1. q: the cultural and artistic differences between the east and the west and the influence of western contemporary art on Chinese painting.
A: Eastern and Western cultures and arts have taken two different paths. Oriental art emphasizes freehand brushwork and emotional expression, which is an image thinking and an art of spiritual perception. Western art attaches importance to realism and science, which is figurative thinking and visual art.
Oriental culture is represented by China, and China culture has three roots: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and the Doctrine of the Mean; Taoists talk about life without doing anything; Buddhism stresses enlightenment, understanding the mind and seeing nature. Influenced by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's philosophical thoughts, literati paintings after the Song Dynasty pursued tranquility and indifference, detachment from things, sincere taste, similarity and dissimilarity, and completely expressed personal feelings through things.
In the sculptures of ancient Rome and ancient Greece, western art pays great attention to the proportion and expression of characters. During the Renaissance, Monet, Van Gogh, Gauguin and other artists further studied human anatomy, and later developed into impressionism, and began to pay attention to emotional expression. Picasso expressed his personal feelings more boldly and freely after absorbing oriental art and African woodcarving art. The later abstract expressionism is closer to China's imagery thinking. In 1950s, Pop Art advocated the return of art to the public, resulting in consumer culture and art forms. Western art has developed into contemporary art, emphasizing personal originality and paying attention to the exploration and application of new concepts, new ideas and new painting languages. Pay more attention to expressing people's psychological state and life state.
Throughout the history of Chinese and foreign art, it is a history of human innovation and breakthrough, and the waves behind the Yangtze River have never stopped. Due to different cultures, different values and different ways of thinking, different artistic styles will inevitably arise. We don't have to worry that western contemporary art will have a "dead end" impact on China's ink painting, because the blood of different cultural genes flows in the human bodies of the East and the West, and there are essential differences in their bones. Our era will inevitably carry out the effective integration and mutual penetration of eastern and western cultures, and will inevitably pay attention to and think about people's psychological state and living state.
China's pen and ink and Xuan paper are unique products of the development of China culture, and their artistic effects are irreplaceable by other art forms. It is a special kind of painting and a representative of oriental art, just as ink painting can never replace oil painting, works of art should be in a state of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and never present a single state, which is the diversity, nationality and uniqueness of human civilization.
Q: How do you understand the artistic characteristics and future development of ink painting?
A: The "Six Laws Theory" put forward by Sheikh in the Southern Dynasties is the theoretical basis for evaluating Chinese painting, that is, "vivid charm, vivid brushwork, pictographic dependence, color classification, transportation, vividness and modeling". Articles 1 and 6 focus on spiritual expression. The purpose of transfer modeling is to convey the true temperament of the author, which is an artistic expression, and the middle four items are to solve the technical problems of painting.
Song Dynasty's Record of Famous Paintings in Tang Dynasty further put forward the evaluation standard of painting. The clearer the truth, the more wonderful and accurate the words "energy, beauty, spirit and escape" are. "Neng" means that what you draw is easy to flow into the ranks of craftsmen. "Miao" and "Mo Miao" represent the concentrated Chinese painting techniques of Ren Bonian painters in the late Qing Dynasty, which will produce famous painters at this stage. "God" and superb, Qi Baishi reached this state in his later years. "Escape", the law of impossibility, formless, detached and free from vulgarity, and the unity of man and nature, fully express the personal spiritual realm. Divine products and first-rate products enter the realm of masters, which is a spiritual world that expresses emotions, inner thoughts, concepts and feelings through things.
Understand the painting theory of Chinese painting and you will know which stage you have reached. Because of the special properties of China's brush, ink color and rice paper, it is different from other kinds of paintings. Without decades of training and research, we can't understand the samadhi of pen and ink. Just like China's kung fu, it takes a long time to become a martial arts master. China's calligraphy, painting and martial arts are interlinked. If Ren Bonian, a painter in Qing Dynasty, had not died young at the age of 56, his art would have gone to by going up one flight of stairs and Qi Baishi would not have achieved such high artistic achievements.
Now there is a trend of thought that anti-tradition and anti-pen and ink are innovation and breakthrough. Imagine that if the functions of pen and ink and rice paper were removed, it would not be called ink painting, and it would be good to draw other kinds of paintings directly. Ink painting is different from other paintings because it is unique and valuable. The more national it is, the more cosmopolitan it is. China's cultural heritage has accumulated for thousands of years and has strong vitality. Of the four ancient civilizations in the world, only Chinese civilization has not been destroyed, which is the best answer. China's calligraphy art and ink painting art will exist for a long time. With its unique form of expression, it is independent of the world art forest. As contemporary China people, we should have such pride and confidence.
Shi Tao, a painter in Qing Dynasty, said long ago that "pen and ink should follow the times". Because of the differences in personality and knowledge, contemporary ink painters will inevitably integrate into the contemporary cultural context and consciously express contemporary people's thoughts, concepts, emotions and aesthetic orientations. It is not a simple imitation of the ancients, nor is it a muddle without any pen and ink skills. Instead, after years of repeated experience in this special painting tool, pen and ink Xuan paper has created a unique pen and ink language with high technical content, which is different from the personality style of the ancients and others.