He Tengjiao He Tengjiao (1592-1649), a native of Liping Prefecture, Guizhou, with the courtesy name Yuncong and Xiangsheng, was born in a "scholarly" family. His grandfather, He Zhiqing, was born in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty. He once served as the chief registrar of Kai County in Kuizhou Prefecture, Sichuan. His father, He Dongfeng, was a Gongsheng student in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. He once served as the Xinzhou Xuezheng of Chuxiong Prefecture in Yunnan. Legend has it that when the Tengjiao was born, the villagers "suddenly saw two golden carps flying into his house and disappearing instantly. Everyone thought that the Tengjiao was the reincarnation of the divine fish in the well." Legend has it that it is magical, which shows the respect the villagers have for Tengjiao. When Tengjiao grew up, he studied with his father. His father's teachings were very strict. One day when he asked a question and he couldn't understand the book, his father got angry and hit Tengjiao on the head with a stone inkstone. He scolded him and said, "If you don't get taught, you will have no regrets if you beat me to death." So Tengjiao persevered and passed the exam. Scholars, "the best in every year's exams". However, he failed in the provincial provincial examination. In the scientific examination, he was placed in the fourth class because of his article that criticized current affairs. His father was furious when he heard about it, and his mother, Mrs. Liao, secretly informed people and told him not to go home. Tengjiao then hid in the house of Mr. Li Jingxi, a book seller, and studied in tears. Later, he went to Neijiang to join his cousin Qijiao, hoping to find a job with his brother. Qijiao knew his purpose and wanted to stimulate him to make progress, so he ordered the gatekeeper to not allow him to enter and gave him a copy of the "Hundred Chinese Classics" and copper coins. Tengjiao felt ashamed, so he returned to his hometown and stayed in Tianxiang Pavilion in Nanquan Mountain outside the county. He studied hard day and night to hone his ambition. In the first year of tomorrow's Qi Dynasty (1621 AD), Guizhou Provincial Examination was held. Due to the death of his father and his family falling into poverty, Tengjiao was "suffering from lack of resources" and hesitated for a long time. Fortunately, Mr. Li Jingxi from the bookstore donated money to help him, and then he set off to trek to the provincial capital examination and passed the exam. Lift people. He first served as magistrate of Yuci County in Shanxi Province, and later served as county magistrate of Jiexiu and Fenyang in Shanxi, Nanyang in Henan, and Daxing in Shaanxi. Tengjiao was in charge of Nanyang, and the "local bandits" were in trouble. He adopted the policy of "suppression and pacification" to calm the people. He once rode alone to pacify and surrender the enemy, so that the surrounding areas were at peace, so he became famous. In the eleventh year of Chongzhen reign (AD 1638), the imperial court promoted him to be the director of the Ministry of War and promoted him to Yuanwailang. In December, troops were transferred to the north of Shanxi entrance to prepare for the road. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Chongzhi's reign, he was ordered to serve as the military commander of Yunyang, Hubei Province. Later, "suffering from mother's worries", he resigned and returned home. After the filial piety was removed, he took up the post of Huai Xu Bing Dao. During his term of office, he was known for his "talent and sharpness", honesty, diligence and love for the people. In March of the 16th year of Chongji (AD 1643), the governor Shi Kefa strongly recommended him, and Chao worshiped him as the censor of Youqiandu, and patrolled Huguang on behalf of King Jukui. Zuo Shi refers to Zuo Liangyu, the general military officer stationed in Huguang, who holds heavy troops. At that time, Hubei was completely occupied by peasant rebels, with only one county left in Wuchang. Zuo Liangyu's army was undisciplined and his generals were arrogant. People advised Tengjiao not to go, but Tengjiao said: "The purpose of raising and setting up officials in the country is to save people in critical situations, and they should make immortal contributions for thousands of years. Today, I live in fear of death. Is it the responsibility of the ministers?" So he was generous. Take office. After taking office, he spent all his time doing side things without caring about the benefits. Zuo Liangyu also admired Tengjiao's prestige, accepted him wholeheartedly, and settled down with him. In the spring of the following year, General Hui was sent to the prime minister, Mao Xianwen restored De'an Prefecture and Suizhou, and Wuchang was stabilized. After the Qing army entered the customs and established its capital in Beijing, it adopted a brutal policy of ethnic oppression. On the one hand, it wooed Han bureaucratic landlords and cooperated with the Communist Party to suppress the peasant uprising; on the other hand, it forced the Han residents of Beijing to move out of Beijing and issued land enclosure orders. The order to shave hair and escape from the law were an attempt to rule China with violence, thus further intensifying ethnic conflicts. In May of the first year of Shunzhi (AD 1644), some bureaucratic landlords of the Ming Dynasty supported King Fu in Nanjing to establish the Hongguang regime. They called on them to "restore their homeland and honor their ancestral property" to resist the Qing army's march southward. Officers and soldiers from all over the country responded one after another, and people everywhere placed their hopes on this regime to restore the country's rivers and mountains and save the people. However, the Hongguang court was corrupted internally, and King Fu only cared about pleasure. There were serious party disputes within the feudal rulers, and the regime was extremely unstable. In June of the same year, King Fu's edict was sent to Chu. At that time, Zuo Liangyu was stationed in Hanyang Mansion with an army of 70,000 to 80,000 troops. His subordinates had objections and were reluctant to read the edict, intending to go eastward to interfere in the government affairs. Tengjiao said: "The safety of the country depends on this move. If you don't obey the edict, I will die for you." Holding a sword, he went to Liangyu's residence. At that time, Zuo Liangyu's chief disciplinary officer, Lu Ding, also made a strong statement about the country's misfortunes and blessings. He expressed his great righteousness to Zuo Liangyu, and then he read the imperial edict as a courtesy, which temporarily stabilized the political situation. In August of the same year, King Fu ordered Jia Tengjiao to serve as a right-hand man in the military department and also to control Hunan. In November of winter, Tengjiao was reinstated as the former governor of Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi military affairs.In the first month of the sixth year of Shunzhi (AD 1649), Tengjiao summoned Ma Jinzhong to send troops from Yiyang to Changsha, and went to Zhongzhen Camp in person to invite Li Jin to Hengzhou. At that time, he only took 30 soldiers with him. However, Li Jin had already headed east, and Tengjiao followed him to Xiangtan. Xiangtan was already an empty city, and Li Jin abandoned the defense and left. Tengjiao then entered the dangerous city. At that time, all the generals went to reinforce Jiangxi, and Jin Shenghuan and Huang Feiluan were transferred to Quanzhou. When Ma Jinzhong heard that Tengjiao was walking alone, he immediately sent his generals to pursue him, but it was too late. The traitor Kong Youde discovered the news that Tengjiao was in the empty city of Xiangtan. He pursued him to the city gates day and night, and sent the surrendered general Xu Yong to break into Xiangtan with his light cavalry. He led the crowd to persuade Tengjiao to surrender. Xu Yong was originally a general under Zuo Liangyu, and he had followed Tengjiao. When Tengjiao saw that he was acting as a villain, he became furious and cursed endlessly. He raised his sword to cut Xu Yong, but Xu Yong had to retreat. At dawn on the 19th, all the fortresses were empty. Tengjiao sat in the hall in casual clothes and cried bitterly: "For five years, I have been supervising the division for five years, and the result is like this. Is this God's will?" Qing troops came from all directions. They came, surrounded him and flew away, placing him in Huide Temple outside the city. Ming Dynasty General Xuanwei General Yang Yiying didn't know where Tengjiao was and wanted to find him. He took the risk of riding alone into the dangerous city seven times to look for him. In the end, he couldn't find him. He was hit by a stray arrow and died. The Manchu aristocrat Gu Shanerzhen Tong Yanghe invited Tengjiao to talk to him and persuaded him to submit to the Qing Dynasty. Tengjiao sat on his knees and said nothing. The Qing army brought more than 40 of his family members (including his stepmother, Mrs. Sun Da, and his wife, Mrs. Xu) to force him to surrender. Tengjiao said calmly: "My mother is old and I have nothing to cherish but my life." He then forced him to surrender. He said: "Our country is unfortunate and the ministers were taken prisoner. I shoulder the heavy responsibility of the Ming Dynasty for three hundred years. How can I do it?" Can I serve two masters with one body? I am a bloody man and will never turn back. Why do you still hesitate to kill me with one sword?" Tong Yanghe withdrew when he saw that his will was firm and unshakable. Tengjiao lived in the nunnery, sitting upright, talking and laughing freely. He refused to go after several invitations, and refused to eat several times when he was given food and drinks. One day, a monk in the nunnery offered him a bowl of water to drink. He immediately waved it away with his hand and said, "Excuse me, monk, get me another pot of Jiangxin water. Let me drink it before I go on my way." The monk immediately scooped up a bowl of Jiangxin water. After offering it, Tengjiao took it, looked south and said with tears: "This river flows from Hengshan Mountain, and it is the water from King Gui! This water can wash my intestines and stomach, and I can rest in peace when I die." Tengjiao drank the river water He went on a hunger strike for seven days and did not die. Tong Yanghe sent someone again to persuade him to surrender, but he refused and said: "Confucius said to be benevolent, Mencius said to be righteous, the legacy of clothes and belts, he will do it, and I will follow it. I am determined, don't say more." Yanghe sighed: "What a tough guy. His ambition can't be changed." He couldn't bear to kill him, so he gave him a bundle of silk ropes and a sweat towel and let him kill himself. At that time, the light rain had just passed, and he walked slowly and calmly, brushing his scarf with his sleeves while reciting a poem from Qilu (Death Poem): Heaven and earth will leave misfortunes in human affairs, and the water of the Xiangjiang River will not flow with eyebrows furrowed. The stone refiner has the intention to complain about a tree, but Ling Yun has no plan to comfort the three continents. The rivers and mountains are bare, the wind is sad, and the country is pregnant with people and the rain is overflowing in autumn. The exhausted time has passed away, and the cuckoo's blood stains the clan every year. This poem expresses his deep sorrow for the country's subjugation, his unswerving national integrity until death, and his deep memory for the people of the motherland and the fathers and brothers of Sanxiang. He Tengjiao then hanged himself by the Liushui Bridge on the 26th day of the first lunar month in Chou (1649 AD) at the age of 58. More than 40 members of his family were killed by the brutal Qing army at the same time. After the tragic news of Tengjiao's death came out, people in all counties and counties in Hunan shed tears of condolence. When the king of Gui heard the news, he ordered the three armies to be silent and cry bitterly at the sacrifice. The three armies all cried, and the sound could be heard for several miles. Then He Tengjiao was posthumously given the title of "King of Zhongxiang", with the posthumous name Wenlie, and was located at Tianma Temple in Zhaoqing. His son He Wenrui was appointed as the censor of Qiandu, and he was appointed as the Marquis of Dingxing. In the fourteenth year of Kangxi (AD 1675), the Qing court commended the late Ming minister, posthumously named Tengjiao "Zhongzhong", and built a temple next to the sacred fish well in Liping City, named "He Zhongzhong Temple". The next year Tengjiao's nephew (Qi Mosquito) returned home from Xiangtan and was buried on the West Buddha Cliff outside the west gate of Liping. Subsequently, after several constructions, it was named "Ming Dynasty Posthumous King He Tengjiao Cemetery of Zhongxiang King". The villagers inscribed a couplet saying: "Beside the Dabu Bridge, the eternal name is the same as the sun and the moon; on the West Buddha Cliff, there is a stretch of loess Zhuangshan River." Expressing this. This made the villagers admire and respect He Gong. Li Shuchang Li Shuchang (1837-1896), courtesy name Chunzhai, was born in Zunyi, Guizhou Province. He was a famous diplomat and essayist in the late Qing Dynasty in my country.
Li Shuchang lost his father when he was six years old. His family was poor and had many illnesses, but he studied hard and worked tirelessly. When he was fourteen or five years old, he wrote poems and compositions, which he recited while plowing, and he repeatedly won the first place in the government and county examinations. At the age of twenty-one, he became a Lin Gong student of the government school. In 1861, Li Shuchang left Zunyi and went to Beijing to take part in the Shuntianfu Provincial Examination, but failed in both exams. In 1862, in response to the imperial edict, he wrote tens of thousands of words on current affairs, which attracted the attention of the imperial court. He was rewarded as a county magistrate and sent to Anqing to await Zeng Guofan's dispatch. Therefore, Li Shuchang, Zhang Yuzhao, Wu Rulun, and Xue Fucheng became the "Four Disciples of the Zeng Clan" and embarked on an official career. He once acted as magistrate of Wujiang and Qingpu counties in Jiangsu Province. From 1876 to 1880, Li Shuchang began his lifelong diplomatic activities as a counselor on diplomatic missions to Britain, France, Spain and other countries with Guo Songtao and Chen Lanbin. From 1881 to 1884 and from 1887 to 1889, Li Shuchang served as China's Minister to Japan twice as a Taoist priest, making outstanding contributions to promoting friendly exchanges between China and Japan. When he left office, people from Japan packed the streets to see him off, traveling hundreds of miles away. Envoys from Western countries praised the move, saying that this was an unprecedented phenomenon for envoys returning home. Li Shuchang's cultural contribution was mainly the compilation and printing of "Guyi Series". This book consists of 200 volumes in twenty-six categories. During his spare time in Japan, Li Shuchang photocopied on high-grade paper the precious ancient books of the Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties that had been lost to Japan. Edited. It includes three and a half volumes of "Yupian" in the Tang version, thirteen and a half volumes of "Wen Guan Ci Lin", six volumes of "Shi Lue" in the Song version, and five and a half volumes of "Taiping Huanyu Ji Bu Que". This is extremely useful for the study of ancient Chinese, historical geography and other aspects of our country. In addition, Li Shuchang's works include six volumes of "Zhuozunyuan Collection", 28 volumes of "Compilation of Ancient Chinese Ci", two volumes of "Ji Cheng of the Capital", eight volumes of "Western Magazine", "Zeng Wenzhenggong" Twelve volumes of "Chronology", one volume of "Biography of Marquis Zeng Yiyong", and "Genealogy of the Li Family", "An Examination of the Ancient History of the Whole Country of Guizhou", "The Story of Zangda", "Shidongwen Shou", and "Records of Zhuozun Garden Paintings" , "Confucius' Poems", "Xunzhai Notes", etc. In August 1896, Li Shuchang returned to Zunyi from Sichuan Province due to illness. Died on December 20th. Southwest Scholars - Zheng Zhen and Mo Youzhi Zheng Zhen and Mo Youzhi were the most famous Confucian scholars, litterateurs, litterateurs and calligraphers in Guizhou during the Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty. The two of them not only have profound academic attainments, but are also close classmates. Their many achievements were valued by scholars, so they were respectfully called "Zheng Mo" and "Southwestern Scholars" by people at the time. Zheng Zhen, whose courtesy name is Zi Yin, later known as Chai Weng, and also known as Zi Wu Shan Boy, is a Taoist from Wu Chi, and is also the head of the pavilion. He was born on March 10, 1806, in a farm family with only a few acres of thin fields in Tianwangli, Xixiang, Zunyi. He has been diligent and studious since he was a child, has an extraordinary memory, and can recite poems at a glance. In order to provide him with a better learning environment, his parents gave up their property in Xixiang in 1818 and moved their family to Yaowan in Le'anli, Dongxiang, near his maternal home. His uncle Li Xun was the magistrate of Tongxiang County in Zhejiang Province and had a large collection of books. Zheng Zhen often goes to study at her uncle's house. His uncle always packed a box full of books for him. Zheng Zhen stayed with her desk from morning till night, and she read tens of thousands of words a day. Later, he devoted himself to studying the works of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai and Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty, and carefully studied Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism. Over the years, he has made significant progress in his studies. In 1825, the minister Cheng Enze supervised the academic affairs of Guizhou, selected him as a tribute student, and guided him: "How can you read the books of the Three Dynasties and the Han Dynasty if you don't first learn to read?" So he further studied the shape and form of characters. The origin of sound and righteousness and various pre-Qin systems. Scholars at that time paid great attention to textual research. He inherited this tradition and pursued scholarship in a pragmatic and practical manner. He was neither willing to create new ideas nor easily agree with others. Later, he conducted teaching work with Zunyi Fuxue professor Mo Yuyou, from whom he learned many views and opinions of Confucian masters. He studied hard for more than thirty years and finally achieved profound attainments in Confucian classics.
His posthumous works include thirty-one volumes of "Fu Tang Lei Manuscript", "Collection of Calligraphy and Paintings of Lianhua An", "Guiyang Yao Huamang's Father Ying Tuo" and "Elementary School Questions and Answers", "Three Examples of Shuowen", "Epigraphy and Stone Series", "Qianyu", "Ancient Blind Ci", etc. Li Ruifeng (2003-08-18 22:14:19) Li Ruifeng (1833-1907), courtesy name Biyuan, was born in Guizhu, Guizhou (now Guiyang City) in the Qing Dynasty. Famous reformist minister. His father died when he was young, and he was raised by his uncle Jing Zhaoyin and Li Chaoyi. In the second year of Tongzhi (1863 AD), he passed the Jinshi examination in the same year as Zhang Zhidong. He was born in the Hanlin Academy and promoted to censor. He spoke out and dared to give advice. He has successively served as the examiner for provincial and rural examinations in Guangdong, Shanxi, Sichuan and Shandong, and once served as the vice president of the national examination. He successively served as Yunnan academic administrator, supervisory censor, minister of punishment, governor of Cangchang, minister of rites, etc. When he was in charge of academic affairs in Yunnan, he traveled to various prefectures and counties to attend examinations one by one. Wherever he went, he "be thrifty first and strictly control the needs." In Kunming, the provincial capital, there was a arrogant general who paid heavy bribes to open a back door for his children. He was reprimanded in person and made to reflect, thus expelling unhealthy tendencies. During his tenure as the Supervisory Censor, Li Duanfen once put forward opinions to the Qing court that "no one would dare to express" on issues such as strengthening coastal defense, reorganizing military equipment, and simplifying the "Great Ceremony" ritual system, which shows his selfless and fearless mind. Li Duanfen is an open-minded person and has always believed that talents are crucial to the country's future. When he presided over the provincial examinations, he selected batches of candidates with real talents and practical knowledge for the country. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889 AD), during the Guangdong Examination, he admired Liang Qichao's talent very much and betrothed his cousin to Liang. Liang stayed in his house several times when he went to Beijing for examinations and after getting married.