1. Origin of the surname
Niè (Niè) has four origins:
1. Comes from the surname Jiang. According to the Notes on Surname Jiju Chapter, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Ding Gong of Qi State made his descendants in Nie City (now west of Chiping County, Shandong Province, north of Qingfeng County, Henan Province) a vassal of Qi State, called Nie State. Later generations will take the country as their surname.
2. Comes from the surname Ji. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", in the Spring and Autumn Period, the official Wei (someone said the official of the Chu State) ate food from Nie (now Puyang, Henan Province), and his descendants took the place as their surname (according to the "Dictionary of Chinese Surnames" by Yuan Yida and Du Ruofu) According to the records, Doctor Wei's fiefdom was located in Liaocheng, Shandong Province today, and Chu had Uncle She but not Uncle Nie. Yuan and Du thought the ancient book was wrong).
3. The ancient place name Niebei belonged to the state of Xing (now west of Chiping, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. After its death, it belonged to Qi, and the residents took the place as their surname.
4. Those who come from other ethnic groups have the surname Nie or change their surname to Nie:
Jews entered China during the Song Dynasty and adopted Han surnames during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, among which there was the surname Nie.
A man with a surname from Qing Dynasty who lived in Liaoyang.
Manchu, Tujia and other ethnic groups today all have this surname.
The ancestor who got the surname: Jiang Shang. The courtesy name is Ziya, and when it comes to the courtesy name Wang, he is also called Lu Shang, Lu Wang, Qi Taigong, Taigong Wang, and Taishi Shangfu. He was a famous politician and military strategist in the early Zhou Dynasty. While fishing by the Wei River, he was appointed as prime minister by King Wen. Later, King Wu assisted King Wu in conquering Zhou and made great achievements. He was the first founding hero of the Zhou Dynasty. When he became king, he was granted the title of Qi. When it was passed down to Qi Ding Gong, Ding Gong granted his subordinates to Nie. Later generations took the country as their surname and called them Nie. They respect Jiang Shang as the ancestor of the Nie surname.
2. Migration Distribution
As for the exact origin of the surname Nie, there is no way to verify it due to different opinions. However, there is no doubt that the surname Nie originated in the area of ??Henan and Shandong today. The first person with the surname Nie recorded in the annals of history was Nie Zheng during the Warring States Period, who was from Hanzhi (southwest of today's Jiyuan, Henan Province). Later, in the Western Han Dynasty, there was Nie Yi (first name Nie) from Yanmen Mayi (now Shuozhou, Shanxi Province). Weng Yi), in the Eastern Han Dynasty there were Nie Jibao from Xiangcheng, Yingchuan (now Xiangcheng, Henan Province), and Nie Shang, who was the prefect of Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan Province) and later became Tingwei. This shows that before the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Nie surname basically relied on the north as the center of its reproduction and development. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Nie surname developed rapidly in the area of ??Xia County in present-day Shanxi, with a large number of people and luxuriant branches. As a result, Hedong County, the largest county in the history of the Nie surname was born. In addition, due to the social turmoil at this time, some people with the Nie surname moved to the south of the Yangtze River. Among them, those with the Nie surname who were native to the Xin'an River Basin gradually formed the Xin'an County Wang with the Nie surname after multiplication and development. At this time, the figures seen in the historical records include Nie You, a Wu native of the Three Kingdoms, who was from Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province). There was Nie Song in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. It can be seen that the Nie surname had moved south to the present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui areas at this time. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Nie surname still flourished in the two major counties mentioned above, and spread to surrounding areas with these two places as the center. During the two Song Dynasties, the majority of Nie surnames found in historical records were from southerners, and they can be found in Fujian, Hunan, Hubei and other places today, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty was settled in Lin'an. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, because the north had been ruled by the Yi people for many years and was relatively stable compared to the south, new characteristics appeared in the reproduction of the Nie surname, that is, the north developed steadily while the south avoided chaos and spread migration. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, due to warlord disputes, the plague was prevalent, causing starvation and death all over the Central Plains, East China, and Central and South China, and thousands of miles of bare land. After the Zhu Ming Dynasty unified the world, in order to restore the local economy, they forcibly immigrated from Shanxi, which was not affected by the war. Therefore, the Shanxi Nie surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to the Hongdong Sophora tree in the Ming Dynasty, and was moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, some people with the Nie surname along the coast moved to Taiwan. Zhang Xianzhong's massacre of Sichuan at the end of the Ming Dynasty caused a sharp decline in the population of today's Sichuan and Chongqing. When Houhuguang filled Sichuan, some people with the Nie surname from the two lakes entered Sichuan. After the Qing Dynasty, the surname Nie spread more widely. Today, the surname Nie is widely distributed across the country, especially in Hubei, accounting for about 15% of the country's Han population with the surname Nie. The surname Nie is the 126th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.1% of the country's Han population.
3. Historical Celebrities
Nie Zheng: a Korean Zhi and a knight-errant during the Warring States Period.
When he was the Marquis of Han Ai, Yan Zhongzi was frustrated in his struggle for power with Xiang Xia, so he famously paid a visit, offered a huge sum of money to his mother to celebrate her birthday, and begged for revenge on her behalf. Because his mother is here, he won't allow it. After his mother died of illness, he broke into the prime minister's house with a sword, assassinated Xia Xia, and then committed suicide.
Nie Song: Liang painter in the Southern Dynasties. He is good at painting figures and is as famous as Ji Baojun. Yao Zui said that his paintings are "bright in color and pleasing to the viewer, second to Zhang Sengyao."
Nie Yizhong: Hedong County (now Yongji, Shanxi Province) ), a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in Xiantong and once served as a lieutenant in Huayin County. He was born in a poor family and was frustrated in his official career. Many of his poems are concerned with the sufferings of the people and allegorical about the current times. His language is simple and fluent, and his words are close and far-reaching. "Yong Tian Family" and "Gongzi Xing" are particularly excellent works.
Nie Wenjin: A native of Bingzhou (now Taiyuan, Shanxi Province), a general of the Later Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. He has successively served as the commander of Sikong, the commander of the Privy Council, and the general of the garrison. Later, he became arrogant and rebelled with Li Ye, and was killed by Guo Wei.
Nie Guanqing: A native of Xin'an, Shezhou (now part of Zhejiang Province), he was a minister and scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. A Jinshi of Zhenzong, he was once sent to Liao Dynasty. The leader of Liao Dynasty admired his writing and poems and treated him with great courtesy. Lei Qian was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a concurrent bachelor of the Panzhao Wenguan. He loves learning and loves ancient times, especially poetry. There are "Qichun Collection" and so on.
Nie Chang: A native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (now part of Jiangxi Province), minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was promoted to an official position from Imperial College. During the reign of Emperor Qin Zong, he was promoted to Minister of Household Affairs, led the Kaifeng Mansion, and later became a member of the Privy Council. Opposed to negotiating peace with Jin, saying that the country should not be abandoned lightly.
Nie Wanggui: A native of Shouyang, Pingding Prefecture (now part of Shanxi Province), an official in the Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, he led his troops to surrender to Mongolia and awarded Marshal Du, the general manager of Pingding and other states, for his merits. Be friendly with Yuan Haowen, Li Jingzhai and others.
Nie Hui: Nie Wang Guisun, minister of the Yuan Dynasty. He successively served as a local official in Guangdong, Shanxi, Yunnan and other places, and later served as Shangshu of the Ministry of War and Industry, and as a counselor in political affairs of Shaanxi Province.
Nie Bao: courtesy name Wenwei, nickname Shuangjiang. A native of Yongfeng, Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, he was a minister and philosopher of the Ming Dynasty. He was born as a Jinshi, and served as Minister of the Ministry of War, and later as the Crown Prince's Taibao. There are "Kunbianlu" and "Shuangjiang Collected Works".
Nie Danian: A native of Linchuan, Jiangxi Province, he was an official, scholar and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. Entered Hanlin. He was well versed in classics and history, skilled in poetry, good at ancient Chinese prose, and could also calligraphy. He got Ouyang Xunfa. There is "Dongxuan Collection".
Nie Shicheng: A native of Hefei, Anhui Province, a general in the late Qing Dynasty. Suppressed the Taiping Army and Nian Army, and was promoted to admiral for meritorious service. He once went to Taiwan to resist the French and to Korea to defend the Japanese. In the battle of Dakaoling in Liaoyang, he killed the Japanese general Fugang Sanzao. After the war, the Wu Yi Army was founded. The Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China and defended Tianjin. He died in the battle.
Nie Jichu: Son-in-law of Zeng Guofan, a native of Hengyang, Hunan, a minister in the late Qing Dynasty and a modern national capitalist. He once served as the chief envoy of Jiangsu, governor of Anhui, and governor of Zhejiang. He attached great importance to industry throughout his life, and later founded Hengfeng Textile New Bureau alone.
Nie Er: A native of Yuxi, Yunnan, a modern composer. An early member of the Communist Party of China. He drowned while swimming in Japan in 1935 at the age of 23. His "March of the Volunteers" was designated as the national anthem of the Republic of China.
Nie Rongzhen: A native of Jiangjin, Sichuan, Marshal of the Republic of China. An outstanding commander of the People's Army and an important leader of the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of China and the Chinese People's Liberation Army, he made outstanding contributions in the domestic revolutionary war and the Anti-Japanese War. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he made significant contributions to the modernization of science and technology and national defense of New China. He was a far-sighted military strategist and revolutionary.