Top Ten Traitors of the Republic of China
Wang Jingwei (name Zhaoming, courtesy name Jixin, nickname Jingwei, 1883-November 10, 1944).
The ancestral home is Shanyin, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing), and he was born in Sanshui, Guangdong. In his early years, he participated in the China Alliance. In March 1910, he attempted to assassinate the regent Prince Zaifeng, but was arrested. In prison, he wrote a poem, "Introducing the sword to make a quick move, and living up to the youth's head", which was widely recited for a while. He was released after the Wuchang Uprising. He once served as editor-in-chief of "Min Bao". In 1924, he was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang and served as Minister of Propaganda Department. In July 1925, the Guangdong National Government was established and he was elected chairman of the National Government Standing Committee and Chairman of the Military Committee. In 1927, the July 15th Incident was launched in Wuhan, and after Nanjing, Shanghai and Han merged, he served as a member of the Nanjing National Government. In May 1931, the anti-Chiang factions united to form the National Government in Guangzhou and confronted the National Government in Nanjing. After the September 18th Incident, Chiang and Wang formed the government together, and Wang Jingwei became the executive president. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as vice chairman of the Supreme National Defense Council and vice president of the Kuomintang. His status was second only to Chiang Kai-shek. On December 29, 1938, a "brilliant telegram" was sent. The telegram stated that Japan "has no territorial claims on China" and "respects China's sovereignty" and can enable China to "complete its independence" and maintain "mutual good neighborliness and friendship,* "We must adhere to the three principles of anti-Japanese aggression and economic cooperation" and "exchange sincerity with the Japanese government in order to restore peace." By doing so, "not only can the northern provinces be preserved, but also the areas that have been occupied since the War of Resistance can be recovered, and the independence and integrity of sovereignty and administration can also be maintained." The National Government was formed in Nanjing on March 30, 1940, and Wang served as President of the Executive Council, Chairman of the State Council, and Chairman of the Supreme National Defense Conference of the Central Political Committee. Died of illness in Nagoya, Japan on November 10, 1944.
Cao Rulin (1877-1966)
A native of Shanghai, named Runtian. He studied in Japan in his early years. In the spring of 1911, he was appointed deputy minister of foreign affairs of the Qing government. In August 1913, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Yuan Shikai's government. In 1915, together with Lu Zhengxiang, he was ordered by Yuan to negotiate with Japan and signed the "Twenty-one Articles" that ceded power and humiliated the country. After 1916, he served as the Chief of Communications and Chief of Finance of the Beiyang Warlord Government. During the May 4th Movement in 1919, Beijing students unanimously demanded the punishment of three pro-Japanese traitors, including Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, and Zhang Zongxiang. On June 10, the Beijing government was forced to order the removal of Cao and three others. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the supreme adviser to the puppet North China Provisional Government and an advisory member of the North China Government Affairs Commission. He fled to Taiwan in 1949, later to Japan, and died in the United States.
Zhou Fohai (1897-1948) was born in Yuanling, Hunan.
Study in Japan in his early years. In July 1921, he participated in the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China. After the meeting, he returned to Japan to study and graduated from Kyoto Imperial University. In 1924, he left the Communist Party and joined the Kuomintang. After the Northern Expedition captured Wuhan in 1926, he served as secretary-general and director of the Political Department of the Central Military and Political School. After 1929, he successively served as director of the Political Training Division of the Training Directorate of the Kuomintang Government, member of the Jiangsu Provincial Government and Director of the Education Department, Minister of Public Training of the Central Party Department of the Kuomintang, and Director of Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. At the end of 1938, he surrendered to the enemy with Wang Jingwei. After 1940, he successively served as member of the Central Executive Committee of the Wang Puppet Kuomintang, Minister of Police of the Wang Puppet Government, Vice President of the Executive Yuan and Minister of Finance, and Mayor of Shanghai. After Japan surrendered, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief of the Shanghai Action Corps. He was later arrested under pressure from public opinion. Died in Nanjing Prison in 1948
Chen Bijun (1891--1959) was a native of Xinhui, Guangdong, and was born in George Town, Penang Island, Malaya (today's Penang).
In the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1907), he met Wang Jingwei in Penang and joined the Tongmenghui. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), he followed Wang to study in Japan. In the second year, he returned to Beijing with Wang to carry out the secret mission of assassinating the regent. In May 1912, he and Wang Jingwei officially announced their marriage. In 1924, he was elected as the Central Supervisory Committee member at the first National Congress of the Kuomintang. In 1938, Wang publicly surrendered to Japan. During the Wang Puppet regime, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Supervisory Commission and a member of the Central Political Committee. In 1946, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for treason by the Kuomintang authorities. In May 1949, he was sent from Suzhou Prison to Shanghai Tilanqiao Prison for further detention. In 1959, he died of illness in the Shanghai Prison Hospital.
Zheng Xiaoxu (1860～1938) was a modern poet and calligrapher.
The courtesy name is Su Kan, the other is Tai Yi, and the nickname is Haizang. A native of Minhou, Fujian. In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1882), he was elected.
From the secretary of the cabinet to the official official. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu's reign, he traveled east to Japan and served as secretary of the embassy. The following year, he was promoted to consul in Japan and transferred to consul general in Kobe and Osaka. Returned to China after twenty years. The Liguan Prime Minister is responsible for the affairs of various countries in Zhangjing, the general office of the southern section of the Beijing-Hankow Railway, and supervises the border affairs of Guangxi. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), he was the chief envoy of Hunan. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he regarded himself as an elder. He first had a building in Shanghai, named Hai Zanglou, where he lived and often sang with the elders. In the end, he rebelled against the country, followed the Japanese invaders, and served as Prime Minister of the Puppet Manchukuo State. His old friends, such as Chen Yan, Chang Guangsheng, etc., all broke up with him.
Zhang Zongxiang (1879-1962) was born in Wuxing, Zhejiang, with the courtesy name Zhonghe.
In his early years, he studied at Tokyo Imperial University in Japan. After returning to China, he worked in the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the Qing government. In 1912, he served as Secretary of the Presidential Office of Yuan Shikai. In 1914, he was appointed Attorney General. In 1916, he was appointed as the minister to Japan. He colluded with Cao Rulin, the then Minister of Communications, and Lu Zongyu, the former minister to Japan. Under the instruction of Duan Qirui, he sold the country's sovereignty and borrowed large amounts from Japan, which aroused the anger of the people across the country. The May 4th Movement broke out in 1919. Under strong protests from people across the country, the Beiyang warlord government was forced to remove Cao, Zhang, Lu and others from their posts. In 1920, he served as the general manager of the China Delta Bank, a joint venture between China and Japan. In 1925, he was appointed general manager of Beijing Commercial Bank. After 1928, he lived in Qingdao. In 1942, he served as an advisory member of the puppet North China Government Affairs Committee. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he moved to Shanghai.
Lu Zongyu (1876-1941) was named Runsheng. A native of Haining, Zhejiang.
In 1899, he went to Japan to study at Waseda University. After returning to China in 1902, he served as a lecturer at the Jinshi Hall and the Police Academy, and as the director of the patrol department. In the winter of 1906, he went abroad with Zaize to inspect constitutional government. In 1907, he was transferred to the General Office of Fengtian Western Affairs Bureau and took charge of the salt affairs of the three eastern provinces. The following year, he was promoted to the position of alternate fourth rank Jingtang. In 1909, he went to Beijing to serve as a librarian in the Constitutional Compilation and Inspection Bureau. In October 1910, he was elected as a member of the Zizhengyuan. In the autumn of the following year, he was appointed as associate director of the Bank of Communications and director of the Printing and Casting Bureau. After the Wuchang Uprising, Ren Du was appointed Youcheng of the branch and acted as deputy minister. Later he served as financial adviser to Yuan Shikai's presidential office. Elected to the Senate in 1913. In December of the same year, he was appointed minister to Japan. At the beginning of 1915, he was dispatched by Yuan Shikai, together with Lu Zhengxiang and Cao Rulin, to negotiate with the Japanese side and sign the "Twenty-One Measures" that would lose power and humiliate the country. On June 8, he exchanged letters with Japan in Tokyo to ratify the treaty. In August 1917, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of the China Banking Corporation Limited, a joint venture between China and Japan, and had repeatedly borrowed money from Japan. On April 19, 1919, he was appointed as the supervisor of Chahar Longyang Iron Mine (now Hebei) Company. During the May 4th Movement, he, Cao Rulin and Zhang Zongxiang were denounced as traitors by the masses. In June, he was dismissed. After 1925, he once served as the Provisional Senate to participate in politics. In 1940, the Puppet National Government was established and Wang was hired as a consultant to the Executive Yuan. Died of illness in Peiping on June 1, 1941
Chu Minyi (1884-1946) was a famous amateur Kunqu opera artist, veteran of the Kuomintang, and Japanese traitor. The original name is Ming Yi, with the character Chongxing and the signature Lotte layman. A native of Nanxun Town, Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province (now Huzhou City).
In 1903, he traveled to Japan to study. In 1906, he went to France with his fellow countryman Zhang Jingjiang. When he passed through Singapore, he participated in the League of China. After arriving in Paris, he founded the China Publishing House with Wu Zhihui, Li Shizeng, Cai Yuanpei and others, and published "New Century Monthly" " and "World Pictorial", etc., promoted the anti-Manchu revolution. In November 1911, after the liberation of Shanghai, he returned to Shanghai and married Chen Shunzhen, the adopted daughter of Chen Bijun's mother. In May 1912, he served as the general affairs director of the Tongmenghui headquarters in Shanghai. Will go to Europe again in September. In the spring of 1915, he returned to Shanghai to overthrow Yuan, and in September he went to Europe three times. In 1920, together with Wu Zhihui and Li Shi, he founded the French-Chinese University of Lyon in France and served as vice president. In 1924, he obtained a doctorate in medicine from the University of Strasbourg, France. At the end of the year, he returned to China to engage in education. He successively served as professor, acting president of Guangdong University, and concurrently as dean of Guangdong Medical College. In January 1926, he was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee at the Second National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang, and was later promoted to executive member. In July, he served as the director of the rear military medical department of the National Revolutionary Army Headquarters during the Northern Expedition, and stayed in Guangzhou. In 1928, he served as the principal of Shanghai Sino-French Industrial College. In January 1932, Wang Jingwei was appointed President of the Executive Yuan of the National Government, and Chu was appointed Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan. Before the fall of Shanghai in 1937, he served as the dean of the Sino-French National Polytechnic and the director of the medical research department of the Sino-French Technical School. He did not withdraw to the west. In May 1939, Wang Jingwei went to Shanghai and became one of the core figures of Wang's puppet government.
The puppet Nationalist Government was established in Nanjing at the end of March 1940. Wang was appointed President of the Executive Yuan, and Chu was appointed Vice President and Minister of Foreign Affairs. In December, he was appointed "ambassador" to Japan. In October 1941, he returned to Nanjing and resumed his duties as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He also serves as the chairman of the Puppet-China-Japanese Cultural Association. There is an opera group within the association, with Pu Dong directing the filming and singing. In 1942, Chu served as a special envoy to Japan and was awarded the first-class Rising Sun Medal by the Emperor of Japan. On October 14, 1945, he was trapped by the Military Command Bureau in Guangzhou. On August 23, 1946, he was shot at the execution ground of Shizikou Prison in Suzhou on August 23, 1946. Aged 62.
Jiang Chaozong (1861-1943), known as Shiyao, was originally named Yucheng. During the Republic of China, he changed his name to Cheng, his Taoist name was Dazhong, and his Zhai name was Siwuxuan. Because he ranked fourth, he was known as "Mr. Four". A native of Jingdejiang Village, he lived in Mabu Town, Lu'an Prefecture (now part of Jinzhai County) and was an important figure in the Beiyang warlords.
Jiang Chaozong had a poor family and abandoned school in his early years. He studied business at the Mabu Jixundian Shop set up by Liu Mingchuan, a general of the Huai Army in the late Qing Dynasty. In the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1884), he went to Taiwan to join Liu (who was supervising Taiwan's military affairs at that time) to participate in the fight against the French army. After Liu Bu conquered Keelung, Jiang was promoted to naval commander. The following year, after the Qing government signed the "New Sino-French Treaty" with France, Jiang returned to the mainland to handle relief work in Jiangnan and other places. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899, he accompanied Yuan Shikai and was responsible for paying the enemy's weapons and detecting the enemy's situation. In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu's reign, the Boxer Movement arose. Jiang was responsible for handling disputes between Boxers and Catholics in Zhili and coastal areas of Shandong. In the 31st year of Guangxu's reign, Jiang Liu was in charge of the winter defense of the capital and coordinated the guarding of the forbidden areas of the palace. After being approved by Yuan Shikai, the governor of Zhili, he was appointed by the prefect to stay in Zhili. In December 1915, Yuan Shikai announced the restoration of the imperial system and established the "Enthronement Ceremony Preparatory Office", of which Jiang Chaozong was a member. In 1917, there was a dispute between the Presidential Palace of Li Yuanhong and Duan Qirui's State Council, and Li called his "braid commander" Zhang Xun to Beijing to mediate. Zhang led his troops to Beijing and forced Li to dissolve the National Assembly as a condition for mediation. At that time, Wu Tingfang was the Prime Minister of the Cabinet. So Jiang Chaozong became the Prime Minister on June 12, 1917, brazenly ordering the dissolution of Congress in defiance of the disapproval of the world. Members of Congress who had taken refuge in Shanghai sent a joint telegram to oppose Jiang on the grounds that Jiang was not a cabinet member and could not serve as acting prime minister. On June 24, Jiang announced his resignation. Later, he was appointed by Duan Qirui as General "Diwei" of the General Mansion. In 1921, Jiang Chaozong recommended Xu Shiying as the governor of Anhui Province, and he regarded himself as the "Tai Shang Governor". After that, although Jiang lost control of the military and political power, he still regarded himself as an old man of the Qing Dynasty, a great man of the Republic of China, and a socialite. After the July 7th Incident, he surrendered to the Japanese invaders and became a traitor. Since he died of illness before Japan surrendered, a more "decent" funeral was held
Qi Xieyuan (1879-1946), courtesy name Fuwan, was directly under the jurisdiction of Ninghe County (now part of Tianjin) city) people.
He was a scholar during the Guangxu period and was later admitted to the Baoding Army Crash Course. During the Republic of China, the troops he led suffered repeated defeats, but his position was gradually promoted from brigade commander to deputy commander. He defected to the Japanese invaders in 1937. In 1940, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the North China Appeasement Army by the Wang Puppet Government in Nanjing. After Japan surrendered, he was executed in Yuhuatai, Nanjing in 1946.