? one
There are many poets in Qing Dynasty, including Gu Zhenguan, Nalanxingde, Zhu Yizun and Chen Weisong, as well as Ji Xiaolan, Yuan Mei, Cao Xueqin an
? one
There are many poets in Qing Dynasty, including Gu Zhenguan, Nalanxingde, Zhu Yizun and Chen Weisong, as well as Ji Xiaolan, Yuan Mei, Cao Xueqin and Gong Zizhen. Thinkers such as Gu and Wang Fuzhi are all talented people. In the whole large group, there are also a group of "heterogeneous". They were born in poverty and behaved strangely, and everything they said and did ran counter to the times. Although not valued by the society, his accomplishments in painting and calligraphy can be said to be the pinnacle. Therefore, people gave them a special title: Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics.
Strange, "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Strange people are different." Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics, as the name implies, are naturally eight people (in fact, eight representatives may be elected). They are:, Li, Li Shan, Jin Nong, Huang Shen,, Gao Xiang and Wang. The representative of "Eight Eccentrics" naturally belongs to Zheng Banqiao.
Dong, a poet of "Zhi Zhu" in Qing Dynasty, wrote in "Poems of Zhi Zhu in Yangzhou": When you wake up in Yangzhou, you will find a Yu Di. Who can admire Zhi Zhu's Ci? Beautiful Zheng Banqiao. He is a big fan of Banqiao, and it is not an exaggeration to say that he is romantic. However, Zheng Banqiao's younger brother Gu said, "What if you are still a bosom friend after a hundred years?"? Sunview Peak is high and Bohai Sea is deep. Everyone pushes cheap children everywhere, and I am ashamed of Banqiao all my life. " After listening to these two words of wisdom, you may ask, what is Zheng Banqiao really like? In fact, if you want to really understand a person, you have to look at some small things in life.
? two
Zheng Banqiao was born in Xinghua, Yangzhou on October 25th, the thirty-second year of Kangxi. When he was born, his mother gave him an ugly nickname: Mashantou. I wonder if Mrs. Zheng is a patriarchal or something. Anyway, it is rare to name boys after "girls" in rural areas.
When I grew up, Ruan Yuan, a famous Yangzhou poet, said, "Your name is so tacky that I can't bear to hear it." But Banqiao's view is just the opposite. Not only did he like the birth name, but he also specially carved a seal that read: Mashantou needle and thread. Obviously it is a painting and calligraphy work, but it is fun to laugh at yourself as a needle and thread. Since then, Zheng Banqiao's distinctive personality has been revealed.
At the age of ten, father Ann named his son Xie. As a result, the representative name of Zheng Xie began to be officially known. However, what really made him immortal was the name Banqiao.
The word "Banqiao" comes from Liu Yuxi's Yang Liuzhi: a song of a thousand willows on the Qingjiang River, a 20-year-old Banqiao. I once said goodbye to Beauty Bridge, but I wish I could never hear from you again. This poem seems to be in line with Banqiao's later life. At the right moment, there is also a wooden bridge outside Xinghua, Zheng Xie's hometown, and the river in the city flows south around the wall. Standing on the quaint wooden bridge, I looked at several huts and bamboo poles not far away. As a result, the geek of Banqiao embarked on an artistic journey from here.
three
On a sunny afternoon, the bamboo outside the window, touched by the breeze, projected its figure obliquely on enough paper. It is such a common natural phenomenon that it deeply attracts Banqiao. He picked up a pen and began to copy involuntarily until the sun went down and the bamboo shadow disappeared. From then on, he was deeply infatuated with bamboo, but Rainbow Huizhi, who was "inseparable from this gentleman for a day".
From Wang Huizhi's "you can't live without bamboo for a day" to Wang Wei's "relying on dense bamboo alone" and then to Su Dongpo's "I would rather eat without meat than live without bamboo". Of course, the most influential one is Dongpo's cousin Wen. Dongpo has great respect for this cousin. It lies not only in his character and knowledge, but also in his superb painting skills. Wen Heke is best at drawing bamboo, and the allusion of "bamboo in my heart" comes from him. Before you start writing, you have a good idea, which is also a great rule of post-scholars.
However, Zheng Banqiao said, "If you have a plan in mind, you have no plan in mind." There is a way to win without moving, which is of course a breakthrough in the field of thought. However, this achievement is based on the realization of skills, and not everyone can do it. Zheng Banqiao said this, already forty years old, want to come at that time's capability is quite deep.
Besides painting bamboo, I also like painting orchids. Besides painting, I also practice calligraphy in various ways. At first, I also learned from others, starting with Liu Gongquan and others, then studied Dong Qichang's calligraphy, and then returned to Chen Ziang. After fully mastering various fonts such as Li, Kai, Xing and Cao, we will match them according to different paintings. The so-called "collocation" means that when painting bamboo and orchid, the straightness of bamboo and the softness of orchid are integrated into the font. After a long time, he created Banqiao's unique "six-and-a-half book", which became a must in calligraphy.
? four
In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Zheng Banqiao took part in the provincial examination in the Gongyuan by the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. Soon, the results were announced and won the prize. Although it was not a big deal, it inspired him to pursue the Jinshi exam. A few years later, in the first year of Qianlong (1736), Zheng Banqiao finally won the Jinshi, ranking 88th and second. At this time, he carved a chapter for himself: Kangxi scholar, Yongzheng juren, Ganlong Jinshi. Compared with "hemp girl needle and thread", it seems to be self-deprecating. Even Meng Jiao, a poor college student, can't help feeling: "It's not surprising that she used to be dirty, but now she is extravagant. Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and you can see Chang 'an flowers all in one day. What's more, Zheng Banqiao, a weirdo, realized his dream after three sessions.
After Zheng Banqiao entered the Jinshi, he didn't get an official position at the moment because he had no background and was not sociable. So I went back to my hometown in Xinghua to continue painting. But he didn't know that at this time, he had become famous in Yangzhou and became the head of the veritable "Eight Eccentrics".
Six years later (174 1), 49-year-old Zheng Banqiao finally got the chance to be an official. On the recommendation of, he was appointed as the county magistrate of Fan County. This is, of course, the power of friends. Zheng Banqiao and Yunxi have known each other for many years, and have been helped by him many times. Yunxi is Gan Long's uncle.
Banqiao served in Fanxian for four years. In the 11th year of Qianlong (1746), he was transferred to wei county, and this was seven years. When I first arrived in wei county, I encountered a serious natural disaster. Epidemic, drought and waterlogging broke out one after another, resulting in no harvest and gloomy clouds everywhere. In his long poem "Escape from the Wild", he wrote: selling children on the 10th and selling women on the 5th. If you only have one suit left tomorrow, it will be too far. The road is long, but there are tigers in the mountains. Wild tigers are not hungry, and rocks such as liver ... are really terrible. Faced with this situation, Zheng Banqiao, which has always advocated that "officials should make decisions for the people", immediately launched a rescue operation. First, donate money. Second, immediately open grain relief. The third is to control the market and advocate that the rich can help the poor. The first and third items naturally have nothing to say. As for the second measure, Zheng Banqiao acted without authorization and did not report it, which violated the laws of the imperial court. Later, the disaster finally passed, but Zheng Banqiao was demoted. He wrote for the same scholar in a pair of bamboo paintings:
Yazhai lay listening to Little Zhu Xiao, suspecting that it was the voice of the people's sufferings.
Some small collectors in Caozhou County always care about their feelings.
This is a true portrayal of Zheng Banqiao's career as an official for more than ten years, and every word reveals the heroic feelings of pleading for the people.
five
A straightforward and eccentric person like Zheng Banqiao has deep feelings. His first love was the daughter of his stepmother's unmarried sister, that is, Zheng Banqiao's distant cousin. The girl's name is Sister Wang. It is quite similar to the original "Mashantou" of Banqiao. I think she was still relatively young at that time. Because his biological mother died early and his stepmother took care of him as her own, Banqiao was very close to her stepmother and often followed her to her parents' house. Once or twice, they met a sister, and they sprouted the purest emotion of adolescence. Later, Zheng Banqiao wrote in "Cool Acacia":
Sighing that Qian Shan Road is just a stone's throw away, you will miss it if you don't see it. ...
There are indeed unpredictable factors in this budding period of youth, which led to their final separation. Many years later, when Zheng Banqiao saw his sister again, he wrote another song, He Xinlang. There are two sentences: looking back at the petite state of the year, but the words are slightly sad and the face is slightly red. Only this meaning is the most rare!
Perhaps, what really keeps him from letting go is not the young and ignorant love, but the innocent and beautiful time. Throughout his life, the most beautiful picture hidden in his heart is the immature face of his young companion.
At the age of 23, she married Xu Shi. After marriage, the two lived a harmonious life of "Mrs. Jing wiped the inkstone and sharpened the new ink, while the weak woman held regular script for stationery". Then he devoted himself to painting and calligraphy and imperial examinations. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), when I went to Beijing to take the exam, I met a young and beautiful beauty-Rao dancer. There is no detailed record of Rao Wuniang's appearance in the history books. Zheng Banqiao said that she likes wearing red skirts and is good at painting. When I first met him, he wrote a poem "Xijiang Moon":
The light rain and breeze stopped at the beginning, and there was only the warmth of sunrise in the screen window. Embroidered weft fragrant dream half dream Teng, Ying Ge didn't wake up outside the window.
Crab-eye tea is quiet and quiet, and the shadow of shrimp must be light and bright. Plum blossoms grow old and rouge is cold every night.
This word is translated into four words: love at first sight! Rao Wuniang also appreciates Zheng Banqiao's talent. So they got engaged under the witness of Rao's mother. At the age of 44, Banqiao won the Jinshi. Because he couldn't get an official, he had to go home and paint. In the following year, he took Rao Wuniang as his concubine, which added happiness to his middle-aged life.
? six
After seven years in wei county, Zheng Banqiao finally resigned and retired. The whole city came to see me off. He rode on a donkey and drank the wine from the villagers' bowl, and wrote:
If you don't lose your black veil, your sleeves will get cold.
Write a thin bamboo and make it into a fishing rod on the autumn river.
After returning to Xinghua, Banqiao chatted with his former friends for a long time. At that time, there were only seven "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics". And these seven people are also ill-fated. Li Yinyan went to prison, Wang was blind in his left eye, and his leg became disabled. ...
Without his salary, Zheng Banqiao began to become a professional painter. He put up a're' outside the house as never before:
Daliuliang
Moderate amplitude four-beam
A narrow margin of 22 votes.
One or two banners and couplets
Fan hits five yuan.
How unusual was it to sell paintings openly as a painter in the society at that time? However, people who buy paintings do not hesitate to spend a lot of money and follow suit, which makes people envious.
In the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), my friend Shan Li built a garden for Banqiao in Yangzhou, and there were thousands of bamboo poles in the garden, hence the name "Green Garden". On a hot summer day, Zheng Banqiao sat alone in the room, sometimes looking at the bamboo forest outside the window, sipping tea and drinking half a gourd ladle, and could not help but write down:
A small room, thousands of new houses, snow-white paper windows, slightly green. At this time, I was sitting alone, with a cup of tea before the rain, a piece of Duanyan stone, a piece of Xuanzhou paper, and some broken branches. My friends came, the wind rang, and it became quieter and quieter. The servant swept the floor, the maid burned incense, and the clear lights reflected in the painting. It was absolutely pitiful. Why twelve golden hairpin, EMI pear garden, must be in the calm wind.
I have to say that this kind of realm is what modern people have been looking for but it is very sad. Zheng Banqiao's return to calligraphy and painting in his later years is not only a relief after the calendar, but also a natural result.
In December of the 30th year of Qianlong, Mr Banqiao, a generation of strange people known as "poetry, calligraphy and painting", died of illness in Lvyong Garden, Yangzhou. He came in the face of a piece of green and left with a piece of green!