Before Camellia goes home, she must prepare the soil. It is often mentioned that the soil of camellia should be loose, breathable, water-saving and rich in organic matter, but how to do this, first of all: the composition of the soil should be simple, not too complicated. Newly raised flower friends always feel that all kinds of nutrients have been added, as if camellia can be absorbed soon and grow sturdily.
As we all know, absorbing water and nutrition requires a strong root system. Therefore, the camellia we bought needs to be well rooted first. When the roots are strong, it is easy to do anything. The small white fleshy roots of camellia are not suitable for big fat, so the newly bought camellia should use plain soil to promote its rooting.
The method of mixing soil is: weathered red sand or yellow sand, honeycomb briquette residue, pine needles, edible fungus residue, local materials, never bought.
What needs to be explained here is that after the honeycomb cinder is picked up, it should be put in a plastic bag and watered for more than 20 days before it can be used. Black unburned raw coal in honeycomb cinder should be thrown away, and dark brown charred hard irregular chunks can be placed on the bottom of the basin;
Weathered yellow sand and red sand should be found near landslides on mountains or on both sides of suburban roads. Try to find a place where the sun shines for a long time (no viruses and bacteria), and find soil that has not been planted with crops, that is, plain soil;
Pine needles can be found under the pine trees in the park. Try to find the rotten one that fell the year before last. When these plants are ready, don't mix them. Put them in a basin, bucket or bag for later use.
It is not recommended to use river sand, which is cool. After a long time, it has been sinking, and the soil under the flowerpot is very strong, which is not conducive to the extension of new roots. What is the proportion of these ingredients? I'll say it when I serve.
Step 2: flower pots
Clay pots are the best, but they are not easy to buy now. You can go to the nursery to find some old pottery pots. If you really can't find a clay basin, you can buy a thick purple sand basin or a plastic basin. If you use a rough teapot, you can use a glass drill and a hand drill to make more holes around the teapot, which is conducive to ventilation. In fact, the soil is prepared, and ventilation and water benefits are not a problem.
Use big pots for big seedlings and small pots for small seedlings. After the flower roots are put into the flowerpot, there should be a gap of about 5 cm around.
Step 3 pack
Regarding the packaging before transportation, the flower seedlings should be fixed in the packaging box and not shaken. The outer box should be thick and not too soft. Take part of the soil from the roots. Bring more soil when the temperature is high. When the temperature is low, you can take less, but remember that the roots should be half dry and half wet, and never too wet, which will suffocate the roots.
If there is clod at the root, it can be wrapped with fertilizer such as cotton cloth or cotton felt for packaging furniture. This kind of material is better than plastic bags, which can make the roots have air exchange during long-distance transportation and is beneficial to root respiration.
Step 4 deliver
Regarding delivery, the rookie thinks this link is particularly important. Should choose around 20 degrees, or 10-20 degrees, not higher than 25 degrees, not too low.
Temperature directly affects the later survival and rejuvenation. The temperature is about 25℃, which has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that it is beneficial to the growth of new roots after being put into the pot, and does not affect the germination of the next year. The disadvantage is that high temperature is easy to suffocate the roots during transportation, and the evaporation is large after entering the pot. If the root system can't recover its water absorption ability in time, it is easy to shed leaves or even wither until it dies.
If the temperature is too low, the advantage is that the evaporation is small, the roots are not stuffy, and it is easier to slow down the seedlings, but it is not conducive to new roots and affects the germination in the next year. The process of transportation will hurt the roots more or less, so when to deliver the goods, the buyer should provide it to the seller according to the local temperature and choose the delivery time. If it rains in autumn and the temperature is not low, I think it is most suitable to slow down seedlings in pots, and the survival rate is quite high;
In addition, camellia is a fresh plant, so buyers should choose safe and convenient express delivery, and don't delay too much time because of express delivery; One more thing is very important. Buyers should not take themselves as gods when receiving goods, and wait for the courier to deliver the goods at home. It's best to check the logistics information yourself, usually arrive in the morning, and then drive to get the goods.
The reason is that sometimes the courier will pull your precious camellia in the street from morning till night during the delivery process, and then deliver it to you. This is when the roots are stuffy, the sun shines on the express car, and the temperature inside is not high. Moreover, the express car has been closed now, and camellia is in the transportation link.
On the plane, in the high-altitude warehouse, the temperature will not be too high. On long-distance buses, ventilation is provided by large trucks. In the transit warehouse, it is also indoors, and it will not be sunny or too high. Therefore, I said that most of them are in the process of sending parts, so it is very important to pay attention to logistics in time and pick up parts by yourself.
Step 5 clean the roots
Some friends often struggle whether to wash their roots or not and talk about their own ideas. Not all of them need washing, but some of them must be washed. Camellia in Zhejiang and Yunnan are basically planted on red soil and grow well, because red soil is suitable for camellia to take root and sprout. However, the seedlings in Yunnan, Zhejiang need to be washed, not because the red soil is not good.
This is because the texture of red soil is very soft. In the process of transportation, express delivery has been transferred for many times, and red soil is becoming more and more tight. After the buyer got it, the red soil had already formed a group, especially the Yunnan red soil seedlings. At this time, if the roots are not washed, the new roots will not grow, and the soil outside will not be mixed in. When the water is poured in, the camellia will get worse and worse. But it's good to send it by local mail when transporting it.
Before washing the roots, you can soak them in a bucket and rinse them with a faucet. Don't break the clods by hand, it will hurt the roots until the red mud is washed clean. If the camellia picked up in the flower bed is not delivered by express delivery, there is no need to wash the roots. Therefore, root washing is the liberation of roots, which is conducive to root stretching. Most seedlings in Zhejiang and Yunnan are raised outdoors, which has strong adaptability and little problem of root washing.
But for Fujian seedlings, they are all planted with light substrates. Because there are many local greenhouses and the humidity is high, there is basically no greenhouse after the flower friends buy it back. In addition, the environment changes and the adaptability is poor. It is recommended to wash the roots after half a year. If the roots were washed at that time, the risk was great. In short, root washing is risky and requires caution.
6, with soil
The most critical link. Plain soil, cinder (soaked in water to dry and crush), pine needles, etc. Not prepared at one time, all the seedlings are put in pots, and the proportion of soil preparation is the same. Plain soil is conducive to rooting; Pine needles are slightly acidic after rotting, which is conducive to rooting, but pine needles are a double-edged sword (similar to coconut bran), which can retain water and easily rot roots due to poor ventilation;
Coal cinder is sterilized at high temperature and has pores in the middle, which is beneficial to ventilation and water utilization. Each camellia should be mixed with soil according to its own characteristics, with only one purpose, that is, using these plants to prepare loose, breathable and water-saving plants. For example, if the root system is poor and there are few white roots, use more plain soil and cinder, use less pine needles and give priority to plain soil; If the root system is good, edible fungus residue, pine needles, coal cinder and plain soil can be added, accounting for at least 60%;
Outdoor culture, good ventilation conditions, you can add more pine needles, indoor culture, pine needles less. Generally speaking, coal cinder is used to adjust the water utilization degree of soil. If it is too much, watering in summer will consume too much energy. The soil of each pot of camellia should be matched according to the emergence situation, and a pot should be prepared and planted.
7. On the washbasin
The size of the flowerpot has been said before. First, one hand holds the camellia, and the other hand scatters the plain soil to the roots as much as possible, because the roots will soon be covered with plain soil after cleaning, especially the gaps inside the roots, and then scatter all the soil into the basin.
First, put a large piece of charred cinder under the basin, then add some prepared plant materials, put them into camellia and fill in the soil. This process is as slow, light and full as possible, and you can shake it slowly. Don't use force, don't hurt the roots, and the height of the covering soil should not be higher than the trace of the original soil layer. After the basin comes up, water the flowers evenly with the muddy water that has washed the roots, and you will see that the flowers are watered above and flow out below, which is basically good.
Water it again after half an hour and put it in a cool and ventilated place. Don't do it next time. Some flower friends will bag the pot. The rookie thinks bagging is also a double-edged sword. Bagging should be done according to the situation. Blooming flowers, the temperature is below 15 degrees, no bagging is needed. Bagging is not conducive to leaf evaporation, leaf water comes from root system, and root system is not conducive to recovery;
Without bagging, the roots wake up quickly and the seedlings slow down quickly. After bagging, there is also a process of picking up the bag. Sometimes, after bagging, flower seedlings do not adapt to sudden environmental changes and will wither. Therefore, whether to pack or not should be carefully considered according to the situation; Also, if the seedlings are weak and delicate, you can choose to bag them during the day and pick them at night.
Generally speaking, a rookie in the seedling stage feels that one month is almost enough. If he can't get over it for a month and the leaves fall off one by one, it's basically difficult to get over it. To tell the truth, sometimes it is luck and fate.
8, watering and fertilization
Wet and dry watering is easier said than done. There is a great difference in climate between the north and the south of China, and the understanding of dryness and wetness varies from place to place. For example, there are many kinds of paddy fields in the south, and when there is no water in the paddy field, it is said that the paddy field is dry. In fact, there is still a lot of water underground. There are many kinds of dry fields in the north, and the white face means that the fields are dry. In fact, the groundwater level has dropped very low.
So the seller said, it is hard to say whether what the seller said is the same as what we understand. Camellia love the water can't tolerate waterlogging. During the maintenance period, you can see that the soil on the surface of the flowerpot is loose. You can try it by hand. Don't wait until it turns white, then you can water it. Don't wait until the top soil cracks, it will be a little late to water it, as long as your soil is good enough for water, so it doesn't matter.
What I fear most is that it will be wet for half a month after watering, which will make the seedlings weaken, harden and die most easily. Camellia likes fat but is not fat-tolerant. The rookie soaked the beans in water. When watering the flowers, once a month, mix one or two spoonfuls of soybean water with a big bucket of water. No fertilizer is applied when the new buds germinate, and no fertilizer is applied when the temperature is low in winter. For every camellia plant, it is not static. The seedlings are weak, and the seedlings are not fertilized. First, the roots are raised and the seedlings grow strong, and fertilization can be more diligent.
9. Some misunderstandings
Many flower friends like to add various vegetative plants when mixing soil, which is the worst and is not conducive to the growth of new roots. It is good to be simple, and it is not too late to fertilize when camellia enters the normal growth stage; Seedlings should not be in a hurry to blossom, and it is not too late to blossom in the second year after seedling raising;
There are no leaves, only buds, one next to the other, that is, there are no branches. This is a problem with the root system. Wash the roots, cut off the black roots, pick the buds and re-cultivate them in plain soil. Camellia is easy to be infected with red spider, and it can be sprayed with avermectin, which is very useful.
1, planted in the open air
1) The soil is fertile, slightly acidic, well drained, and the PH value is between 5.5 and 6.
2) The planting time is from February to March, and seedlings are mainly planted in spring; The planting effect is better in autumn after 1 1 month.
3) Fertilizing Camellia doesn't like fertilizer. Generally, it is applied 2-4 times before flowering (10 ~1month) and after flowering (April-May). Fertilizer mainly adopts compound fertilizer and compost, with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer; The principle of fertilization is to apply more fertilizer. There are many strong seedlings and few or none weak seedlings.
4) Camellia grows slowly and is not suitable for intensity pruning; The crown develops evenly, so it doesn't need special pruning, just cut off the branches of diseases and pests, too dense branches, weak branches and virtual branches. Newly planted seedlings can also be trimmed moderately to ensure survival. Bud picking is an important part of cultivation management. Generally, each branch leaves at most 3 buds and keeps a certain distance, which can reduce excessive nutrient consumption of plants and affect flowering.
The flowering period of camellia lasts for half a year, so it is of great benefit to remove wilting flowers in time, reduce nutrient consumption and enhance tree vigor.
5) Pest control and intertillage weeding The main diseases of camellia are brown spot disease, yellowing disease and parasitic moss on branches. The pest is red spider. All kinds of scale insects and moths. Rose sawfly, etc. The occurrence of pests and diseases has greatly affected the vitality and ornamental value of trees.
The prevention and control methods are as follows: spraying Bordeaux solution before spring germination, and spraying once every half month thereafter, paying attention to drainage and fertilization, removing damaged leaves and burning. Yellowing disease is mainly caused by the lack of trace elements in soil, and it can be prevented and controlled by frequent application of ferrous sulfate or magnesium sulfate solution.
Spraying turpentine mixture and strengthening ventilation to control red spiders and various scale insects. All kinds of thorn moths, rose sawflies, etc. Spray 40% omethoate with 400 ~ 155 times or 80% dichlorvos EC with 1000 ~ 1200 times respectively. Intertillage weeding and cleaning the garden can also effectively control pests and diseases, enhance tree vigor and make flowers hypertrophy. Six to seven intertillages should be carried out throughout the year.
2. Potted plants
1) The basin soil is a slightly acidic, loose and fertile mixed soil, and the proportion of mixed soil is 6 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of pine humus soil and 2 parts of sandy soil1~.
2) Pot made of clay is the best choice for cultivating pots. The size ratio of pots to seedlings is: Camellia seedlings are 40-50 cm in height, 20-25 cm in crown width and 20-25 cm in diameter. Other sizes and so on. Purple sand pots for commercial seedlings are better, which can improve the ornamental effect.
3) Selection of potted seedlings: The plants grow healthily, the trunk and single trunk have no branches, the crown is beautiful, the leaves are light green, and there are no pests and diseases.
4) Water management of newly planted seedlings. Water the seedlings thoroughly for the first time, and water them frequently within 2 months to keep the soil moist. In the future, water will be like other potted plants. The frequency depends on the climate to keep the soil moist. Water more in spring to meet the needs of MengMeng; Summer should be in the morning and evening, rainy season should prevent water accumulation, autumn drought should be watered in time, winter should be antifreeze, and noon should be watered.
5) Shading and cold-proof camellia should be given enough sunshine in spring and rainy season, and shaded in summer and autumn to cool down; When the temperature drops to zero in winter, you need to move indoors to keep out the cold.
6) The control of flowering period is mainly through variety selection, temperature control, hormone treatment and other means to achieve the purpose of early flowering or delayed flowering. For example, in order to delay flowering, late flowering varieties can be selected, and low temperature control (refrigeration above 2 ~ 3 degrees, storage of wrapped cold-proof plants) can delay flowering in January.
In order to make it bloom early, it is necessary to choose varieties that bloom early, such as small powder, snow tower and scenery all around, and then apply heavy fertilizer and hormone treatment. The method is to stop the growth of camellia in spring. After the flower buds are formed, heavy fertilizer should be applied to make the shoots mature as soon as possible and stop growing. In mid-July or early August, apply 500 ~ 1000 ppm gibberellin to flower buds with a brush once every three days, and add reasonable water and fertilizer;
Gibberellin should be applied in September according to the hypertrophy of flower buds. If it can't meet the requirements, it should be applied several times, supplemented by water spraying and topdressing, so that the flower buds will grow rapidly and bloom from late September to165438+1October.