I. Historical Records and Pedigree Basis
We looked up the records about Zhang's ancestor, and there were as many as 17 kinds in the book. "Poetry" Day: "Wave like a bow and seek enemies." This is the earliest record of waving. Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "The Yellow Emperor lived in the hill of Xuanyuan and married the daughter of Xiling as Leizu. Lei Zu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to two sons. After the world: one day for Qingyang, Qingyang settled in the river; The second day is prosperous, like water flowing. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan and the servant of Richang, and gave birth to Levin, who was virtuous. When the Yellow Emperor collapsed, Levin, the son of Sun Changyi, was buried in Qiao Shan as Emperor Zhuan Xu. " Tang Dynasty's Yuan He Shi Bian said: Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born and lingering, bowing, watching the arc stars, making bows and arrows, and worshiping the arc stars, because of his surname Zhang. Song Ouyang Xiu's "List of Prime Ministers in the New Tang Dynasty" said: "Zhang gave her surname, Qingyang Wuzi, the son of the Yellow Emperor, wielded bows and arrows, and later generations gave her the surname Zhang." During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang's genealogy was rebuilt: "Zhang came from Xuanyuan, Huangdi, and was born in Wu Jintian, also known as Qingyang. Wuzi waved his bow and arrow, and went to Gong Zheng to worship the arc star. The world is in charge, giving the surname Zhang. "
As can be seen from the above documents, "Hua" is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, which is undoubtedly true in other historical books, but the Tongzhi written in the Song Dynasty thinks that Xie Zhang is the ancestor of Zhang's surname. However, Yao is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor or the son of the Yellow Emperor; Swing is the son of Qingyang family of Xuantao or Qingyang family of Shao Hao, but there are differences. We believe that Hua is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Qingyang. There are two reasons: ① The date of Mandarin: "All the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor have fourteen surnames, which are twelve surnames, namely, Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Gu, Yi and Yi." (Two of them have the same surname as Ji, and two have their own surnames). Records of the Five Emperors are recorded in Historical Records, Notes, Shiben and Li Ji from generation to generation. Among the twelve surnames obtained by the son of the Yellow Emperor, there is no Zhang surname, indicating that Zhang surname is not given by the Yellow Emperor, nor is it the son of the Yellow Emperor, but the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and he is an uncle and a contemporary with Emperor Zhuan Xu. (2) A famous contemporary ethnologist, Mr. He Guangyue, verified that Jintian, Shao Hao, was born in Dongyi and was not descended from Qingyang, the Yellow Emperor. It also ruled out that Shao Hao was the son of the Yellow Emperor, and it was more credible to be the son of Qingyang.
However, the question of "son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor" has been debated for thousands of years in history, and each has its own important literature basis; It is normal that the history books of later generations are inconsistent and controversial, because he lived in the era of ancient legends. Therefore, our attitude is: the two views should respect each other, tolerate each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, and no one can force anyone to change the genealogy. We believe that with the passage of time and the in-depth study of surname culture, the understanding will gradually be unified.
Second, the ground observation and inspection
Why is Xiao Xuan called Qingyang? This is related to its fiefs. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "there are mountains in the south and water in the north is the sun". Qingyang, that is, the sun of clear water (shared by Qing and ancient times), and the ancient Qinghe River flows through Puyang.
"Reading Historical Records" Day: "Qishui passes through Neihuang County, and Baigou in the south is also Yangjiang." Another day: "Qi Shui ... crossed the Yellow River, crossed Qingfeng and entered the river, so it was blasphemous." "Pre-Han Geography" Day: "Qinghe goes out of Neihuang County." The above quotation shows that Guqinghe, Qihe and Baigou are different names of the same river. "The Book of Songs Feng Wei Mang" article: "Mang cockroaches, embrace cloth trade silk. When robbers came to trade silk, they came to me. Sending children involves Qi, and as for Dunqiu ... "Gas-related" means "gas-related water" and "gas-related water" means "Guqinghe"; Dunqiu is an ancient city name, located in Puyang City and the west of Xun County. This ancient poem also shows that there is an ancient Qinghe River near Diqiu. Today, the villagers in Zhangyi Village, Banjia Village and Diandang Village in Puyang City still refer to the north of the village as the North Qinghe and the south as the South Qinghe. Zhangyicun is the hometown of Zhang Yi, a strategist in the Warring States Period. Up to now, there is still a "Zhangyi Temple Site" in the village. There are eight surnames in this village, including Zhang, Yin and Li. Only Zhang is an old resident, and the others are immigrants. According to the "Li's Genealogy" revised in the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, "Li went out of Longxi and spread all over the world. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, he moved from Hongdong to Wangjiazhuang in the north of Kaizhou, and from Wangjiazhuang to Qingyi Zhangyi Village. "Yin's Genealogy" continued in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, recording: "Yin, a native of Hongdong, Shanxi Province, moved to Qingyi Village during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. "Why is this place called Qingyi? It must be related to the ancient Qinghe River flowing through this place, and it is probably the "Qingyang" of Xuantao's fief. Qingyi "still exists in the Ming dynasty, but it is no longer there today." According to the famous historian Mr. Zhu Shaohou, "Diqiu (now Puyang) was the transition area between Dongyi and Huangdi in ancient times. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor had to consolidate Diqiu, so he sealed his son Xiao Xuan in Qingyang. "So Zhang's ancestors waved their hands, lived in his father's fief in the upper reaches of the ancient Qinghe River since childhood, and later became old in Diqiu for Emperor Zhuan Xu. Because he wielded a very clever and heroic weapon, he watched the arc stars at night, bent branches and made bows and arrows, which greatly improved the fighting capacity of the Zhuan Xu tribe. Bows and arrows are used for hunting, and the number of birds and animals hunted is unprecedented, which improves the living standard of the tribe; Used in the war, defeated the * * * industrial tribe contending with Zhuan Xu for the emperor, and made the territory ruled by Zhuan Xu "as for you Ling in the north, Jiaodian in the south, quicksand in the west and Panmu in the east". Because of his outstanding contribution to public affairs, Emperor Zhuan Xu named him Gong Zheng (also known as Zhang), which is in line with historical reality.
Some people say that there is more than one Qinghe River in China. Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui and other provinces have Qinghe. How can we conclude that the ancient Qinghe River in Puyang is the location of Qingyang, a feudal city in Xuandao? This is because Puyang was called Imperial Mountain in ancient times, and Zhuan Xu built its capital here. Up to now, the four characters of "Zhuan Xu's Legacy Capital" are still engraved on the four archways in the center of Puyang. After Zhuan Xu and Di Ku died, they were buried in the Mausoleum. Now the mausoleum still exists, which is not found in any Qinghe River. Therefore, only the ancient Qinghe River near Diqiu is the location of Qingyang, and it is also the city where Xiao Xuan was awarded the title of Qingyang.
Third, the research results of contemporary national history.
Mr. He Guangyue's statement that he is the son of Qingyang's family is quite authoritative in today's historical circles, which provides an important basis for studying the origin of Zhang's family name. After years of research and textual research, Mr. Xie, a famous expert in national history, confirmed that Zhang was from Puyang. Its research results were published in European Times, Henan Radio and Television News and other domestic and foreign newspapers from 65438 to 0994.
The above arguments fully prove that Hua Gong is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, and he got his surname by inventing bows and arrows. Zhang's ancestral home in Puyang is the origin of Zhang's surname.
In addition, later generations also took characters as surnames, and some changed their surnames for various reasons. For example, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a Zhang Jie named Zhang Hou in the State of Jin. He fought bravely in the Battle of Saddle in Jin Qi, with outstanding achievements. Later generations took his name as his surname and changed his surname to Zhang. During the Warring States Period, in order to avoid the persecution of the enemy, wei ren Fan Ju changed his name and surname, calling himself Zhang Lu, and went west to the State of Qin. He made many suggestions for the king of Qin and made great achievements. Zhang Liao, a famous soldier of the Three Kingdoms, was originally named Nie. Zhang Yan, the leader of the Black Mountain Rebel Army at the end of Han Dynasty, was originally named Chu. Another minority changed their surname to Zhang. In contemporary China, more than a dozen ethnic minorities, such as Hui, Man, Tibetan and Miao, are surnamed Zhang. But this is just a branch, a stream, not the source.
Historical source
One; From the surname "Ji", according to Tongzhi. A short-lived family. Taking the word as the surname, Zhang was a Jin official for several generations, and Jin was divided into three generations, followed by a Korean official, and gradually became a noble family.
Second; Changed the surname, the original surname of Zhang Liao of the Three Kingdoms Wei was Nie and Zhang. Zhuge Liang of Shu named Longyou, the leader of Nanman, as Zhang in the Three Kingdoms.
Third; Since the Han Dynasty, the number of Zhang has been increasing, which is related to the rise and popularity of Taoism at that time. Taoism claims to have originated from the Yellow Emperor, but the saying that "the Yellow Emperor gave Zhang his surname" prevailed, with Taoist leaders such as Zhang Lu and others.
Fourth; According to the "Yuanhe Shidian" cloud; "Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to a swing, and made bows and arrows in order to bow down and guard the lone star. He worshipped because of his surname Zhang."
Family celebrities
Zhang Yi (former? ~ 309) Ren Wei in the Warring States Period. King Hui of Qin lobbied the six countries with Lian Heng's strategy to make them betray the treaty and serve Qin. Hui Wang died, the six countries jointly promoted Qin, and the ministers slandered him, but he went to Qin for Wei Xiang and died a year later.
Sean (former? -the former 186) ovary. Famous officials in the early Han Dynasty. Originally Han's son, Qin destroyed Han, and he wanted revenge. He made people attack the first emperor in Bolangsha, but failed, so he changed his name and surname and hid in Xiapi, where he was subjected to the Taigong Art of War. Later, I planned to establish the world for the high-impedance, seal Liu Hou, treat the situation well at night, and learn to avoid the valley. A pawn is a success.
Zhang Daoling (34 ~ 155), a native of Guo Pei in the Eastern Han Dynasty (now northwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province), was the real founder of Taoism. Scholars who want to confuse people with the charm of water must produce five buckets of rice, so the world calls it five buckets of rice. Also known as Zhang Tianshi.
Zhang Fei (? ~ 27 1) The word "one virtue" means "one virtue" and "one virtue" means "one virtue". Don't worry about Guan Yu. Liu Bei is an enemy of ten thousand people. Official to ride a general, seal the marquis of Xixiang. Liu Bei attacked Wu, led the troops to meet him, and was killed by his men before sending troops. Yan Huan
Princess Chen Houzhu of Zhang Lihua in the Southern Dynasties was gorgeous, intelligent, and had a good memory. She was often held in her lap by her late master, which was a major event of commercial and military power. When the country perished, it fell into the well with the dead, but Sui Jun caught it and cut it off. Later, it was enshrined as the October hibiscus god.
Zhang (1525 ~ 1582) was born in Jiangling, Ming Dynasty. Mu Zongshi entered the cabinet, and Shen Zongshi recorded it, with a solid reputation and clear rewards and punishments. The rectification of Ji Gang and the implementation of whipping lasted for ten years, which was called family rule. Pawn Wenzhong. He is the author of Taiyue Collection and Emperor's Painting Theory.
Zhangqian (? ~ Former 1 14), a native of Chenggu (now Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) in the Western Han Dynasty. When Liang Wudi was a military attache, he paid homage to the corps commander, sent ambassadors to Wusun, and sent envoys to Dawan, Kangju and Daxia. Since then, the communication between the northwest countries and the Han Dynasty enabled the Han Dynasty to communicate with Central Asia, opened up two routes to the western regions, and introduced excellent horse breeds, grapes and alfalfa.
Zhang Xu was born in Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Tang Dynasty, and his date of birth and death is unknown. He is a famous calligrapher, especially in cursive script, and is known as the sage of grass. His calligraphy has a strange escape, continuous entanglement and a new style. There are Li Bai's poems and Pei Min's sword dance. According to legend, he was drunk and often ran away shouting, so he wrote. Sometimes books are written in ink, so they are called Zhangdian and Bookstore.
Zhang Shicheng (132 1 ~ 1367) was born in Taizhou (now Taixian County, Jiangsu Province) in the Yuan Dynasty. One of the heroes at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Ben is engaged in the transportation of salt. Later, according to Wuzhong, he claimed to be the king of Wu. Later, he was captured by Ming generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun and committed suicide.
Zhang Sanfeng's date of birth and death is unknown. Tai Ji Chuan, created by Wudang Taoist in Song Dynasty, was famous at that time, and its method was passed down to later generations, called Neijia Boxing, also known as Wu Tangzong. Or Zhang Sanfeng. (2) Quan Ming, Jun Bao, was born in Yizhou, Liaodong, Ming Dynasty (now Heishan County), with an unknown date of birth and death. Because of its untidiness, it is also called Zhang untidiness. The history books say that he didn't go hungry for months, but he knew before that it was impossible for Taizu and Chengzu to ask for it. Yingzong gave it to Tongwei and became a real person.
Zhang (1875 ~ 1928) is from Fengcheng. In the Republic of China, the official governor of the three northeastern provinces mastered the military and political power of the three northeastern provinces and was the leader of the Feng Department. Two direct wars, losing first and winning later. In the Republic of China 16, he was called the Grand Marshal and set up a government in Beijing. In seventeen years, the National Revolutionary Army went to Hebei, suffered a military defeat and returned to the customs. Until Huanggutun was wounded by the Japanese army, he died after several injuries.
Geocentric distribution
Qinghe County in Henan, Nanyang County in Henan, Wu Jun County in Jiangsu, Anding County in Gansu, Dunhuang County in Gansu, Wuwei County in Gansu and Fanyang County in Hebei.