Li Bai once traveled to Jinan and went boating in Queshan Lake, and wrote "Three Poems on Boating Queshan Lake with the Founder of Jinan", describing Queshan Lake as "the lake is dozens of miles wide, and the lake light shakes the blue mountain".
At that time, the eastern part of Daming Lake had not yet formed a wide water surface, and the land and water alternated, and there were desolate places covered with weeds everywhere. Because Jinan is high in the south and low in the north, the rainwater in the southern mountainous area and the spring water in the city are often discharged to the north of the city without restraint, resulting in flooding.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Daming Lake began to be restored, especially during Ceng Gong's understanding of qi zhou. In order to prevent flood, water conservancy projects such as dike building, drainage and canal digging were carried out, and Daming Lake was basically formed.
Ceng Gong Zizigu, a native of Nanfeng, Jiangxi Province, was appointed as a well-known person in qi zhou during the Xining period in Song Shenzong for two years. During his tenure, he inspected the geographical situation of Jinan and systematically managed the waters of Daming Lake.
First, the North Watergate was built. In order to improve Daming Lake, the North Watergate was built in its north. Because of the confluence of spring water, it is discharged from the North Watergate, hence the name "Huibo Gate". This gate can be used by pedestrians, so it is also called "Huibo Bridge".
The size and style of the city gate are similar to those of ordinary ancient city gates, but the difference is that the city gate is not a road but a waterway. There is a sluice in the north of the gate to discharge the accumulated water in the city, maintain the water level balance, prevent the accumulated water from flowing back to the city outside the city, and fundamentally solve the flood problem in the north of the city.
The reason why Daming Lake does not rise in rainy season is related to the water regulation of Beishuimen.
Then the "Huibo Building" was built on the Watergate, with seven rooms, two floors wide, hanging mountains with wings, lifelike kissing animals and sonorous wind chimes. Surrounded by poplars, such as stars holding the moon.
After the building was completed, Zhang Zeng, a master of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, wrote an inscription "Jinan is the best place to build, but Dengzi Building is the best" and recited a poem "Deng Huibo Building" to praise the scenery here:
You will never be poor if you climb anywhere.
Birds fly in the clouds, and people are in thousands of paintings.
The scenery boasted of the spring wilderness, and the ancients all dreamed of empty water.
Thick makeup and light poetry, the West Lake alone may not be public!
Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty also visited and left the poem "Deng Huibo Building". Huibo Building hangs on Huibo Building, towering and towering. In the south, you can see mountains like Lishan and Hanyu, and in the north, you can see the peaks of Huashan and Queshan. The blue waves rippled in the lake, and the boats competed with each other, reflecting Ming Che. Therefore, there used to be a "table of rivers and mountains".
If you climb upstairs at night, you can see another wonderful scenery. Looking south, in Nanfeng Temple and on the stage in Gong Yan, the bell tower flies, cypress branches, willow trees hang in the courtyard and bamboo forests are built.
The south of the courtyard is full of lotus red, the distance is sparkling, the setting sun shines, and the sunset glow is colorful. Known as the "sunset glow of the waves", it is one of the eight scenic spots in ancient Jinan.
The second is to build Baihua Dike. According to the examination, Ceng Gong has built a Baihua dike in the east of Daming Lake, which divides the lake into two parts, which is a shortcut for people to climb the pavilions on the north bank from the south bank. The ancient "Li Shui Pi" is called "West Lake" in Ceng Gong's poems, while the lake east of Baihua Dike is called "East Lake".
In addition, Ceng Gong has also built Zhu Beiting, Huanbo Pavilion, Baihuatai, Shuixiang Pavilion and Furong Terrace, and built seven bridges around Daming Lake, including Luoyuan, Furong, Baihua, Shuixi, Huxi, Huibo and Beichi, which is the largest development in Daming Lake's history.
Because of his good governance, Ceng Gong is deeply loved by Jinan people. When he was transferred from Jinan, people didn't want him to go. "If you don't mind, the citizens will close the door and stay behind the bridge, but go by car at night."
In order to remember him, later generations built the Zenggong Temple on the half cliff of Qianfo Mountain. Later, Nanfeng Temple in the northeast of Daming Lake was originally named "Gong Yan Temple", and there was a platform named "Gong Yantai" in the temple, which was built in the Ming Dynasty to commemorate the water god Yan Wuzi.
During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Licheng County donated money to build Zenggong Temple in Yangong Taidong and set up a monument for Ceng Gong. During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, the Governor of Shandong Province built the Zhanggong Temple in the west of Yangongtai as the ancestral temple of Zhang Yao, the Governor of Shandong Province.
Later, according to people's wishes, Zenggong Temple, Gong Yan Temple and Zhanggong Temple were merged into one and changed to Nanfeng Temple to worship Ceng Gong.
Nanfeng Temple is on the northeast bank of Daming Lake, facing Huibo Building in the north. Nanfeng Temple is a quiet and elegant classical garden with a total area of 2,535 square meters, which consists of a main hall, a theater, a waterside pavilion and a veranda.
There is a main hall in the north, a mansion in the south, and half a flower? Fan, column hanging couplets:
Yi Deng biographer in Northern Song Dynasty
South wind, sir
On the south and west sides of the main hall, the theater is towering, surrounded by two floors, the stage is in the south, and there are seats in other spaces. In the past, there was a teahouse where you could drink tea and watch a play. Opposite the palace, there are three waterside pavilions near the lakeshore, surrounded by cloisters and surrounded by water on three sides, where lotus flowers are planted, which is a good place to enjoy the scenery.
On the east side of the main hall is Gong Yantai, which was built in the late Ming Dynasty. There is a "Mingchang Bell Pavilion" on it, with eight pillars on all sides and double eaves on the top of the treasure. There are 8,000 kilograms of ancient clocks hanging in the pavilion, which were originally cast in the Bell Tower Temple along the coast of Hunan in the Ming Dynasty. There is a stream in the east. Near the stream, bamboo is planted, forming a forest. The flowers and trees in the courtyard are lush, and the green willows and cypresses are shaded.
Later, the "Jianmen Painting and Calligraphy Museum" was set up in the North Hall to display 26 pieces of Mr. Sun Mofo's calligraphy treasures, with notes 12. Sun Mofo, nicknamed "Meiyuan", also known as "Jianmen Old Man", was born in Laiyang, Shandong Province, and his age was 104. He is open-minded all his life, self-cultivation and chastity, weaker than fame and fortune.
Pay attention to lofty sentiments, cultivate sentiment with calligraphy and form a simple and refined artistic style.
During the Jian Yan period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Yu, the pseudo-Qi king who dropped gold, dug a Xiaoqing River in the north of Jinan, and Queshan Lake was introduced into the Bohai Sea continuously. The lake area is gradually decreasing, and the water level of the ancient Daming Lake in the west of the city is also decreasing. Queshan Lake and Ancient Daming Lake were gradually replaced by West Lake, and the name "Daming Lake" was attacked by West Lake because it was not used for a long time.
Yuan Haowen, a writer in Jin Dynasty, said in Ji 'nan Travel Notes: "Under the Lixia Pavilion, the lake is Daming, accounting for 65,438 +0/3 of the city."
Daming Lake in the north of the city has become a resort for boating and entertainment.
Kyle,/kloc-an Italian traveler in the 0/3 century? In his travel notes, Poirot praised Daming Lake as "beautiful garden, pleasing to the eye, beautiful scenery and overwhelming."
During Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, Shandong scholar Liu wrote a couplet: "Lotus on four sides and willow on three sides; There are mountains in one city and lakes in half. " The scenery of Daming Lake is vividly portrayed, and woodcut couplets have been hung on the small Canglang Pavilion on the north bank of Daming Lake.
After the construction and reconstruction in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Daming Lake has become one of the most famous tourist attractions in Jinan, with willows hanging down the bank, ships carrying original paintings passing through it, and pavilions dotted with ancestral temples. The Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties had the saying of "Eight Scenes in Jinan", while Daming Lake was dominated by autumn wind, misty rain in China, the night in the waves and boating on Huming Lake.
At the south gate of Daming Lake, there used to be a magpie bridge connecting Daming Lake and Baihuazhou. According to research, this bridge was built in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of 1000 years. At that time, people could enter Daming Lake directly from Pearl Spring and Baihuazhou by boat.
The bridge is 4 meters high and 6.5 meters wide. Standing on the bridge, you can row a boat near Huming Lake, far away from Hua Er Mountain. Especially on rainy days in summer, the mountains near the water are immersed in endless misty rain, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Jinan.
Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, painted a picture of Autumn in Quehua, depicting the scene of looking north at Quehua Mountain from the Queqiao Bridge. It became a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, and was praised by the painting circles as the representative work of literati painting in Yuan Dynasty.
Near Queqiao, it was the most bustling place in Jinan at that time. 100 years ago, Liu E once described it in "Travel Notes of Lao Can":
When I arrived at Queqiao, I felt densely populated. Someone was carrying a burden, pushing a cart and sitting in a small blue sedan chair. There were two people ... A five-or six-year-old child in the street didn't know how to avoid people, and he was accidentally kicked down by the sedan chair, and he began to cry.
When you enter Daming Lake from the south gate, the first thing you see is an island in the lake. A tall octagonal pavilion stands on the island. In the south of the pavilion, there is a plaque inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, "Lixia Pavilion". This is the famous "Lixia Pavilion". Lixia Pavilion has undergone changes, but it is always associated with Daming Lake. From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Lixia Pavilion, named "Guest Pavilion", was built by the government to welcome guests.
In the Tang Dynasty, the ancient Lixia Pavilion declined. In the Yuan Dynasty, the West Lake in the Northern Song Dynasty was Daming Lake, and the Lixia Pavilion was still on Daming Lake, but it was built on the south bank of Daming Lake instead of the island in the middle of the lake.
In Qing Dynasty, Gong Yuan was expanded and Gulixia Pavilion was demolished. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Li Guangzu, the Shandong salt transport envoy, rebuilt the Lixia Pavilion on the island in the middle of Daming Lake.
By boat from Lixiating, you can reach the Arctic Pavilion on the coast of Hubei in a few minutes. The Arctic Pavilion, also known as "Arctic Temple" and "Arctic Terrace", was built in the Yuan Dynasty on the former site of Zhu Beige in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Zhenwu Emperor enshrined in the temple is a fairy believed by Taoism.
The temple was built on a stone platform more than 7 meters high, with the back of the city facing the lake. There are more than 30 steps ahead. When you step onto the stage, you can see the panoramic view of lush mountains and Daming Lake. It is a tourist attraction of Daming Lake.