There are six formats of ancient books: wooden slips (slips), scrolls, block-printed thread-bound books, handwritten (silk, paper) books, movable type printed books and engraved books.
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1. The recorded words are made of bamboo, which is called bamboo slips. Wood, said Xie. Writing words on long and narrow bamboo pieces or strips is called bamboo slips or wooden slips; Written on a wide piece of bamboo or wood is called bamboo slips or wooden slips.
2. Before Sui Dynasty, it was basically a scroll. According to historical records, "The books before the Song Dynasty were all in several volumes, but not in several volumes ..." Engraving technology began in Sui Dynasty. Feng Dao and Li Yu, prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty, invited nine classics to be printed. Since then, all important classics have to be engraved. The atmosphere of engraving books has thus turned to its peak.
3, block printing; With the invention of papermaking, people began to use paper as writing material. According to the organizational form, the inheritance methods of block printing technology can be divided into official engraving, workshop engraving and home engraving. The three inheritance methods of official engraving, workshop engraving and home engraving have played an important role in spreading and inheriting Yangzhou block printing technology, and their inheritance characteristics are different. Song version of the book has the reputation of "paper is fragrant and ink is moist, and beautiful and elegant is ancient and vigorous".
4. printed copy; After the Ming dynasty, its characters were all carved by craftsmen, which were not ancient but strange, and were different from those of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The font of the text is Song Dynasty, white paper, black words and color comments, which makes the readers pleasing to the eye. In the early Qing dynasty, the lettering was divided into soft and hard. The hardware is Fang Bi in the late Ming Dynasty, and the software is handwritten. After Kangxi, the dull and mediocre "Song Zi" was restored.
5. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, mature papermaking appeared. In the 7th century of Tang Dynasty, block printing appeared. But in ancient times, printed books were still a few. A large number of personal works are preserved in the form of handwritten copies. Four Treasures of the Study is a necessary writing tool in every scholar's study. Calligraphy is also one of the essential qualities of literati. Chinese classical books are divided into "manuscripts" and "engravings" according to whether they are written or printed. "Codex" is the abbreviation of "Manuscript". The famous manuscripts have more precious collection value.
6. Printed copy: printing refers to engraving or typesetting and printing, which generally refers to the popularity of articles and books.