Su Shi
Zhongyi, Wan, Yun and An (place names) are all along the Yangtze River in Sichuan. ) Many tigers. Some women spend a day on the beach of their second child in Kaya Hioki and wash clothes in the water. Huzi
When the mountain comes, the woman dives to hide, and the second child plays on the beach. The tiger is familiar with it, and it is the first to arrive. Touch, touch, touch, touch, touch, touch, touch. ) One is scared, and the child is stupid, but somehow, the tiger is dead. People who eat tigers must be threatened first, and people who are not afraid can't do anything?
There are many tigers in Zhong, Wan, Yun and An. A woman left two children on the beach during the day and washed clothes by herself. old
The tiger ran from the mountain, and the woman jumped into the water to avoid the tiger. The two children are (still) playing freely on the beach. The tiger stared at them for a long time and even touched them with his head, hoping that they would be a little scared, but the children were puzzled and didn't even think it was strange. The tiger finally left. It is estimated that tigers must first show their prestige to others when they eat people, but is there no place to impose (and give up) prestige on those who are not afraid of prestige?
2. What are the classical Chinese?
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1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.
Translation formula of ancient Chinese
Classical Chinese translation has its own order, so you can read the whole article first and grasp the main idea.
Understand the theme first, collect information, from paragraphs to sentences, from clauses to words,
Understand all, be clear, and be careful when dealing with difficult sentences.
Take care of the previous paragraph, connect with the next sentence, think carefully and try to figure out the tone.
Strive to be reasonable, reasonable and closely related.
If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.
Names and place names, without translation, names, as usual,
I and Yu are mine, and Er and You are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.
Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.
After translation, you must carefully compare the sentences and understand the tone.
The sentence was fluent, and then I stopped writing.
3. What can classical Chinese say?
Ancient poems: 300 Tang poems, 300 Song poems and 300 Yuan songs.
Classical Chinese: A Thousand Poems, Book of Songs, Book of Changes, Analects of Confucius, Book of Rites, Shangshu, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Policy, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Everything is Wrong, Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Guiguzi. The Doctrine of the Mean, Family Instructions of Zhu Zi, Family Instructions of Yan Family, Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu Family, Songs of the South, The Sutra of Immortality, The Diamond Sutra, and Zi Tongzhi Jian.
Caigen Tan, Night Talk Around the Furnace, Tales of Small Windows, Aphorisms, Hundreds of Surnames, Travel in Qionglin, Enlightenment of Rhythm and Tamia Liu? Three Views, Hundred Battles, Long Wen Whip Shadow, * * * Language, Nightmare Shadow.
Biography, think tank, letters from Zeng Guofan, human stories, couplets, idle notes, Bitan, Suiyuan poems, Wen Xin Diao Long and Xiao Ji.
History: Historical Records, History of the Three Kingdoms, History of Han Dynasty, History of Later Han Dynasty.
Among them, Wen Xin Diao Long and Long Wen Bian Ying teach future generations how to write, which is very helpful to the study of ancient Chinese. Couplets and aphorisms are more like ancient Chinese grammar.
In addition, the "son of Yang" in the first volume of Chinese in the fifth grade of primary school
4. How to read the classical Chinese "that" is not afraid of suffering: hello.
You ask: How do you pronounce "that" in classical Chinese? There are four pronunciations of "Na" in Ci Yuan in classical Chinese: Na Nu mourns more.
Second, the appearance of leisure. Three beautiful women.
Four helpless chorus. Five. That's right.
Action six. Seven surnames
What about nuǒ eight? What? That nine-fingered pronoun is the opposite of this one.
Read n today. Ten auxiliary words.
Table backchat. Naà (eleven) transliteration characters.
《? There are eight pronunciations of the classical Chinese "Na" found in The Chinese Language Dictionary: Na 'nu (1) is more than that. 2 beautiful.
③ Ann. 4 what.
⑤ Yes, yes. ⑥ Move.
⑦ Last name. "That, surname.
Western Wei Dynasty Yangzhou secretariat of Nachun. "Two angry (1) modal particles.
Used at the end of a sentence to express doubt. Equivalent to "it".
(2) called "nai". 3 exhausted.
Three à is the antonym of "this". Sini's chorus "That One"
The pronoun "n" is used to express doubt, followed by "where". A chorus of six něi "which".
Seven né (also read nuó)[ Nezha] Eight nā surnames. I don't want to give an example of Biography of Natong Draft in Qing Dynasty. If necessary, please bring it up and I'll add it.
5. Hu Sang, a translator of classical Chinese, said, "Does Zi know the death of the dummy? Lin turned around and abandoned the 1000 silver to get it.
Or:' for its cloth? A naked child and some clothes; Tired of it? Naked and exhausted; What's the point of abandoning a treasure of 1000 yuan to chase your son? "Lin Hui said,' If you want to complement each other, this is also a matter of heaven.' Those who are married to each other force the poor and the evil to abandon each other.
Those who belong to heaven are forced to endure poverty and disaster. It is still far from her husband's acceptance and abandonment.
The friendship between gentlemen is indifferent, and the friendship between villains is willing; A gentleman is indifferent to his relatives, but a villain is willing to give up. Join for no reason, leave for no reason.
-"Zhuangzi" Mulberry A: "Haven't you heard about the escape of the fake China people? Lin Hui abandoned the precious jade and ran away with the baby on his back. Some people say,' Is he doing this for money? The value of a newborn baby is too small; Is he afraid of procrastination? There are too many newborn babies to drag on.
Give up precious jade and run with your child on your back. For what? Lin replied:' Jade worth thousands of dollars is in my interest, and this child has a natural connection with me.' Like-minded people will abandon each other when they encounter difficulties, disasters, troubles and injuries; Born with one track mind, when encountering difficulties, disasters, nails and teeth, people will tolerate each other's worries and injuries.
The difference between accepting and giving up each other is too far. Moreover, the friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is as sweet as sweet wine; A gentleman is indifferent to his heart, but a villain is sweet and heartless.
Generally, if you approach for no reason, you will be dispersed for no reason. "。
6. China's classic encyclopedia "Everything is done wrong"
Chu people and their families got jade on the mountain of Chu, and they were enshrined as the king of Li. Li Wang made the jade man meet him, and the jade man said, "Stone also." The king regarded harmony as a dead hole, but gouged out his left foot. , Qiu, acceded to the throne, and others have also made suggestions. King Wu made the Jade Man meet him and said, "Shi Ye." The king also died of harmony and cut off his right foot. Qiu and Wen Wang acceded to the throne, and He Nai cried at his feet for three days and nights, followed by blood. Wang Wenzhi made people ask why. He said: "There are many gaps in the world. Is it sad that Zi Xi cried? " He said, "I'm not sad. I am sorry for my husband Baoyu. My surname is Shi and my surname is Zhen, so I am sad. " Wang Nai made the jade people manage the treasures, so he ordered: "The treasure of He Shen."
Liang's son is nine years old and very clever. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he shouted. In order to set fruit, the fruit has bayberry. Confucius pointed out to his son and said, "This is the fruit of your family." The son replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is a master of poultry."
Boya is good at playing drums, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When he died as a child, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.
Qiu Yi knows this country well/is good at playing chess. Do/play autumn/teach/play two people, one person/concentrate, but/play autumn for listening; A person/although/listening to it, with all his heart/thinking that a swan/is coming, wants to help the bow cross/shoot it. Although/use/use learning, if enough. What is right/its wisdom/what is wrong? I said: no/but there are.
When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon. One son said, "The sun rises as big as the hood of a car at first, and rises as a bowl at noon.". Isn't this for the small ones far away, but for the big ones near? "A son said," It is cool when it comes out of the barn (cāng) at the beginning of the day, just like exploring soup in the middle of the day. Isn't it near hot and far cold? "Upon hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who (shú) is you (rǔ) and knows a lot (zhē)? "