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Huang Daozhou (1585- 1646), a native of Zhangpu, Fujian, was a famous philosopher in the late Ming Dynasty. Calligrapher, educator, famous patriot,
Huang Daozhou was originally from Putian, and Liu Zuming was recruited as the garrison of Tongshan City. Huang Daozhou was born in Shenjing Village, Tongshanyuan, Zhangpu County (now Dongshan County) in the 13th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1 5 8 5). Father Huang Jiaqing knows a little about Confucian books. He entered primary school at the age of 5, and 10 was "writing ancient poems, if given by God". I studied in Tayu, Dongshan. When I was 0/4 years old, I heard about the rare books collected by Hanlin Han Riyou in Boluo, Guangdong Province, and went to Boluo to browse the collected books. When my father died at the age of 23, my family became poorer and poorer. When I am embarrassed, I usually help my brother with a hoe. At the age of 24, I was admitted to middle school. In the second year, I made a living by teaching students and apprentices in Gaodong, a county town, and studied Yi Li. Tomorrow two years (1 6 2 2), aged 38, was a scholar in the examination, and was elected as Jishi Shu. Later, he was awarded editing by Hanlin, and he also served as a bookkeeper at the banquet. He is honest and upright, at odds with the secular, honest and clean, and is often relegated. Soon after he became an official, he was rejected by Wei Zhongxian, and he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown the following year. In the third year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1 6 3 0), he was reinstated and promoted to the right to allow dissidents. Shangshu asked Chongzhen to pardon money. Qian Longxi was spared from death, but Daozhou was demoted three times in a row. In the fourth year of Chongzhen, it was suggested to appoint talented people, which led to serving the officials and the people, so he gave lectures in Hangzhou Dida Mountain, Zhangzhou Rongtan shan and Zhangpu Beishan. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1 6 3 6), he was restored to his official position. The following year, he served as Zuo Yude and was also in charge of the Economic Bureau. Later, he was promoted to banquet officer, with a bachelor's degree in imperial academy. At that time, Wen Style Ren was recruiting traitors, framing Lin Dong and party member, who dared to denounce the malpractices, and committed unjust imprisonment in Daxing. Huang Daozhou continued to protest, eleven years, into the cabinet, Chen Xinjia as governor. Huang Daozhou even pointed out their indecent and disastrous behavior, and bluntly argued with Emperor Chongzhen in the court, and was even reduced by six grades. Later, he was arrested and imprisoned in the prison of the Ministry of Punishment, with 80 court staff. He has been defending Yang Chen in Guangxi. In August of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, Yang Sichang died and was reinstated. Daozhou immediately asked for leave due to illness and went back to his hometown to give lectures.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the Ming Dynasty perished, and Fuwang lived in Nanjing. Huang Daozhou became a minister of rites, and after the fall of the axe king, the Tang king was located in Fuzhou, and Huang Daozhou was appointed as a university student in Wuyingdian. Officials and ministers were also ministers of the Ministry of War. Huang Daozhou was angry with Zheng Zhilong's arrogance and led his students to raise more than 3,000 farmers. Go north to resist Qing dynasty. Guangxin, Fuzhou, Wuyuan, Xiuning, Leping and Dexing fought against the Qing soldiers and were finally defeated and captured in Tang Ming, Yidu, Wuyuan. Huang Daozhou was lured by the great righteousness of the Qing court. He fasted for seven days, and then for fourteen days. In prison, he calmly copied the filial piety and wrote calligraphy and painting. In the second year of Longwu in the Southern Ming Dynasty (the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, namely 1 6 4 6), Huang Shouzhou died generously in Donghuamen near the Ming Tombs in Jinling (now Nanjing) on March 5 of the lunar calendar. When he was dying, he broke his fingers and wrote in blood. Heaven and earth know me, my family has no worries ",and then I died peacefully. At the age of 62.
After Huang Daozhou's death, his body was buried in Nanjing by his protege. Four years later, he was buried in Zhangpu Beishan. Later, he was buried with his wife Cai Yuqing, and four disciples who died with Huang Daozhou were also buried beside the tomb.
Located in the former residence of Shenjing Village, gongyuan street, Tongling Town, Dongshan County, it is the birthplace of Huang Daozhou and the residence of his youth. The former residence is located in the right front of Guandi Temple in Dongshan, and it is the first batch of county-level cultural relics protection units. Founded in the early Ming Dynasty, it is a typical Minnan-style building, with brick and wood structure, sitting west facing south, three rooms wide and two rooms deep, one entering a courtyard and two wings on both sides. There is a round well called "deep well" in the hospital. Jing Quan is bitter and there is no drought in four seasons, so it is called "Shenjing Village". On the front door of the former residence, a plaque inscribed by Huang Daozhou was hung. There is a large portrait of Huang Daozhou hanging in the nave of the former residence, wearing a scarf and plain clothes. It is accompanied by a pair of couplets: "Who can tie the knot forever, who can stand side by side in a just and eternal life" and a horizontal comment: "Doing good is the happiest", which was written by Professor Huang Diancheng, an expert in Huangxue, when he visited his former residence. There is also a clay statue of Huang Daozhou on the memorial case and an incense burner for sacrifice. There are still portraits of Huang Daozhou and his wife Cai Yuqing hanging on the right wall of the hall. Huang Daozhou's calligraphy poems are hung on the left wall, which shows his agility, vigor and tenacity. In the book, there is a poem (running script) of Zhong Wu's Deng Cuiwei Pavilion: "Years of dusty clothes, you can find fragrance and get beauty." Mountains and rivers flow forever, and horseshoes urge the moon to return. "With Wang Chulin and Li Mingdong, they boarded the swallow house (cursive script):" The swallow flies in front of the swallow house, and the lair is still the owner's fault. Looking forward to the front of the building, I would like to live upstairs with others. "
After Huang Daozhou became an official, he visited Tongshan's former residence many times in the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1635438+0), the first month of Chongzhen in the twelfth year (1639) and the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644). After Huang Daozhou was martyred for his country, in the thirty-ninth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1700), the people of Tongshan paid tribute to Wengong Temple not far from Huang Daozhou's former residence.
Huang Daozhou's former residence, located in front of Shizhai Village on the east side of Zhangpu County, was built in the thirty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1609). Originally known as Gaodong Bookstore, it is the main place for Huang Daozhou to live, give lectures and write after the age of 25. 1644 expansion, renamed Ming Chengdian.
Mingchengtang covers an area of 1.058 square meters, facing south, with the front ridge and the back ridge. Along the central axis are the hall, patio, porch and main hall in turn. The main building is five rooms wide, one hall deep and three purlins deep, with two rooms on the left and right. Among them, the main room on the east side is Huang Daozhou's bedroom, with beam and wood structure, bluestone foundation and wooden columns bearing the load, hanging down from the top of the mountain and eaves gallery as a shed. According to the plane, the north is the Lord and the south is the humble guest; East is the mainstay, and west is the guest. In the main hall, the east hall is the main room, and the west hall is the guest room. The east and west rooms on both sides of the hall are occupied by servants. There is a fence around the main building, a group of flower windows are made on the gate, and a well is opened in the southwest; Hanging flower doors are opened in the southeast of the fence, which makes the front wall and the hall a closed whole.
The couplet "Su Hai and Han Dynasty" at the main entrance of the main building shows the prosperous times of Tang Cheng in Ming Dynasty. The couplet written in the hall says, "How can I enjoy music when people are skinned and look at the heart of heaven and earth, Yao Shun?" It's Huang Daozhou's understanding of his destiny and ambition with Yi-ology.
There is a patio and a porch between the foyer and the main hall, and the two sides of the porch are supported by four pillars. It is twice as long as the corridor of traditional houses in southern Fujian. The courtyard is 9.5 meters deep and 9.8 meters wide. It's basically square and wide. There is a stone plate in the middle of the patio, called Arabian plate. According to the area of the patio, the location of the Kaaba plate and the south direction of the whole building, it shows that the Kaaba plate is the main building and the surrounding hall is the auxiliary building.
Arabic square, with a side length of 378 meters, is engraved with 10000 small squares and 8 concentric circles. Square and circle crisscross, extremely mysterious. It is the carrier of Huang Daozhou's thought of Yi-ology. Huang Daozhou's Yi-ology attainments are so profound that no one can match them. In his recitation to Chongzhen, he claimed that "I learned Yi from childhood and took Heaven as the standard. It took me 2500 years to download and download it, and I tested it to make sure it was correct. " There are also monographs Yi Zhengxiang and Yi San Dong Ji, but no one can solve the mystery for hundreds of years. The poem Astronomical Map of Mr. Huangshizhai's Lecture Hall written by Li Guozuo, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, describes the grand occasion of Huang Daozhou's lecture in front of Arabian Pan: "Mr. Civilization likes the strange and the ancient, like a branch in his chest, and the lecture hall is full of stars, and today people begin to see the rumors of ancient and modern times. Around the central corner of a stone, the equator of the ecliptic is listed as the gateway, vigorous as the HarmonyOS system, chaotic as the spit of Chu Yang, and it can't be closer. " There is a talented person who is good at drumming, Changzhou, Hanlin Chen. Dongqiang has a collection of books in his heart, and the classics come from afar. There is green silk on the brocade. I visited Ling Jun in ancient times, and Huang Sha confessed that I lost my doubts. I managed to measure the sky five feet high. Lu Xun can't read the eight-array map, and he can't distinguish the clothes in the Year of the Tortoise. The origin of enlightenment is waiting for the Great Sage, but I am just a private intelligence and a He Lv, and I have nothing to say.
Three months after the reconstruction of Mingcheng Hall, Huang Daozhou left here forever. 1646, Huang Daozhou was martyred and given the title of "Civilized Academy" by Emperor Long of Nanming. After entering the Qing Dynasty, Mingcheng Hall was once occupied by monks. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Chen Ruxian (once edited by the Hanlin Academy) was appointed as Zhangpu county magistrate. Only by driving away the monks, removing the Buddha statues, buying land and raising Huang Zongren to manage them. Forty-one years after Qianlong, the imperial edict said that Huang Daozhou was "worthy of perfection". Since then, the local government has protected the Mingcheng Hall and offered sacrifices every spring and autumn. 196 1 year, mingchengtang was listed as the first batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units, and Huang Daozhou memorial hall was established, becoming an important cultural relics tourist destination in zhangpu county.
Gan Long spoke highly of Huang Daozhou, saying that he was a "perfect man in ancient and modern times". Because of this, everyone is saying that Huang Daozhou is "a perfect man in ancient and modern times."
This is an imperial edict from the forty-first year of Qianlong, involving the compilation and revision of Sikuquanshu. The following is part of the full text.
1 1 month 16 (Shen Jia), wrote: "I wrote to the provincial governors for an interview because of the compilation of" Sikuquanshu ". The heirs were sent various suicide notes one after another for the President to carefully sort out, namely, publications, paper money and catalogues, so as to be widely circulated.
In the first part, there is an example. The words and phrases in the books of the Ming Dynasty are in contradiction with the current dynasty and should be destroyed. The festival was attended by the governor and courtiers and carefully examined by library officials. When I returned to the museum, I took a look for myself. I think it is necessary to distinguish those who are in charge of North Korean nuclear affairs: money has occupied a large position in the Ming Dynasty and resumed his work in the current dynasty, while Jinbao and Qu Dajun are out of the current situation and cannot be resurrected; It's a place of interest and arrogance. He is really short of people, and how can his books be restored! Since we have to find out one by one, we must destroy it, so as to correct people's minds and enlighten the people. For example, Liu and Huang Daozhou stand upright, awe-inspiring, generous in words, and loyal to bamboo slips; A man who died for his country deserves the perfection of a generation. Another example is that Xiong Tingbi was ordered to go to the battlefield, with excellent materials and too many seals; It was scraped by the DPRK, which led to the great king. There is a saying in the book, "Sprinkle my blood on the imperial court and pay seven feet for the frontier fortress". Personally, I am a cloud: "I can't help crying at this point; And if the prince can't smell it, will he want to live? " It can be seen that my archduke.
Perfect heart. ……