See if it works @ _-
First, the earliest currency: Beibi.
Shells have been the main form of money since Xia and Shang Dynasties. In the Central Plains, seashells such as cargo shells, jujube shells and scallops are mainly used. The length and width are within 3x2 cm, with friends as the unit, ten scallops as friends and two scallops as friends. Most of them are perforated backs. With the increase of communication activities, imitation shells, such as copper, bone, stone and mussel, have gradually appeared.
In remote areas such as Yunnan, Beibi was used until the Qing Dynasty.
Second, pre-Qin copper coins: During this period, China copper coins became mature.
1, cloth coins: There were many kinds of cloth coins in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At first, they were copper coins evolved from agricultural tools and shovels. The earliest shovel-shaped coins retained the characteristics of copper shovel and were modeled according to the tools used. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was reduced to empty money, generally 9.3- 10. 1 cm long and 22.5-35.5g heavy.
2. Knife coins: mainly Yan's knife coins and Qi's big knife coins. In addition, during the Warring States period, Zhao also cast a small straight knife with a straight and thin shape.
Yan's knife coins are divided into needle knife coins and pointed knife coins. Needle knife coins have a sharp tip and a ring at the end of the handle. They are14-16.5cm long,1.9-2.2cm wide and weigh15.5-18g. Some sharp knives have larger coins.
The size of Qida Knife Coin is large, and the back contour was interrupted in the early stage. The characters on the coin surface are mostly added with names, which are divided into six-character knives, five-character knives, four-character knives and three-character knives according to the number of words.
3. Money: After the mid-Warring States period, countries began to cast money for round holes. Countries vary in size and weight. I won't describe them one by one.
Third, Qin and Han copper coins:
1, Qin and Han Dynasties: In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang abolished the six currencies and unified the casting of round square-hole coins weighing 12 baht, which laid the foundation for copper coins. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that round square hole coins were replaced by non-hole round coins. There are many half-taels in Qin dynasty, but it is difficult to distinguish them from those in Han dynasty. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang allowed the people to privately cast coins, resulting in half a coin. By BC 186, it was forbidden, with eight baht at high time, eight baht at writing time and half a second at writing time. When Emperor Wen once again allowed people to privately cast coins, it was said that Qian Heng controlled the quality of coins. At this time, the money is four baht, and Qian Wen is still half two.
2. Five baht in the Han Dynasty: In BC 1 18, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty abolished half a tael and paid five baht instead, which is the word of five baht in Qian Wen. Five baht was the longest used currency in ancient China, which lasted until about 700 years in the Tang Dynasty. There are only two seal characters in Qian Wen, both of which are square holes.
3. Xin Mang currency: In order to save the social crisis, the currency has been reformed four times, and there are many currencies, including six springs and ten cloths, which are of high collection value.
4. Currency of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty:
Because there were more than 30 regimes before and after this period, there were many kinds of coins and the proportion was chaotic. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei basically used five baht, and Wei's five baht was 2.5 cm in diameter. Although Shu Han cast 105 baht, it is still based on five baht, which is smaller and has a diameter of 2 cm. Five baht from Han and Wei dynasties were used in Jin dynasty, with a diameter of about 1.9 cm. In the Sui Dynasty,
The rest of the coins, such as Sun Wu's big money, are now seen as Daquan 500, Daquan as money, Daquan 2000 and Daquan 5400. Later, Zhao Zhufeng's copper coins, Han Cheng Zhu Hanxing's money, Zhu Daxia's money in the summer, four baht money in the southern dynasties, and Buquan in the northern dynasties, etc. And the money was in a mess.
Copper coins of the Five Dynasties, Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties
1. Kaiyuan Bao Tong: In 62 1 year, the Tang Dynasty abolished the five baht of the Sui Dynasty and began to cast Kaiyuan Bao Tongqian, which was written by calligrapher Ou Yangxun. The diameter of money is eight cents, and ten dollars is one or two. The title is before Bao Tong. Prior to this, copper coins were based on self-weight, and Kaiyuan Bao Tong broke free from the shackles of self-weight and created the characteristics of China currency writing. And stipulate that
2. Annual money: measures taken under the financial difficulties of the monetary economy or the government, such as Wu Zetian's full protection of the official seal, Qian Yuan's heavy treasure in the Anshi Rebellion, and the construction of Bao Tong in Dezong, etc.
3. Coins in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries: It is another chaotic period, with a wide variety of coins, different sizes and different qualities, so that some coins are still controversial.
6. Copper coins in Song Dynasty: The year number of coins in Song Dynasty is Qian Wen, which is called annual money. Every kind of money has various fonts such as Cao, Li and Zhen, and the same year number is divided into ingots, jewels and treasures, so the types of coins in the Song Dynasty are the most complicated and the versions are the most.
1. Copper coins in the Northern Song Dynasty: In 960 AD, Song Taizu cast Bao Tong in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and it was very rare to use cast iron coins to print the mother money used in the model. Song Taizong minted Bao Tong, the first coin with the title of Qian Wen. During the Chunhua period, Emperor Taizong personally wrote Qian Wen, the first person in Qian Wen to use cursive script. It is made up of money from different calligraphy.
A few rare ones, such as Chunhua Yuanbao, are really Qian Wen. Because the word "spring" is close to water, it is called shrinking Chunhua. Bao Tong in the period of Huang and Song Dynasties had two kinds of fonts, one of which was called nine-fold printing. The precious treasure of copper is mother money, commonly known as iron mother. Pingqian is an official script of Shao Sheng's reign, which is really rare. There are two words in Fu Yuan's Chongbao seal script, which are called double babies. Chong Ning Bao Tong is a golden Qian Wen written by Hui Zong. Song Qinzong was captured by Jin Bing after a year in office, and his Jingkang Bao Tong and Jingkang Yuanbao were rare.
2. Copper coins in the Southern Song Dynasty: In 1 127, Shaoxing coins were made in Song Gaozong, but in 1 180, coins were stopped, and Qian Wen was all authentic. This system was implemented until the death of Song Dynasty, and Qian Wen's font became the Song style of calligraphy. After the reunification of Qian Wen, seal script and official script fonts appeared.
Boutiques like Shao Xi Bao Tong have the words "Ding San" and "Chun San" on the back. On the back of Bao Tong, Qingyuan, the word (Sichuan) is placed, and the word (36) is around. Bao Tong of Jiading, who has worked in Jiading for three years, has two words (same) and (3) on his back.
Seven, Western Liaoning Xia, Jin, Yuan copper coins: These coins have been handed down from generation to generation and are very precious.
1, Liao: It is said that coins were minted before the year, but there is a great debate. It is generally believed that the fairy Bao Tong, which was cast in the fairy years of Emperor Taizong, is the earliest title in Liao Dynasty, one in Japan and the other in Germany.
2. Xixia: At present, there are only a dozen varieties, and the earliest Xixia coin is Xixia's Fuxing Baoqian. Because there are few coins in Xixia, they are very precious.
3. Gold: The dynasty was founded in 1 1 15 years. At first, old coins and paper money from Song and Liao Dynasties were used. 1156-1165438 Zheng Long yuanbao was officially minted at a flat price,165438. Among them, Fuchang money made by Liu Yu, a puppet regime supported by gold, and Tianzheng money made by Qidan people who opposed gold and claimed to be emperors are rare.
4. Yuan and the Rebel Army: Yuan originally used paper money, and most of the copper coins cast were temple money. Only a few six-year-old varieties are really in circulation, namely Zhongtong, Zhiyuan, Yuan Zhen, Dade, Zhida and Zheng Zhi. Zhang Shicheng built a big week, casting gods to bless, and Han built a song seal. Xu Shouhui casts the apocalypse, and heaven sets the treasure. Chen Youliang established the Han Dynasty, casting a sense of justice and treasure. Zhu Yuanzhang cast large and medium-sized Bao Tong in 136 1 year, with the largest number.
Eight, Ming and Qing copper coins: Because the Ming and Qing emperors only had one year number, there were not many kinds of coins. When copper coins are exchanged for money, the use of old coins in the former dynasty needs to be discounted.
1, Ming, Nanming and Late Ming Rebels: Founded in A.D. 1368, Hongwu Bao Tong cast it according to Dazhong Bao Tong, which had a large circulation in the early Ming Dynasty. Yongle Bao Tong has been published in different editions, among which the fine print Yongle Bao Tong is a treasure, and several pieces of copper coins fell in the Ming Dynasty. In The King of Nan Ming, the axe king chose Hong Guang, Bao Tong and Tang Wang. Li Zicheng voted for Yongchang and Zhang voted for Dashun.
2. Qing Dynasty and San Francisco: Before the Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan, Nurhachi cast the fate and money of Manchu and the fate of China, Bao Tong. During the Shunzhi period, there were many Bao Tong in Shunzhi. Kangxi Bao Tong can be divided into two types: provincial casting and household casting. Among them, the Baoquan Bureau of the Ministry of Household has cast a word "Xi", the so-called arhat money. The money before Qianlong was yellow, and the money after Qianlong was blue and yellow, called green money. During the Xianfeng period, the number of foundries increased, and Xianfeng made money from one article to thousands of articles, with the grade of *** 15, which was the most complicated in the history of currency. After Xianfeng, due to a coup in the heart, the title of Qixiang was changed to Yuan Tongzhi three months later, so Qixiang's money was very small, and it was all the same. During the Xuan Tong period, non-porous copper coins began to replace currency manufacturing. There are more ancestral money, mother money and sample money left over from the Qing Dynasty than the previous generation.
Wu Sangui voted for Bao Tong and Bao Tong of Zhaowu in San Francisco. Geng Zhongjing casts Yumin Bao Tong.
3. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Hong Xiuquan established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in A.D. 1853, and once minted Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Taiping Shengbao, Tiantangshengbao, Tiantangtongbao and other currencies. Knife club and heaven and earth club also invest money. Although these coins were rare and precious, there were imitations and forgeries at that time, which were difficult to distinguish.
4. Copper coins: In A.D. 1900, the Guangdong Mint officially manufactured round non-porous copper coins, each of which cost ten cents, and died on191. There are two kinds of copper coins made, one ingot and one large copper coin. There are many versions of copper coins, and there are obvious differences in facial expressions. The dragon pattern and shape on the back and the number of clouds are more particular. Only by careful screening can we find the treasure.