Character biography Lanling Wu King Gao Su (AD 541 (AD? - 573 AD), the royal family of the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Han nationality, now a native of Jingxian County, Hebei Province. A Xiaoguan, with the courtesy name Changgong, was a member of the Northern Qi Dynasty The fourth son of Emperor Shizong Wenxiang moved to Bingzhou as governor. Changgong tried his best to attack them. Changgong led the central army and led another 500 cavalry into the Zhou army. He was captured by Jin Yong. The siege was very urgent. The people on the city didn't recognize him, so he sent out his crossbowmen to save him. The victory was achieved. The song "The King of Lanling Enters the Battle" is called Li Sizhou. The two prefectures of Mu and Qingying were highly favored. Later, he fought with Duan Shao against Baigu and attacked Dingyang. Changgong took charge of them and won the title of Julu, Changle, Leping and others. Gaoyang and other county officials have a gentle appearance and a beautiful voice. They work hard for the generals, and every time they get sweet fruits, they will be with the soldiers in Yingzhou. Shen showed his stolen goods and was dismissed from the official position. As for Dingyang, he was in the army, and he was afraid of disaster. When Chang Gong heard about it, he said, "I didn't mean it." He wanted to make a small mistake, and he had a staff of twenty to make it safe. When he entered the court, all his servants were scattered, but there was only one person who returned alone without any punishment. Wu Cheng rewarded his merits and ordered Jia Hu to buy twenty concubines, but he only accepted one of them with a thousand gold note before he died. On the same day, Jin Yong rescued the siege. According to historical records such as "Book of Northern Qi" and "History of the North", King Lanling's name was Gao Changgong, and his name was Gao Xiaoguan. [1] According to records, the name of King Lanling was Gao Su, with the courtesy name Changgong, which is different from the historical records. Gao Changgong was the fourth son of Emperor Wenxiang of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and his biological mother was unknown. When the Turks invaded Jinyang. , he tried his best to repel the enemy. During the Battle of Luoyang in December of the third year of Heqing Dynasty (564), the Northern Zhou Dynasty attacked the area of ????Luoyang, but the siege was not captured. Duan Shao, Hu Luguang and Gao Changgong were ordered to use strategies to rescue them. After defeating the Northern Zhou army, Gao Changgong led 500 cavalry into the Northern Zhou army and arrived at the besieged city of Jin Yong (now the ancient city in the northeast of Luoyang, Henan). Because Gao Changgong was wearing a mask, the people in the city were not sure whether he was the enemy or our army. , until Gao Changgong took off his mask and let everyone see his face. Wherever there is injustice, there is no King of Lanling. After that, Gao Changgong successfully rescued Jin Yong, and the Northern Zhou army finally abandoned the camp and retreated. According to " According to the records of "Book of Northern Qi", the soldiers sang him for this battle, which later became the famous "Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle" [2] In December of the same year, he was appointed as the Minister of Li Fengjun. He later served as the local chief of Sizhou, Qingzhou and Yingzhou. In July of the first year of Wuping (570), he was appointed as the official of Lushang. In February of the second year of Wuping (571), he was appointed as Taiwei. Together with Dazai Duan Shao and Right Prime Minister Hu Luguang, they attacked Qigu to resist the attack of Yu Wenxian of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In May, Duan Shao surrounded Dingyang City, while Yang Fu, the governor of Fenzhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, held on to the city, but Duan Shao could not attack it for a long time. After the fall, Gao Changgong took over the command of the army. He successfully used an ambush to defeat Yang Fu's army that retreated from the city. In August of the third year of Wuping (572), he was appointed as Da Sima. Month served as Taibao. He was successively awarded the title of Duke of Julu County, Changle County, Leping County, Gaoyang County and other counties for his various military exploits. [3] After being jealous of the emperor, after the Battle of Luoyang, Gao Wei, the empress of the Northern Qi Dynasty, once asked Gao Changgong: "What if an accident happens accidentally when we rush into the enemy's formation like this?" Gao Changgong replied: "State affairs are our family affairs. I wouldn't have thought of this on the battlefield." Later, because of what he said about "family matters," and when he heard the soldiers singing "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle," he began to suspect that he would rebel. [4] During the Battle of Dingyang, Gao Changgong replaced Duan Shao in commanding the army, but he often collected bribes and accumulated wealth. His subordinate Lieutenant Xiangyuan asked him: "Since you have been entrusted by the country, why are you so greedy?" Gao Changgong Without an answer, Wei Xiangyuan continued to ask: "Is it because you were so victorious in the Battle of Mangshan that you were afraid that your great achievements would shock the master and suffer jealousy, so you would do something that is looked down upon?" Gao Changgong said yes. Wei Xiangyuan said: "If the court is really jealous of you, this matter will be more likely to be regarded as a crime. If you can't avoid trouble, it will bring disaster faster." Gao Changgong cried and knelt down and asked Wei Xiangyuan how to solve it. Said: "You have made great achievements in battle before, and you still won the battle this time. Your reputation is too great. It is best to pretend to be sick at home and stop interfering in the country's political affairs." Gao Changgong agreed with him, but unfortunately there was no way to withdraw successfully.
[5] He was poisoned to death in May of the fourth year of Wuping (573). Gao Wei, the empress of the Northern Qi Dynasty, sent an envoy Xu Zhifan to deliver poisoned wine to Gao Changgong. Gao Changgong said to his wife Zheng: "I am so loyal to the country. How can I fail the emperor?" You want to give me poisoned wine?" His wife replied: "Why don't you explain it to the emperor in person?" Gao Changgong said, "How could the emperor meet me?" Then he drank and died. His wife Zheng entered Buddhism. He was given a posthumous title of Taiwei[6] and his posthumous title was King Wu. Characteristics: Long, respectful appearance, soft heart, and beautiful voice and appearance. If you work diligently and meticulously for your generals, every time you get something sweet, even if you have a melon with several fruits, you will definitely enjoy it with the soldiers. Changgong, the king of Lanling in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was talented and beautiful, and he often wore a mask to face the enemy. When he tried to attack Zhou Shi Jin Yong's city, he bravely defeated the three armies and made the Qi people strong. He danced to imitate the way he stabbed with his fingers, which is called "Lanling King Entering the Battle Song". Related events 1. When Gao Changgong was in Yingzhou, his subordinate Yang Shishen was dismissed from office because he listed evidence that Gao Changgong had accepted bribes. During the Battle of Dingyang, Yang Shishen also served in the army, fearing revenge. After hearing this, Gao Changgong said, "I didn't think so at first", so he deliberately found a small mistake and slapped Yang Shi with twenty sticks, so that he would no longer worry about it. 2. Once, in order to reward his military exploits, Gao Zhan, Emperor Wucheng of the Northern Qi Dynasty, ordered Jia Hu to buy 20 women for him as gifts, but he only accepted one. 3. Before his death, he burned all the IOUs that owed him money. It is said that the total amount was one thousand taels of gold. Historical records record life experience
The father of King Lanling was Emperor Wenxiang Gao Cheng, the eldest son of Northern Qi Emperor Shenwu Emperor Gao Huan, but his mother did not even have a surname, which made his life experience confusing. "Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty" contains: "Lanling Wu Wang Changgong, a filial piety, the fourth son of Wenxiang." It also records that among Wenxiang's six sons: "Queen Wen Jingyuan gave birth to Hejian Wang Xiaowan, and the Song family gave birth to Henan Wang Xiaoyu. The Wang family gave birth to Wang Xiaoheng of Guangning, Wang Changgong of Lanling had no mother's surname, the Chen family gave birth to King Yanzong of Ande, and the Yan family gave birth to Wang Shaoxin of Yuyang. "Appearance" "Book of Northern Qi" and "History of the North" say that he has "a soft appearance and a strong heart, and a strong voice." "Both beautiful and beautiful"; "Lanling King Zhongwu Monument" said that he had "a refreshing style, and his instruments were colorful and clear"; "Old Tang Book·Music Chronicles" said that he was "talented and powerful but with a beautiful face"; "Famous Stories of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" He is said to be a "white and beautiful woman". It can be seen that the beauty of King Lanling is indeed unquestionable and extraordinary. Mask When mentioning King Lanling, people's first impression is that King Lanling was a handsome man, and because he was too beautiful, he was afraid that he would not be able to deter the enemy, so he wore a mask. But looking at the real history, there is no record of King Lanling wearing a mask because of his excessive beauty. "Book of Northern Qi" and other historical records record: "In the defeat of Mangshan, Chang Gong was in the middle of the army. He led 500 cavalry to re-enter the Zhou army, and then reached the foot of Jin Yong. He was severely surrounded. The people on the city did not recognize him, so Chang Gong did not show off his armor. In the face of the enemy, he sent a crossbowman to rescue him, and the victory was achieved. "It is clearly recorded that he was wearing a helmet and not a mask. In the history books, soldiers with "iron mask" equipment appeared in the Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, and Western Wei, that is, heavy cavalry protective equipment that integrated a helmet and an iron face shield and had to take off the helmet to reveal the face. It was not a mask that was passed down in later generations. However, the later "Old Book of Tang·Music Chronicles" says: "Dai Mian came from the Northern Qi Dynasty. Changgong, the king of Lanling in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was talented and beautiful, and often wore a mask to fight the enemy. He tried to attack Zhou Shi Jin Yong's city, and bravely won the three armies, < /p>
Qi Ren Zhuangzhi danced for this purpose to imitate his commanding and stabbing style, and called it "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle Formation". "Yuefu Miscellaneous Records" says in the Drum Rack section: "There is a representative face." , began in the Northern Qi Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting. He wore a mask every time he entered the battle. He was an actor who was victorious in every battle. He was dressed in purple and had a gold whip. "Jiaofang Ji" said: "Da Mian came out of the Northern Qi Dynasty. King Lanling was brave and courageous, but the beautiful woman felt that she was not powerful enough to intimidate the enemy, so she carved a mask and put it in front of the battle. Because this play also entered Song." This is due to the widespread circulation of "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle" and the dance, and later generations' artistic processing of the image of King Lanling himself. Later, the "facial makeup" that appeared in Peking Opera may have something to do with the influence of the mask of King Lanling and the dance music "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle". With great reputation and good reputation, King Lanling participated in several battles in his life. One of the most widely praised is the famous "Battle of Mangshan" in history. In 564 AD, the Turks in the northern grasslands and the Northern Zhou in the Loess Plateau launched an attack on the Northern Qi. The important town of Luoyang in the Northern Qi was besieged by a 100,000-strong Northern Zhou army. Emperor Wucheng of the Northern Qi hurriedly mobilized troops to relieve the siege. Outside Luoyang City, the reinforcements of the Northern Qi Dynasty launched attacks one after another, but were defeated by the Northern Zhou army. They were about to face the annihilation of the entire army. At this time, King Lanling, who was appointed as the central general, wore a "big face", armor, and a sharp sword in his hand. He led five hundred elite cavalry and bravely fought into the encirclement of the Zhou army. He fought like a broken bamboo until he reached the gate of Luoyang City.
The Northern Qi army guarding the city was trapped for many days and did not dare to open the door rashly. King Lanling took off his trousers. The Northern Qi army on the city immediately cheered, opened the city gate, joined forces with the army outside the city, and fought bravely against the Zhou army. The Zhou army was defeated. "Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty" records: "In the defeat of Mangshan, Chang Gong was in the middle of the army. He led 500 cavalry to re-enter the Zhou army. Then he reached the foot of Jin Yong and was surrounded very urgently. No one on the city knew him. Chang Gong took off his armor to show him. He then lowered his crossbowmen to rescue him, which led to a great victory. The song of the warriors was called "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle". There are also historical records: Zhou Jun "abandoned the camp and marched from Mang Mountain to Gushui." Within ten miles, military supplies and equipment filled Sichuan." It was this great victory that made King Lanling so famous that the Emperor of Northern Qi named him Shangshu Ling. King Lanling was not only brave and good at fighting, and had many military exploits, but he was also loyal and kind to his subordinates. He was widely famous among soldiers and the society at that time. The Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty records: He "worked diligently and meticulously for the generals, and every time he got something sweet, even if he had several fruits for one melon, he would definitely enjoy it with the soldiers." He was able to be lenient even to his "political opponents." According to historical records, when Chang Gong was in Yingzhou, Yang Shishen, who was joining the army, came to report him for corruption and perversion of the law, and Chang Gong was dismissed from office. When Gao Changgong made a comeback and led his troops to attack Dingyang, Yang Shishen happened to be following orders in Gao Changgong's camp, so he was very afraid that Gao Changgong would take the opportunity to retaliate and kill him. For this reason, Gao Changgong comforted him and said, "I had no intention of doing so." But Yang Shishen was still uneasy and insisted on begging for punishment. Gao Changgong had no choice but to find a small fault and beat Yang Shishen twenty times to make him feel at ease. "Book of Northern Qi" also records a very "civilian" touching detail about him. It is said that once when he went to court, "all the servants who followed him were scattered, except for one person, Chang Gong, who returned alone." Afterwards, Gao Changgong did not take it seriously and "had no punishment." Tragic Fate "Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty" records: Changgong "lived in Si Prefecture, Mu Prefecture and Qingying Prefecture, and received a lot of wealth." There were often bribers coming in and out at the door, which made the people make irresponsible remarks. But what is the purpose of greedy for people's money is unknown. According to his own words, it was to smear his reputation and avoid the jealousy of the court. After the great victory at Mangshan, Wu Cheng rewarded his achievements and bought twenty beautiful concubines for him, but he "only accepted one of them" because he was afraid of being too public and making others jealous. It is also recorded that Chang Gong "had a thousand gold debt notes, which he burned on his deathbed." That is to say, before he died, he burned all the IOUs that others owed him. Judging from his generous and benevolent character in dealing with others, he does not look like a greedy and lustful person. Many historians believe that Gao Changgong deliberately embezzled money to avoid disaster. "Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty" records: When he was in Dingyang, his subordinate Wei Xiangyuan said: "Since the king has been sent by the imperial court, why is he so greedy and cruel?" Chang Gong did not answer. Xiangyuan said: "Isn't it because of the great victory in Mangshan that I am afraid that I will be jealous of my power and want to defile myself?" Chang Gong said: "Yes." Instead, it will lead to disaster." Chang Gong sobbed and asked for help on his knees. Xiangyuan said: "The king's prestige is too great. It's best to stay at home and recuperate and stop interfering in political affairs." Living in such a terrifying imperial family, it is impossible not to be nervous. From then on, Chang Gong claimed that he was ill every time he encountered war. Deliberately "not treating an illness" in order to avoid disaster. Once, when the Jianghuai bandits were harassing the army and the military situation was urgent, he was afraid of paying homage to the general again, so he complained to himself: "My face was swollen last year, why don't I get it now?" He really wished he could have his face swollen and pretend to be a patient. Gao Wei, the empress of the Northern Qi Dynasty, had a cowardly character. One day in 565 AD, when Gao Wei was talking to King Lanling about the victory at Mang Mountain, he said humanely, "If you enter the battle too deep, you will regret the defeat." When King Lanling heard that his cousin felt so sorry for him, he couldn't help but feel excited and warm, and he replied affectionately, "It's a close family affair." It was this sentence that showed closeness and loyalty to him. It resulted in death. Historical records: "The emperor disliked it for calling it family affairs, so he tabooed it." Because in the eyes of the petty empress Gao Wei, family affairs belong to me, Gao Wei, and are not something you, Gao Su, can say casually. He began to wonder whether King Lanling, who had military power, wanted to replace him and wanted to turn "state affairs" into "family affairs." After King Lanling said the wrong thing, he felt deeply that a disaster was coming, and he was in fear all day long. Although he repeatedly acted in a low-key manner and deliberately downplayed himself, he could not escape the tragic fate of "the king ordered the minister to die, and the minister had to die". One day in May of the fourth year of Wuping (AD 573), the later master Gao Wei sent an envoy to visit his brother Gao Su, and the gift he sent was a cup of poisonous wine. King Lanling was extremely sad and angry, and said to his beloved concubine Zheng: "I am loyal to my work, why should I betray heaven and be poisoned?" Concubine Zheng persuaded him: "Why not ask to see Tianyan?" The naive concubine Zheng thought it was possible. It's just a misunderstanding between brothers. As long as Gao Su pleads with the emperor, he may get his life back. But King Lanling knew in his heart that it was useless to ask Gao Wei for an explanation.
Years ago, Hu Luguang, an important minister and veteran who lived with him through life and death, was also innocently lured into the palace and brutally strangled to death with a bowstring? The despairing King Lanling said, "How can you see the beauty of the sky?" and then killed him. The wine was drained in one gulp and all bonds were burned before death. After his death, he was buried west of the capital Ye (now Ci County, Handan). A stele pavilion was built in the cemetery. In 1988, it was listed as a national key protected cultural relic. The thousand-year-old ancient song of cultural heritage - "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle" was also during the "Great Victory at Mangshan", the warriors of the Northern Qi Dynasty celebrated their victory with masked singing and dancing, and the widely circulated "The Song of the King of Lanling Entering the Battle" was born. The song then freezes into a solo dance by a man in a mask directing the stabbing. The melody is tragic, powerful, simple and melodious, describing the heroic scenes and exciting emotions at that time. After the birth of this song, it spread quickly among the people. During the Sui Dynasty, it was officially included in the palace dance music. During the mid-Tang Dynasty, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, designated it as "unorthodox" and issued an edict to ban its performance. Later, the true nature of martial arts gradually faded away and evolved into "soft dance". During the Southern Song Dynasty, it evolved into the name of Yuefu tune, called "Lanling Wang Man", which can be divided into Yue tune and Dashi tune. When singing in Yue Diao, it is divided into three sections and twenty-four beats. Mao Kai said in "Qiaoyin Notes" that "at the end of the section, the sound is still exciting" and there are still "leftover sounds" to be found. "Lanling Wang Slow" sung in Dashi tune is divided into front and back sections, with sixteen beats. According to Wang Zhuo's "Biji Manzhi", it is "no longer an old song". After that, the song gradually disappeared in our country. Fortunately, "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle" introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty retains several true features. In ancient Japan, this song was played repeatedly during the horse racing festival on May 5th, the sumo wrestling festival on July 7th, and archery competitions to celebrate victory. Until now, when the Kasuga Taisha Shrine in Nara, Japan holds its annual Japanese classical music and dance performance on the 15th of January, "Prince Lanling Enters the Battle Song" is still used as the first solo dance performance. The Japanese regard it as an orthodox elegant music and cherish it very much. They have a very strict system of "name inheritance" and "secret inheritance" for its preservation and inheritance, so that we are lucky enough to be able to enjoy the original flavor after thousands of years. , the magnificent and intense Lanling dance music. In 1986, cultural relics personnel in Cixian County, Hebei Province recovered the song through Japanese experts. On September 6, 1992, 1428 years after the song came out, under the organization of Ma Zhongli, a cultural administrator in Handan City, an orchestra led by Kanichi Kasagi, a professor at Nara University in Japan, performed in front of the tomb of King Lanling in Ci County This song. "The Song of King Lanling Entering the Battle" has since returned to its hometown. The tomb of Lanling King Gaosu is located 5 kilometers south of Ci County, Handan City. The tomb is tall, surrounded by flower-bedded walls, and has a stele pavilion. In 1920, local villagers dug up the "Stele of Lanling King Gaosu" while collecting soil for road construction. On the front of the stele are four lines of sixteen characters in seal script: "The stele of King Zhongwu in Lanling, the former king of Qi Dynasty, the right master of the right army of fake Huangyue." The inscription truly records the life experience of Lanling King Gao Su and the year when the monument was erected. Although the handwriting is faded and dim, it still retains its vigor and simplicity. Because of its historical materials and calligraphy artistic value, it is known as the first grade of Beibei. In 1988, the Lanling King Monument was listed as a key cultural relic under national protection. Family members Grandfather: Emperor Shenwu Gao Huan Grandmother: Empress Wuming Lou Zhaojun Father: Emperor Wenxiang Gao Cheng Mother: Unknown Wife: Zheng Brother: eldest brother Gao Xiaoyu, King of Kangxian of Henan, second brother Gao Xiaoheng, King of Guangning, third brother Gao Xiaowan, King of Hejian Younger brothers: fifth brother Ande King Gao Yanzong, sixth brother Yuyang King Gao Shaoxin Sister: Princess Le'an