What kinds of Arabic patterns are there?

Arabic decorative patterns include geometric patterns, plant patterns and calligraphy patterns: 1. Geometric patterns. Circles and squares are the basis of all geometric patterns, and other types of patterns are also derived from these patterns. Arab geometric patterns are mainly star-shaped patterns, which embodies the Islamic concept of integration of heaven and earth. There are many combinations of star patterns. For example, a triangle can become a five-pointed star or a six-pointed star. The quadrangle becomes an octagon, with the former representing all directions and the latter representing all directions. People can think of the sky and the earth, the center and Fiona Fang, spirit and matter through the star patterns. In addition to star-shaped patterns, geometric patterns also include various combined patterns with geometric patterns such as squares, crosses and swastikas, as well as kink knitting patterns with unique ideas. Islamic art uses geometric ornamentation before other ethnic groups and religious arts in the world, and takes it as the main decorative art. Star patterns are common in architecture and wooden and bronze works of art. Geometric ornamentation not only expresses Muslims' appreciation taste, but also proves their rich geometric knowledge. Geometric ornamentation was highly appreciated in Chom, Syria and Egypt, and later spread to Turkey in North Africa. Today, geometric decoration attracts people's attention in modern buildings in Sham area.

Second, the plant pattern. The plant pattern in Arabic decorative patterns is not a concrete depiction of trees and flowers, but a variant of wavy curve geometric patterns. The most typical shape is the date palm leaf pattern, which originated in Greece. The main pattern is a fan-shaped date palm leaf, which has a continuous and infinite extension of abstract style and symbolizes the profoundness and vitality of all things in the universe. Plants also have sacred tree patterns symbolizing the tree of life, which are from Sasan art in Iran. The typical pattern of making a sacred tree is to draw two opposite animals on both sides of a big tree. After the 9 th century, the lines of the sacred tree gradually became abstract, the trunk became slender and vertical, and the branches and leaves were spiral. Later, grape grain with bent stems and vines wrapped around branches appeared in plant patterns. Muslims use plant patterns to reproduce nature. The repetitive, continuous, relative or similar patterns of leaves and trunks run through the principles of abstraction and symbol. Plant patterns appeared in the 9th century, when you can see the stucco patterns on the walls of the ruins of Samara City and Toulon, Egypt. During the Fatima period, the art of plant decoration developed and reached its peak in the13rd century. Later, plant patterns spread to Iran and were decorated on glazed tiles, which had the artistic characteristics of China. Plant patterns are very popular in Iran and India. Streamlined branches, leaves and stamens are all over carpets, books, doorways, mosques and concave walls. The flower patterns of pine trees are often carved on the pillars of the mausoleum, representing future generations and their happiness, tranquility, abundance and beauty.

Third, calligraphy patterns. Arabic calligraphy has many fonts, emphasizing vertical and horizontal strokes and strong decoration. Kufa strokes are shaped like dates or flowers. Nass black body and three-in-one pay attention to vertical strokes, and the curves are varied; Lukua's body is solemn and generous, and its structure is neat; Divani's body is graceful and ups and downs, and the structure is just right. The blank of the stroke is decorated with rosettes and commas, which is regarded as the traditional black and white flower-and-bird painting in China. The above Arabic fonts are all characteristics of curve change. As a decorative means, it is similar to the wavy lines of plant patterns. Since the 8th century, Islamic artists have been decorating the walls, vaults, ticket gates and concave walls of mosques with Arabic calligraphy.