Evaluate the five emperors.

1, Qin Shihuang was the first monarch in the history of China, and only a few emperors in China could compare with him and made extraordinary achievements. Although he built great buildings in his later years, which brought heavy disasters to the people, his contribution to the history of China far outweighed his mistakes. As Sima Qian commented in Historical Records: "As for the king of Qin, after VI, he continued to be fierce and made a long-term plan to conquer the palace and swallow the princes who died two weeks ago, taking the supreme position to make Liuhe, whip the world and inspire the world. Take the land of Baiyue in the south, think that Guilin, the king of Baiyue, has tightened his neck and appointed officials. So Meng Tian built the Great Wall in the north and guarded the fence, but the Huns were more than 700 miles away. The conference semifinals dare not go south to herd horses, and the scholars dare not bow to their knees. So Wang Zhidao was abolished and the words of a hundred schools of thought were burned. Capture the famous city, kill Hao Jun, take Xianyang, the land where soldiers gather all over the world, and sell the front to cast a lot of money, thinking that the Golden Man is twelve, so as to weaken the people first. Cut Warwick City again, because the river is Tianjin, according to the city of 100 million feet, unexpectedly solid. A good general will guard the key points with a strong crossbow, and a loyal minister will be Chen Libing. Who is who? It depends on the world. The heart of the king of Qin thinks that Guanzhong is solid, Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of emperors are also eternal. " (Biography of Qin Shihuang)

2. Evaluate Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

Work:

Politics: ① Carrying out the assassination system in local areas is conducive to local jurisdiction, strengthening centralization and safeguarding national unity. (Ancient History p35)

(2) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promulgated the "favor decree" and "benefit decree", which further weakened the power of the kingdom and consolidated the unity of the country. (ancient history p35);

(3) Implementing the patrol system is conducive to selecting talents and expanding the ruling foundation. (Ancient History p35)

Economy:

(1) The local salt and iron management rights and coinage rights were collected by the central government, and five baht were issued in a unified way, which increased the national fiscal revenue; (Ancient History p3 1)

(2) Stabilize prices and levy business tax and property tax on industrial and commercial personnel. (Ancient History p3 1)

③ Pay attention to building water conservancy and harnessing the Yellow River. (Ancient History p37~28)

Ideological and cultural education:

(1) adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone." So that Confucianism became the orthodox thought of feudal rule. (Ancient History p3 1)

(2) Establish two official schools in Chang 'an: Central Imperial College and Local County Chinese Studies. (Ancient History p3 1)

Military diplomacy:

(1) sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to fight against the Huns for three wars and hit them hard. (Ancient History p4 1)

(2) Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions brought back unheard-of information about the Western Regions, strengthened ties with the Western Regions, promoted social progress in the Western Regions, enriched the material life of the Central Plains, and laid the foundation for the opening of the Silk Road. (Ancient History p42)

(3) Set up counties in the southwest Yi area successively, and strengthen the jurisdiction over the southwest Yi border area (ancient history p43).

(4) In South Vietnam (Guangdong and Guangxi), nine counties such as Nanhai were set up for effective jurisdiction (ancient history p43).

(5) Contact with Japan and North Korea. (Ancient History p44)

Insufficient:

(1) "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone." Cultural autocracy is not conducive to the development of cultural diversity.

(2) Delightfully, the Huns waged wars against each other year after year. Although the Huns could no longer compete with the Western Han Dynasty and protected the development of agriculture, economy and culture in the Central Plains, the huge and heavy military expenditure increased the burden on the people.

3. During the reign of Li Shimin, the national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, which was called the rule of Zhenguan. In his later years, he wrote a book "Emperor Fan" to teach the prince, summed up his life's political experience and commented on his own merits and demerits.

During his reign, he carried out the system of officers and men, the system of renting agents and the system of land equalization, and actively promoted the imperial examination system.

In 630, he defeated East Turkistan and was honored as "Tiankhan". In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng was married to Songzan Gambu of Tubo.

In 649 AD, Emperor Taizong suffered from dysentery, but the treatment eventually failed. He ordered Prince Li Zhi to represent state affairs in Jinyemen. Li Shimin died in Hanfeng Temple in Chang 'an in July 649. Buried in Zhaoling Mountain, more than 50 miles northeast of Liquan County, Shaanxi Province, China. Posthumous title is "Emperor Wen".

Emperor Taizong was good at listening to ministers' criticisms and opinions, and Kevin·Z directly protested his mistakes more than 200 times.

Emperor Taizong was also good at calligraphy, writing tablets line by line, and was the originator of later generations. Famous works include Ming in Hot Springs and Ming in Jinci. After his death, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote Preface to Lanting Collection as a funerary object.

4. The greatness of Zhao Kuangyin lies in that he grew up in the cruel and bloody chaos of the Five Dynasties, but created a relaxed political environment, because he grew up in a busy political career, but created an atmosphere conducive to the vigorous development of literati culture. However, he concentrated power on the central government, which weakened local power and was not enough to defend the central government; His military reform made "soldiers don't know generals, soldiers don't know generals", which reduced the combat capability of the army, so that it was always at a disadvantage in the war with the northern minorities. The bureaucratic system he created by himself made all levels and departments contain each other, which also reduced work efficiency, resulting in more officials and more politics. All these made him criticized by later generations. I don't think it is necessary to ask too much of historical figures. According to the disadvantages at that time and adapting to the situation at that time, Zhao Kuangyin reformed this system. However, his successors failed to continue to improve and reform according to the changes in current politics, leading to poverty and weakness. This cannot be blamed on Zhao Kuangyin.

Zhao Kuangyin's role in the history of China was not only to create a dynasty, but also to realize a phased transformation. He ranks 58th on the list of emperors who have influenced the world.

Genghis Khan's military career lasted nearly 50 years. He displayed his talents, relied on a group of generals and advisers who could recruit good fighters, and took advantage of cavalry to create achievements that shocked the world. He is good at running the army, creating and commanding the Mongolian army. He is well-trained, disciplined, good at field work and overcomes difficulties. In the face of many enemies, be good at using contradictions, strike another one with one blow and break them one by one; Tactically, he is good at fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses, practicing deception skillfully, avoiding reality and attacking the virtual, attacking in multiple ways, making circuitous raids and making quick decisions. Attach importance to maintaining wars by fighting. His military thought and command art play an important role in the world military history and have a great influence on later generations. Genghis Khan is an outstanding figure in the development history of the Chinese nation. The military conquest activities of Genghis Khan himself and his descendants overcame the man-made obstacles of land transportation between the East and the West at that time, greatly promoted the cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and promoted the progress of human civilization. In the East, Genghis Khan and his descendants leveled the confrontation between several regimes in Chinese mainland since the Tang Dynasty, and finally laid the basic map of modern China. Therefore, in his poem "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan", President Mao Zedong juxtaposed Genghis Khan with the emperors with outstanding martial arts in the Han nationality, namely Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Zhao Kuangyin.