Don? Liu Yuxi
The mountains were desolate and silent for twenty-three years.
People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed.
On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.
Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up.
[Introduction to the author]
Liu Yuxi (772-842), whose real name was Meng De, was born in Lushan and Luoyang in his later years. Poet and philosopher in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. He and Liu Zongyuan actively participated in the "Yongzhen Innovation" led by Wang, and were demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan) after their failure. Later, due to the recommendation of Prime Minister Pei Du, he was appointed as a prince guest, and was added as a collating department history, called Liu Ke. Friends Liu Zongyuan, known as "Liu Liu", often sings with Bai Juyi, known as "Bai Liu". His poetry style is fresh and implicit, and he is good at absorbing the essence of folk songs and reflecting social life. His prose is clear, concise and fluent, and his reasoning is thorough and simple. He is the author of Liu Mengde's anthology.
[Notes]
(1) Reward: Thank you, which means to answer with a poem. Lotte: refers to Bai Juyi, the word lotte.
(2) Bashan Chushui: generally refers to Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei relegated by the author.
(3) Twenty-three years: the time from the author's exile to his return to the capital Chang 'an is about twenty-three years.
(4) Abandoned son: refers to the poet himself who suffered from relegation.
(5) Wendy Fu: It refers to the Thinking of Old Fu written by Xiang Embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty. Xiang embroidery and Ji Kang are good friends. Ji Kang was killed because he was dissatisfied with Sima Group, which was in power at that time. Xiang embroidery is very sad. Once he passed by Ji Kang's former residence and heard someone playing a flute. The flute reminded him of his murdered friend. He wrote an essay "Thinking of Lao Fu" in grief and indignation to mourn Ji Kang, which showed his dissatisfaction with current politics from the side. Liu Yuxi used this allusion to express his nostalgia for his old friend who was killed because of his participation in the political reform.
(6) Similarity: on the contrary.
(7) Rotten Ke people: refers to Jin Wang Ren. Legend has it that Jin Wang Jinshan cut wood and saw two boys playing chess. Seeing that the game was coming to an end, the young man asked Wang Zhi why he didn't go. Wang Zhi was shocked to find that the handle of the axe had rotted. Back to my hometown, I haven't met anyone for a hundred years (see Story Club). Liu Yuxi used this allusion not only to imply his long years of relegation, but also to show the cold changes in the world and the unfamiliar disappointment after reunification.
(8) Song: refers to Bai Juyi's poem "Drunken Gifts to Twenty-eight Commanders of Liu".
(9) Dragon (zhǎng): grow up and cheer up.
[Poetry translation, poetry]
I spent 23 years in poverty in these desolate places. It's not that I miss my old friend and suddenly recite Xiao Fu. Next to the sunken ship, there is a passing Qian Fan, but before the diseased tree, there is a struggle in spring. After listening to the poem you recited to me today, I will cheer up with this glass of wine for the time being.
[Appreciation]
This is a seven-character poem. This is a famous poem in ancient times. In the second year of Tang Jingzong Baoli (826), the poet returned to Luoyang, passing through Yangzhou, and met Bai Juyi, who stopped the Suzhou secretariat. At the banquet, Bai Juyi presented a poem "Drunk to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu": "Give me a glass of wine and play a song with chopsticks. Although your poetry is first-class and can be called a national champion, it is doomed that you can't get it. Dou Rong's eyes are decent, but you stay lonely for a long time. Full officials have their own satisfactory positions, but you are empty. I also know that the name of the joint is folded, and it has been folded too much in 23 years. " . Bai Juyi expressed his sympathy and grievance for Liu Yuxi's relegation in his poems. So Liu Yuxi wrote this poem to repay Bai Juyi.
"Lotte" is Bai Juyi's ideogram. "Meeting Ceremony" refers to a poem that Bai Juyi gave to the author. The last two sentences of the poem say, "I also know that my name is folded only when I get married." Twenty-three years is too much. " This poem of thanks by Liu Yuxi begins here.
The first couplet: "Bashan Chushui is desolate and abandoned in twenty-three years." It means that he was relegated to such desolate places as Bashan and Chushui, just like being abandoned by the roadside for 23 years. Liu Yuxi's attempt to reform the current situation was hit, and he was demoted to Langzhou (now Hunan), Lianzhou (now Guangdong), Kuizhou (now Sichuan) and other places. Kuizhou belongs to ancient Pakistan. Langzhou and Lianzhou belong to the ancient Chu State. These areas were desolate in ancient times, so they were summarized as "the desolate land of Bashan and Chushui". A "desolate land" refers to a lonely and desolate area. These two sentences express the author's long-term indignation at being demoted.
Zhuan Xu: "Homesickness sings Defoe, and going to my hometown looks like rotten science." Both poems use allusions. I have been away for 23 years, and now when I come back, many old friends have died, so I can only recite Wendy Fu in vain to express my condolences. Coming back is like a previous life, and it feels completely different. It's not the past anymore. In the previous sentence, the poet used the "nostalgia" allusion written by Xiang embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty to express his nostalgia for his old friend who was killed because of his participation in the political reform. The latter sentence uses the allusion of Wang Fu-fu, which not only implies his long years of relegation, but also shows the change of the world after reunification and his unfamiliar and melancholy state of mind, with rich implications.
Neck chain: "Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree." This is a well-known sentence. In Bai Juyi's poem, there are two sentences: "The scenery is long and lonely, and the official position of the Manchu dynasty is abolished", which means that all the contemporaries have been promoted, and only you have wasted your life alone in a desolate place, which is quite unfair to Liu Yuxi. In this regard, Liu Yuxi wrote in his poems: "Qian Fan is on the side of the shipwreck and Wan Muchun is in front of the sick tree." Liu Yuxi compared himself to a sunken ship and a sick tree. Although he is disappointed, he is quite open-minded and optimistic. On the side of the sunken ship, Qian Fan is competing; Before a sick tree, everything is spring. He excavated these two sentences from Bai Juyi's poems, but encouraged Bai Juyi not to grieve for his loneliness and waste, showing his open mind about the changes of the world and the rise and fall of his official career. These two poems echo Baishi's poems "There is nothing I can do" and "I also know that the combination of talented people and fame is broken", but their ideological realm is higher than Baishi's poems and their significance is much deeper. Twenty-three years of relegation did not make him depressed. The sentence "sinking into a boat" is vividly described and profoundly reflects the law of the change and development of things, so it has become a famous sentence widely read. Now it is often quoted and given new meanings, indicating that new things will definitely replace old things.
The last two sentences go back to the table to give a reward, which means: "I heard this song you sang today (referring to the poem that Bai Juyi gave him), so I will rely on the power of wine to increase my spirit of continuing to work hard for the time being!" Pointing out the reward and giving the title meaning is not only a thank you for your concern, but also an encouragement to your friends, which shows the poet's firm will and optimistic spirit.
Generally speaking, the first couplet of the poem is to review the poet's relegated life with a sad and low mood. Couplets, borrowing allusions, imply that the poet has been relegated for a long time, expressing the cold changes in the world and the unfamiliar disappointment after returning. Neck couplet is the emotional sublimation of the whole poem, and it is also an epigram that has been passed down through the ages. The poet compares himself to a "sunken ship" and a "sick tree", which means that although he has been relegated repeatedly and new people have come forth in large numbers, it is also gratifying and shows his open mind. Couplets point out the significance of reward and express the poet's will to rejoin life and his perseverance.
The whole poem is sincere and cadenced, which not only embodies the profound philosophy of life, but also has a strong artistic appeal, which is a kind of reward for the poem.
14, clear water. When will you be free this month?
Song? Su Shi
Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, happily drank the next morning, drunk, wrote this word, and missed my brother Su Zhe.
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I want to go home by wind, but I'm afraid of Qionglou Yuyu. I can't stand the cold at the top of the mountain. I dance to find out what my shadow looks like on the earth.
Turn to Zhuge, arrive at the wild lake, and take pictures without sleep. There should be no hate, and nothing can be done. People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon has yin and yang, and there are gains and losses. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
[Introduction to the author]
Su Shi (1037—110/) is known as Dongpo lay man and Su Dongpo. Writer, painter and calligrapher in Song Dynasty. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. During the Song Dynasty, he was also a rare all-rounder in the history of China. He has made great achievements in poetry, poetry, writing, calligraphy and painting. Bold words, and Xin Qiji called "Su Xin". Xi Yu Ting Ji, Shi Zhongshan Ji and Fu on the Red Wall before and after are his representative works.
[Notes]
(1) Bring wine: Pick up the glass.
② Palace Que: Palace.
(3) What year is this evening? According to ancient myths and legends, there are only three days in the sky and thousands of years on earth. The ancients thought that the arrangement of years and months in the fairy world was different from that in the world. So the author has this question.
(4) Going home by the wind: Going home by the wind. Here, the author romantically thinks he is a fairy.
(5) Qionglou Yuyu: a pavilion made of white jade refers to the imaginary fairy palace.
(6) invincible: unbearable.
(7) Find the shadow, and the shadow in the moonlight will also make various dances.
(8) What does it look like? There is no comparability.
(9) Turn to Zhuge, arrive at the wild lake, and take photos without sleeping: the moon turns to Zhu Hongting, hanging carved windows low, and taking photos of people is not sleepy (referring to the poet himself).
(10) There should be no hatred. Why do you want to be round when you are apart? There should be no resentment (towards people). Why should people be round when they are separated? What: Why?
(1 1) This matter refers to the happiness and harmony between people, and the sunny moon.
(12) Thousands of miles away * * * Chanjuan: Although thousands of miles away, you can * * * enjoy this beautiful moonlight. Shan Juan: Chang 'e in the moon means the moon.
[Poetry translation, poetry]
On the Mid-Autumn Festival in Chen Bing, I happily drank (straight) until (the next day) morning, got drunk, wrote this song (word), and also missed (my brother) Ziyou.
When will the bright moon appear? I asked the sky with a cup. The fairy palace in the sky doesn't know what age it is. I want to ride the wind to the sky, but I am afraid that the beautiful moon palace made of jade can't stand the cold in the sky. In imagination, dancing to the moon and clearing the shadows with people are like riding a cloud against the wind, and being in the sky is not like being on earth!
The moon turned the scarlet pavilion and hung low on the carved window, shining on people who were not sleepy (referring to the poet himself). There should be no resentment (towards people). Why do people prefer round when they are separated? There are joys and sorrows in one's life; As for the moon, it will also encounter yin, eyes, circle and lack; This situation, since ancient times, is rarely perfect. I only hope that we can all live a long and healthy life, and enjoy the beautiful moonlight even though we are thousands of miles away.
[Appreciation]
This famous Mid-Autumn Festival poem was written in the ninth year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1076), that is, the Mid-Autumn Festival of Chen Bingnian. It is for the author to express his feelings when he is drunk and misses his brother Su Zhe.
Order before the word: indicating the writing time of the word, "Mid-Autumn Festival in Chen Bing", that is, the ninth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (1076); Background, "Happy Drink"; The theme is to express one's feelings of "having a child at the same time" after being drunk, with the former as the main and the latter as the auxiliary. Specifically: express the poet's lonely feelings during his release.
The whole poem uses imagery description and romantic imagination to describe, express feelings and discuss closely around the Mid-Autumn Moon, and thinks from the related categories of heaven and earth, moon people, time and space, and sublimates the feelings for my brother to the philosophical height of exploring optimism and misfortune in life, expressing the author's optimistic and broad-minded attitude towards life and his good wishes and infinite love for life.
The last film focuses on the sky and the moon, expressing the poet's ideological activities from being born in dust to loving life. The first sentence "When will there be a bright moon" borrowed from Li Bai's "When will there be a moon in the sky?" I'm going to stop for a drink and ask "Poetry". By asking questions to the sky, I'm going to lead readers' thoughts to the immortal world in the vast space. The next two sentences: "I don't know what year it is tonight" are the content of the question, which further promotes the praise and yearning for the bright moon. It has been many years since the birth of the bright moon. I don't know what day it is tonight at the Moon Palace. The poet imagined that it must be a good day, which is why the moon is so round and bright. He wanted to see it very much, so he went on to say, "I want to go home in the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, and it's too cold up there." He wants to take the wind back to the Moon Palace, but he is afraid of the desolation there and can't stand the cold there. What a strange imagination, here he expressed the poet's ambivalence of "being born" and "joining the WTO". "Going home by the wind" shows the poet's dissatisfaction with the world. The word "going home" has the flavor of fairy self-metaphor, as if he had lived in the Moon Palace, but only temporarily stayed on earth. A "desire" and a "fear" reveal the poet's ideological contradiction. It is really a "strange pen". "Dancing in the clear shadow, why is it like being on earth?" Closely connected with the world, lyricists dance in the moonlight, and shadows dance with people. Although there are beautiful buildings in the sky, it is difficult to compare with the happiness on earth. Here, the writer's thought of joining the WTO triumphed over the thought of being born, showing the poet's attachment to life and love for the world. Ups and downs, exquisite writing.
The next film focuses on the world, which is to cherish people, turn scenery into feelings, and express the poet's interpretation of the joys and sorrows of the world. These three sentences, "Turn to Zhuge, keep a low household, and shine without sleep", actually describe the scene where the moon shines on the world, which leads people from the moon, suggesting that the author's mind is broad. This is a structural transitional sentence. The words "turn", "low" and "light" describe the flow of moonlight, the movement of light and shadow, the progress of time and the sleepless feeling of life. It means that the moon revolves around the scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window and shining on people who are not sleepy (referring to the poet himself). . It clearly writes about the moon and secretly writes about people, which is quite disgusting. "There should be no hate. Why should we leave when we are separated?" Two sentences, carrying the words "as if we never sleep", make the pen drip in frustration. You shouldn't have any resentment against the bright moon. Why do you always go around when people leave? On the surface, it is annoying that the moon shines on people, which increases people's regret that the moon is round but not round. In fact, it is to express the author's nostalgia for his loved ones by looking at the moon. "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of ups and downs. It is difficult to be complete in ancient times." In three sentences, the poet explains the joys and sorrows of the world, which means that there are always joys and sorrows in the world, just like the moon in the sky has its ups and downs, and it has been difficult to be comprehensive and complete since ancient times. This sentence reveals the poet's free and easy character of understanding life, and it is also a helpless sigh for life. Here, from life to nature, all kinds of life have been refined and summarized, including countless painful and happy life experiences. At the end, "I hope people will be beautiful for a long time, thousands of miles away" is actually a higher ideological realm, which means that people can enjoy the bright moon in the sky only if they are always healthy and safe, even if they are thousands of miles away. Here is the author's heartfelt condolences and wishes to all the deceased relatives in the world (including his brother), which adds positive significance to the whole word.
The whole poem is full of emotional indulgence, ups and downs, rigorous structure, clear context and blending of scenes. It closely revolves around the word "moon", ups and downs, a moment out of the dust, a moment into the WTO, concise and natural sentences, showing the poet's superb language ability and romantic and free and easy style.
Li Bai will want to travel by boat,
Suddenly I heard singing on the shore.
Peach Blossom Lake is deep in thousands of feet,
Not as good as Wang Lun.
Li Bai's gift to Wang Lun.
Appreciate:
When Li Bai plays in Taohuatan, Jingxian County, he often visits Wang Lun, a villager. When he left, Wang Lun came to see me off, so Li Bai wrote this poem to leave. This poem expresses Li Bai's deep affection for Wang Lun, an ordinary villager.
The first two narratives: "Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he heard singing on the shore." Li Bai is going to leave by boat. Wang Lun came to see me off with a group of villagers. They walked arm in arm and sang. Considering "desire" and "sudden smell", he wrote the poet's surprise model. "Will and desire" is the time when the ship is ready to go; "Suddenly smell" means unexpected. Maybe Wang Lun gave a farewell dinner last night, which means something can't be delivered the next day. But now he has not only come, but also brought a group of villagers to see him off. Why not make the poet excited! What language is used to express it? The Peach Blossom Pond is nearby, so the poet has a handy hand to compare the depth of the Peach Blossom Pond with Wang Lun's affection for himself. "Peach Blossom Lake is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun's love for me." Shen Deqian commented in Qing Dynasty: "It is a common saying that Wang Lun's love is better than thousands of feet's. The wonderful scene is only in a transition ("Tang Poetry"). " Indeed, the beauty of these two sentences is that the word "less than" connects two unrelated things. Taking "Deep thousands of feet" Peach Blossom Pool as a reference, it is both vivid and intriguing to turn intangible friendship into tangible. The pool is "deep in thousands of feet", so how deep is Wang Lun's friendship?
Tang Ruxun in the Ming Dynasty said in the Interpretation of Tang Poems: "Lun, the ear of a village, how can it be near white?" It's time to make wine, and it's time to say goodbye to our ancestors. Our feelings are solid and extraordinary. It is too white, unreal and convenient, so it is eternal. "This comment is very appropriate.
The first two sentences of this poem describe a friend going down to Yangzhou along the river. The word "fireworks" touches the spring scenery and flowers in Ruyan Liu, and the poet's melancholy mood when he bid farewell to his friends is fully revealed. The last two sentences deliberately describe friends' "western words", a lonely sail, accompanied by the poet's friends drifting to the distant place connected by water and sky, until the sail shadow disappeared at the end of the blue sky, but the poet still stood on the roof, staring at the distance, unwilling to leave. There is not a word in the poem to say goodbye, but between the lines, it clearly reveals the melancholy and nostalgia for distant friends. In the poet's works, deep feelings are contained in the touching scenery description, and the feelings and scenery have reached a highly perfect fusion.
Appreciation of Yellow Crane Tower's Farewell to Meng Haoran to Yangzhou
Meng Haoran is a famous poet highly respected by Li Bai. He was once praised as "Master, I sincerely salute you, and your fame has risen to the sky". Roaming around the world famous mountains and cities is the fashion and open personality of the literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, a young man living in Anlu, Hubei Province, has long had the travel experience of "serving the country with his sword, leaving his relatives behind to travel far and wide, and going to the sea in the south and the east". So he bid farewell to Meng Haoran, a famous poet in Wuchang, and went to Yangzhou, a famous city in Jiangzuo (called Guangling in ancient times). In the face of "three talents" linking famous buildings, celebrities and famous cities, he is full of poetry, and his feeling of the world is bright and beautiful, without any sadness. The first two sentences should have explained the time, place and destination of farewell, but this explanation was perceptual by the vivid image of "Fireworks March". Didn't Li Bai have a story of "dream pen gives birth to flowers"? Unexpectedly, as a symbol of his genius, flowers were born in his dream, which actually generated the March fireworks when he said goodbye. Before winning the prize, people called this sentence "eternal quatrain" The sky was also moved by the feeling of bright and beautiful world and became as empty as a shower. Beneath it, the popular Lonely Sail Far Shadow has a sense of loneliness and desolation. It draws the yearning for life in the vast sky. Life is like running water, parting is like running water. The eyes of infinite attachment, following the distant shadow of the solitary sail that disappeared out of sight, have become the great stream of the Yangtze River that lasts forever. The instant and eternal scene of sending a famous building to a famous city has become a poetic symbol of the prosperous tourism of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Wang Wei, the second ambassador to the Yuan Dynasty, An Xitang
The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west.
Appreciate:
Anxi and Anxi both protect the government. Zhi's address is in today's Kuqa County, Xinjiang.
This poem was written as a farewell and then composed by musicians. Its country name is Yangguan, also known as Weicheng. As a farewell song, it is widely circulated.
Our nation has been divided since ancient times. There are countless poems left over from past dynasties to bid farewell. Jiang Yan of the Southern Dynasties wrote a special "Biefu", which he said at the beginning. "Those are ecstasy, but don't." There are also many farewell songs, such as "folding willow" and "small folding willow" in Han Dynasty, "folding willow" in Xianghe Daqu and "folding willow in Mid-Autumn Festival" in Southern Dynasties.
The word "Weicheng" at the beginning of the poem points out the place where the poet bid farewell to Yuan Er. The "guest house" is naturally one of the places in the Acropolis and a specific place for farewell dinner. And said it was a spring morning with a light rain. "Yu Chao" in the first sentence is called spring rain because of the "six-color heart" in the second sentence. This kind of writing is called intertextuality. This can make the language more refined.
Write farewell words. The scenery written by poets often becomes sentient beings. One generation is sad, another generation is crying. This poem is written in the Spring Dynasty, and the words "Xiang light dust" mean that the two are not big, but the land is wet. Then he said, surround the willow trees that have just grown leaves around the guest house. After washing in the spring rain, it looks greener and greener. What is depicted here is a clean air. A prosperous spring morning. This way of writing. The atmosphere of "seeing off" seems to be out of harmony. However. The poet's heart armor has installed a word "no" Although there are good days and scenic spots. I have no intention of staying either. In the form of subconscious, let others cover the scenery.
Environmental factors. This shows that subjective emotion plays a decisive role in a lyric poem.
The key word is "willow color". In ancient times, there was a custom of breaking willows to bid farewell. In the eastern suburb of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty, there was a river called Bashui, and there was a bridge on the river called Baqiao. People bid farewell to relatives and friends on this bridge and had to break off the willow branches at the bridge head to give them to pedestrians. This is called farewell. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, this custom has been inherited to this day. So when the ancients saw the willow, they meant to leave. This different psychological reaction is the result of long-term cultural accumulation. Therefore, as a cultural symbol, one thing is written into the poem, which makes the poem have a very rich emotional meaning. The word "six-color heart" has a double meaning in the poem: it is not only a description of the season and climate, but also a psychological reflection of parting feelings. The word "six-color heart" is a conjunction of the first two sentences and the last two sentences.
The last two sentences directly wrote the feeling of parting, and all the feelings were poured into a glass of "wine". At this time, the host and guests may have a lot to say. As they are about to leave, their mood is complicated, and they don't know where to start at the moment. Therefore, drinking has become the best way to communicate feelings. Parting and drinking are always bitter, unlike reunion after a long separation. But this time, the family is particularly heavy. In the poem, the sentence "I advise you to drink more wine" shows the reluctance of the host and guest. Two people drink, one after another, and the host always feels as if he is not satisfied, and always advises the guests to have another drink. This common feeling is written here, which is particularly simple and profound to read, and closely echoes the fourth sentence "People have no reason to go out of Xiyangguan", which makes this glass of wine have a very heavy weight. That's the heart of an old friend. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the strong national strength and the unprecedented frequency of foreign exchanges, people often "went out to Yang Guan in the west", or went to missions or did business. When you leave Yangguan to the west, you are faced with exotic mountains and rivers, different customs and languages, and you have to set foot in a deserted desert, so you will feel infinite desolation when you leave Yangguan. Friends and relatives who came to bid farewell to Fujian naturally felt the same way. In this poem, Yuaner's mood can't be compared with the feeling of being separated from the motherland. At this time, the love of old friends is more precious than usual. The sentence "there is no reason for people to go out of Yangguan in the west" can be described as an exciting one.
Bai Juyi's poem "Drinking": "Don't refuse to get drunk when you meet, listen to the fourth sound of" Yangguan "." Note: "the fourth sound,' advise you to drink one more glass of wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason'." This shows the touching power of this poem. It is precisely because this poem tells the inner feelings of everyone who has seen off at the customs that it has been strongly sung by many people and has become a widely sung song.