(Figure 1) Different ways to write three "Tai" points. 2. Straight includes long or short horizontal and vertical. Its basic writing should be reversed; It is to hide the head and protect the tail, with round ends and the same thickness in the middle. There are also several horizontal or vertical ones, which are exposed when they go in and out. Such as (Figure 1) "Tai". The horizontal and vertical directions of Deng Zhuan's seal script are not all straight except that the vertical line in the middle is often slightly curved. Very energetic. Its brushwork can be seen from the horizontal painting of the word "Shang" and the horizontal painting of the word "X" in Figure 2. (Figure 2) Part 13. Arc in arc seal script can be divided into angular arc, semi-arc, arc, square arc and irregular arc. Except for some irregular arcs, arcs are all written in two strokes, taking arcs as an example; The writing method is basically the same as horizontal writing or vertical writing. Starting from the middle and upper part of the circle to be written, first write a semicircle to the left, then write a semicircle to the right from the head of the upper stroke, and meet at the lower part of the circle, leaving no trace of overlap. (Figure 3) The two arcs at the top of the word "big" and the two arcs at the bottom of the word "Zhu" are written with two strokes. (Figure 4) The arc above the word "Moon" is written in two strokes, and the irregular arc below the word "Moon" and the arc of the word "Duo" are written in one stroke. (Figure 3) Dazhu (Figure 4) (Figure 5) The outline of the word "wai" and "four" around the moon can be divided into two strokes or three strokes. Although it is an outer frame, it is also an arc. Second, the collection method of the seal script: reverse collection, pay attention to restraint and implication; Or reverse in and out, easy and smooth. The two ends of the painting are round, such as the top two paintings of the word "Gong" (Figure 6). Instead, the pen is flat, round and thick, while the pen is slightly pointed, as shown in Figure 6. However, the seal script collection is still dominated by Tibet, occasionally showing its front to show its spirit. (Figure 6) Gong Taisan, the pen lifting method: in the pen, at the bend, or the lifting method, round and smooth; Or stop first and then turn around to see the inside of the outer circle; Or use the method of folding in half, and square strength. (Figure 7) The drawing of the upper part of the word "Hui" is to stop first and then turn; The second half of the musical painting is the lifting method. (Figure 7) The zigzag method is often used in the music painting of the word "Ji". However, many methods are often used in one word. (Figure 7) Back to back 4. Processing method of line relation: 1. Parallelism: Straight lines in seal script are usually treated by parallelism, such as the horizontal painting of the word "Yi" (Figure 8), which is not really straight, but also curved. Curves in seal script are sometimes treated in parallel, such as the curves on the upper left and right of the word "Dao" (Figure 8). (Figure 8) Righteousness II. The relationship between embrace and opposition: the curves in seal script are mostly handled by embrace and opposition. Such as (Figure 9) the word "Lai", the curves on the left and right sides of the center line are all treated by embracing relationship; And (figure 9) the curves around the word "empty" are arranged in opposition to each other, and the word "empty" is often used at the same time and complements each other. For example (Figure 10), the outer two curves of the word "er" embrace each other, the inner two curves are opposite, and the left two curves and the right two curves form an embrace relationship respectively. (Figure 10) The curves at the bottom of the word "Zhuan" respectively constitute a wonderful combination of opposition and embrace. (Figure 9) Laikong (Figure 10) and seal script 3. Staggered relationship: When two or more lines of seal script hang down, we should pay attention to the uneven change of hanging feet. For example, the word "white" (figure 1 1) is only two vertical feet, but there are also high and low points. Another example is the uneven change of the four vertical feet of the word "wild goose" (figure 1 1). (Figure 1 1) White Goose 4. Symmetry: Line symmetry is an important feature of seal script. Such as (figure 12) "no" and "go"; (Figure 3) The word "big" and "Zhu". Although they are symmetrical, the two sides are not absolutely the same. We can still see the symmetry of change and dynamics. (Figure 12) Don't take the method of five, white cloth 1, be uniform: uniformity is the pursuit of white cloth in seal script. The method of parallel symmetry in the line is closely related to this. For example (Figure 13), the blank between the horizontal lines of the word "quantity" is almost the same as the blank around the center line. And (Figure 13) between the horizontal paintings in the upper half of the word "Nai", the blank in the lower half, up and down, left and right are almost the same. (Figure 13) The quantity is 2. Upper density and lower density: seal script not only pays attention to the uniformity of blank space between lines, but also pays attention to the change of density. In most cases, seal script adopts the arrangement of dense on the top and sparse on the bottom. For example (figure 14), the words "heart" and "lack" are both dense at the top and sparse at the bottom. (photo 14) heart shortage 3. The strokes of some characters in seal script extend upward. In this case, in addition to the upward painting, we should pay attention to the uneven changes, and the treatment of white cloth is to use the method of thinning on the top and dense on the bottom. Such as (Figure 15) "Zhi" and "Shi". (Photo 15) World VI. Structural method; 1, yield: (Figure 16) "Evil" and "Fool" are upper and lower structures. If they are not handled well, they will easily feel separated from each other. When dealing with the structure, the upper part expands outward and allows the lower part to enter, so that the upper part and the lower part can be integrated. (Photo 16) Evil Fool II. Left high and right low: there are only paintings that can extend upward on the left and strokes that can extend downward on the right, as shown in the figure 17. Or there is a picture extending up and down on the left, but there is only one picture extending down on the left, such as the word "good". In this case, the left and right positions are usually regarded as left high and right low. (photo 17) cicadas are good. 3. Left low and right high: only the left part can extend downward and the right part can extend upward, as shown in figure 18, or there are lines with the left part extending up and down and the right part extending upward, as shown in figure 18. Usually the left and right positions can be arranged as low left and high right. (Photo 18) Photo 4, left middle: there is no picture extending up and down on the left part, and there is a picture extending up and down on the right part, as shown in the picture 19. Or a picture stretching up and down from left to right, but the left part is slightly smaller than the right part, as shown in figure 19. In this case, the left-right position is usually regarded as the middle-left position. (Photo 19) Drunk essence 5. Upper level: the left half is small without vertical feet, and the right half is large with vertical feet, so the left and upper levels are often used, such as "Yu" and "Ming" in Figure 20. (Figure 20) indicates that words with left, middle and right structures should be arranged flexibly. Such as (Figure 2 1) "oblique", the left and middle parts adopt the left standing method, and the middle and right parts adopt the upper leveling method. And (Figure 2 1) the word "taboo", the left, middle and right part, takes the position of left high and right low, and the middle and right part takes the horizontal position. (Figure 2 1) Avoid 6. Surround the quadrangle completely: (Figure 5) The word "wai" In Figure 5, various horizontal paintings divide the space neatly, making the blank comfortable and bright, which is also extremely important in the structure of seal script. (Figure 5) The two vertical lines in the Chinese character "Si" bend outward and show a tendency to retreat, which is in contrast with the vertical painting on the outside and folded by the horizontal painting below, making the strokes beautiful and lively. To sum up, the brushwork of seal script introduced is not only the general law of seal script, but also the brushwork of seal script developed by Deng. Only by understanding each kind of seal script can we truly realize Deng's contribution to the development of seal script.