As we all know, couplets are a unique language and writing art in China. However, a pair of couplets in my family is in Manchu, which is really rare.
This pair of calligraphy is linked to Chinese, with modern punctuation. It's like this: "In my spare time, I would like to choose the phrase' celebrity paintings are hung on the wall, and there are ancient books in the case', which should be translated into Mandarin and the books should be elegant and elegant. Zhao Yu Zhang Yu wrote a book in Dongou County. "
The author yu zhang must be Manchu, and Zhao Fu is his word. Manchu people, especially the upper Manchu people, studied China culture before entering the customs. Many years after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Manchu people basically recognized Chinese culture, and most of them had Chinese surnames (excluding the transliteration of Manchu surnames in Chinese), and "Yu" was one of Manchu surnames in Chinese. Yu Rongling, the famous author of Yu Rongling, a foreign language translator beside Empress Dowager Cixi and a librarian at the Central Museum of Literature and History in New China, is a Manchu named Yu. The couplets do not specify the time when the book was written, which should be the Guangxu period during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Because "Lang Xianyi Xiong Renda" in the book is my great-great-grandfather's cousin, although the year of birth and death is unknown, it can be inferred that he is a fellow traveler.
At that time, Zhang Yu seemed to be a member of the Wenzhou government. "Fear" is the official department. By the Qing Dynasty, Wenzhou was no longer called "Dongou" and its administrative division was not called "County", but China people were too old, and Zhang Yu called Wenzhou "Dongou County".
If it is now, anyone who engages in private literary and artistic creation during working hours will definitely not leave a black and white explanation of "working in such and such an office". ?
But in the past, it was a good thing for officials to write poems, sing songs, write books and draw pictures in the yamen, which made them look elegant. Second, it seems to be leisure. Leisure is the embodiment of "political clarity". In The Scholars, there is a magistrate in Nanchang Prefecture. He is honest and upright, and his style is elegant. Poetry, chess and songs are often heard in his yamen. This yu zhang adult probably wanted to show such a "feeling", so he publicly said that his couplet was "written in Dongou County". Of course, he first declared that it was "official surplus" and did not affect official duties.
His so-called "Mandarin" refers to Manchu, and the two lines of Manchu are translated from Chinese "famous paintings and ancient books in the case hanging on the wall". The Qing emperor Nurhachi created writing for his people, but after entering the customs, Manchu people used to use Chinese frequently. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were not many Manchu people who could use Manchu. After the last emperor Aisin Giorro Puyi abdicated, he was given "preferential treatment" by the Republic of China to stay in the Forbidden City. A Manchu teacher specially taught him to learn Manchu, but he only learned one word after many years of study: "Yili (get up)!" " At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Manchu Zhang Yu wrote couplets in Manchu and sent them to his friends, emphasizing "Mandarin", which showed his strong national feelings and loyalty to the Qing Dynasty.
This Mr. Zhang Yu must know a lot about Manchu and China culture. Although several Chinese characters are the basis of the style of the exhibition hall, they are elegant and smooth in addition to being dignified and mellow. As the main body of this couplet, Manchu is written very formally, and it is doubtful that the same symbols are printed. However, these two strings of the Manchu dynasty were just played, not just played. I really can't figure out how these Manchu writing and strokes are going on, but it feels magnificent and mysterious.
The original China couplets were five words. The translated Manchu language consists of seven groups of symbols, which can be called seven words. Among them, the symbols of the second group and the symbols of the sixth group have the same up-down link. I guess these two groups of symbols may be function words. An important feature of couplet art is "rightness", both in content and form. Yu zhang's antithesis of this couplet is very neat. If translated into Manchu, there are two pairs of the same words in the corresponding parts of the upper and lower couplets, which seems not quite "right". But then again, the corresponding characters of the upper and lower couplets have similar problems, and it is not absolutely unacceptable. In countless China couplets, it is not impossible to find the same empty word phenomenon in the corresponding parts of the upper and lower couplets. For example, in the couplets of Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei, the penultimate word of the upper and lower couplets is "zhi", which is more common in long couplets.
Chinese characters are square characters with sound, shape and meaning, written as couplets, with four, five, seven and eight characters, which are symmetrical left and right. Manchu is a phonetic symbol with uneven length, so it is difficult to write couplets symmetrically, which is not very "right". Fortunately, Manchu writing, like Chinese before the reform, is "straight to the left", and two sentences can be written as two straight lines and hung into couplets. Moreover, horizontal Tibetan can't be written as couplets. Although the characters of this Manchu Federation of Literary and Art Circles are asymmetrical left and right, they all have the flavor of uneven changes.
Therefore, we don't have to find fault with the "right" and "wrong" of Manchu Literary Federation. In any case, this couplet has rich cultural connotations.
Modernist calligraphers and connoisseurs pay attention to the effect of "visual impact" on calligraphy art, and my family's Manchu Literary Federation is undoubtedly a work with "visual impact". As soon as this couplet is hung, almost no one can understand it without looking at it. According to statistics from 65438 to 0998, there are only more than 700 people in the world who can use the whole language. Don't understand is "good"! A few days ago, there were many iconic calligraphy works in an exhibition, and some people called them "good". It's a pity that there are many Chinese characters in this Manchu Federation, otherwise it's even more valuable because it's completely incomprehensible.