to the war for burial, and it is even more impossible to send people back to these funerary objects for a long distance. Therefore, the Liangzhu cultural jade unearthed in the flower hall is not because of marriage or expedition, but because of migration, that is, the result of Liangzhu cultural residents moving northward.
In archaeological discoveries, ethnic migration is also reflected: the tombs of Dawenkou culture have gone deep into western Henan and reached the vicinity of Luoyang, such as Jiazhuang in Pingdingshan and Gushi City in Yanshi. There are many reasons for this migration, such as the failure of inter-ethnic wars, floods, droughts, insect disasters and other natural disasters. Judging from Liangzhu culture, it is obvious that it has suffered a very serious flood. Due to the flood, farmland was flooded, houses were destroyed and people lost their livelihood. Some people climbed to nearby highlands and hills and lived a miserable life without clothes and food. After the flood receded, these people came down from the highlands and rebuilt their homes. Some people think that Maqiao culture in Shanghai is the main successor of Liangzhu culture, either absorbing the factors of Liangzhu culture from the remaining Liangzhu people or creating the culture by the descendants of Liangzhu people.
Due to the flood, the original economy was almost completely destroyed and the population was greatly reduced. Coupled with the deterioration of the natural environment, the productivity level of Maqiao culture has been greatly reduced. Both pottery-making technology and jade-making technology are not the same as the original Liangzhu culture. On the other hand, some Liangzhu people were forced to move around. According to textual research, there was a Liangzhu man who went south to northern Guangdong and later integrated into the local Carboniferous culture. In the late period of Stone Carbon Culture, a certain number of jade ritual vessels such as jade cong, jade bi and jade pony were found in some tombs buried together twice, which is probably the result of Liangzhu people moving south.
There are also some Liangzhu people crossing the river to the north, and Huating Site and Jinzhai Site are the traces left by these Liangzhu people along the way. There may be a large number of Liangzhu people going north, but they are not a group at the same time. Some of them stayed after finding the ideal residence on the way and stopped going north. This is probably the case with Huating and Jinzhai. Others continued to move north and finally reached the Yellow River Basin. Because of their weakness, they finally integrated into the local indigenous culture, leaving only their own tribal marks in some aspects. A small number of jade articles with Liangzhu cultural characteristics were found in Longshan cultural site in the Yellow River valley.