I. Introduction to the author:
Luo Guanzhong, whose real name is Ben, is also known as "scattered people and lakes". A famous novelist and dramatist at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China was the originator of Zhang Hui's novels. The year of birth and death is unknown. His father Luo Jinsheng has six sons, ranking second in Guanxing.
The Roche family has always maintained a family style of "farming and reading, teaching children by poetry". Under the influence of this family tradition, Guan Zhong loved reading books and consulting classics and history since childhood, which laid a good foundation for his later creation. Under the influence of this great historical turmoil, Luo Guanzhong, as a wandering youth, joined the uprising army led by Zhang Shicheng, merged into its shogunate and made a guest appearance.
It seems that Luo Guanzhong's novels should benefit from his political frustration. It is precisely because of this that he has the time and possibility to devote himself to literary creation and become the first writer in the history of China literature to devote himself to novel creation. Luo Guanzhong wrote many works in his life. His major works include: The Dragon and Tiger Club of Zhao Taizu, A Series of exhortations on Loyalty, Filial Piety and Righteousness, and Zhang Sanping's Death and Crying. Co-authored novels with Shi Naian: Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Romance of Five Dynasties of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Biography of Three Demons in Suiping, Fenfang, Outlaws of the Marsh and the masterpiece Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Luo Guanzhong is an outstanding classical novelist in China. He pushed the style of Zhang Hui-style novels to a mature stage. The well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by him is not only a household name in China, but also translated into the languages of more than ten countries, which is popular all over the world and deeply loved by people all over the world. Abroad, his Romance of the Three Kingdoms is called "a masterpiece rich in people's nature", while the Encyclopedia Britannica calls him "the first master of art".
Second, the content overview:
A Dream in Red Mansions
Author: Fu
I. Introduction to the author:
Cao Xueqin (1724— 1764) was a novelist in Qing Dynasty. Word exhibition, Chinese characters,no. Xueqin,no. and piano score. His ancestral home is Feng Run, Hebei. In the early Qing Dynasty, he entered Zhengbai Banner in Manchuria. He was born in Nanjing.
Cao Xueqin lives in a big bureaucratic landlord family with a "century-old family". Starting from my grandfather and uncle, three generations of Jiangning weaving have been passed down for 60 years. Grandfather Cao Yin was Kangxi's "servant" and great-grandmother was Kangxi's wet nurse. The Cao family has a very close relationship with the royal family. As a teenager, he lived a luxurious life as a rich son. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), his father Cao Fu was implicated and dismissed. Since then, the power and property of the family have been lost. His family moved from one place to another, and his life was extremely unstable. Sometimes he even has to rely on relatives and friends to make a living, and he is often discriminated against and humiliated. After experiencing the great contrast from luxury food to "family eating porridge", I have a personal experience of the fate of the poor and a comprehensive and profound understanding of the darkness and evil of society.
After fifteen years of Qianlong, he left Beijing and moved to the western suburbs. Cao Xueqin's life in his later years was even more bleak and miserable. "The whole family often eats porridge and drinks on credit." He is poor and has no medical care. In addition, his young son died, and his novel A Dream of Red Mansions was not finished, so he died, which left us with many regrets.
Cao Xueqin was influenced by literature and art from an early age. His grandfather, Cao Yingong, was a famous bibliophile at that time because of his poems and calligraphy. Influenced by his grandfather, Cao Xueqin is good at painting and has many artistic talents. After moving to the western suburbs of Beijing, under difficult circumstances, he "studied for ten years, added and deleted five times" and created the immortal realistic masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions. This edition of A Dream of Red Mansions *** 120 times, and the last 40 times were continued by Gao E.
home page
Author: Guan Yanchun
I. Introduction to the author:
Ba Jin (1904.11.25—2005.10.17), formerly known as Li Yaotang, was born in Chengdu, Sichuan (originally from Jiaxing, Zhejiang). /kloc-at the beginning of 0/927, he went to France to study and wrote his first novel, Death, which was published under the pseudonym of Ba Jin. /kloc-returned to Shanghai at the end of 0/928 to engage in creation and translation. From 1929 to 1937, he wrote Home, a major representative novel, the Riptide Trilogy, and the Trilogy of Dream of the Sea, Autumn in Spring, Satin, MengMeng (Snow) and Rebirth and Love.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Ba Jin devoted himself to anti-Japanese and national salvation cultural activities in various places, and created Home, the sequel of Spring and Autumn Annals and the trilogy of anti-Japanese novels (also known as Fire).
Ba Jin attracted people's attention with his unique style and rich creation, and was called "a writer with enthusiasm and progressive thoughts, one of the few good writers" by Lu Xun.
Ba Jin 1982 won the Italian Dante International Award, 1983 won the French Legion of Honor, 1984 won the honorary doctorate of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985 won the foreign academician of the American Academy of Literature and Art, and 1990 won the People's Friendship Medal of the former Soviet Union. 1990 won the "Special Award for Creation of Asian Culture Award" in Fukuoka, Japan; 1993 won the "Comfort Award for Senior Writers" from the Asian Chinese Writers' Literature and Art Foundation; 1998 won the Outstanding Contribution Award of the 4th Shanghai Literature and Art Award, and was nominated by Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006, with 5438+0. In 2003, he was awarded the honorary title of "People's Writer" by the State Council. In the same year, he was selected as "Touching China".
Second, the content overview:
Ba Jin's novels are most famous for the collapse of the old family and the rebellion of the younger generation. Home is the most successful and influential masterpiece in this field, which shocked the hearts of several generations of young readers and established his important position in the history of modern literature. He is good at expressing his emotional excitement in beautiful narration and sincere and simple description.
tornado
Written by Liu Shuhua
I. Introduction to the author:
Cao Yu (19 10 ~ 1996) is a contemporary playwright. Formerly known as Wan Jiabao. Born in Qianjiang, Hubei Province, he was born in a feudal bureaucratic family in Tianjin. His father Wan Dezun served as Commander-in-Chief, Commander-in-Chief Li and Secretary to the President. Cao Yu's biological mother died young, and her stepmother loved drama. She often takes Cao Yu to see operas and civilized dramas. He didn't go to primary school, but stayed at home, reciting classics and reading history, but he often peeked at many domestic and foreign literary works, such as A Dream of Red Mansions, The Water Margin and The West Chamber.
From 65438 to 0922, he entered Tianjin Nankai Middle School and joined Nankai New Troupe, becoming an important backbone. On the one hand, he performed classical masterpieces, such as Moliere's Miser and Ibsen's Public Enemy, on the other hand, he created and performed new dramas on current affairs and carried out democratic propaganda and agitation. Around this time, he read a lot of new literary works since the May 4th Movement. 1928 was admitted to the Political Department of Nankai University. 65438-0930 Transfer to Tsinghua University Western Literature Department. 1933 After graduating from university, Cao Yu entered the Tsinghua Institute for postgraduate study, specializing in drama research. The following year, I went to Tianjin Hebei Women's Normal School to teach. Thunderstorm is the first four-act drama created by 1933, which exposes the decay and evil of bourgeois families with strong feudalism, reveals the historical trend that the old system will inevitably perish, and shocked the drama circle at that time with extremely high artistic achievements and realistic artistic strength, marking the beginning of the maturity of China's drama art. Later, it wrote Sunrise, Yuan Ye and Beijingers. And adapted Ba Jin's novel Home into a script, and also translated Romeo and Juliet. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as president of Beijing People's Art Theatre, secretary of the Secretariat of Chinese Writers Association, honorary president of Central Academy of Drama and chairman of Chinese Dramatists Association. He created the drama Clear Sky, the historical drama Bright Sword (writing) and Wang Zhaojun, and published a collection of essays, Spring Festival Collection, Selected Works of Cao Yu, On Cao Yu's Creation and Cao Yu's Drama Collection.
Bordertown
Xie Min wrote it.
I. Introduction to the author:
Shen Congwen (1902- 1988), formerly known as Shen Yuehuan, was born in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province. 14 years old, joined the team and roamed the Hunan-Sichuan-Guizhou border region. 1924 started literary creation, and went to teach in the National The National SouthWest Associated University after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War. 1946 returned to teach at Peking University. Shen Congwen published more than 30 collections of short stories, such as Zhou Shi and Congwen Subsets, and 6 novellas, such as Border Town and Long River. The novella Border Town, written on 1934, is a masterpiece full of local flavor and feelings in western Hunan. With beautiful brushstrokes, the author describes the love tragedy of the old man who supported the ferry and his granddaughter simple living of Cui Cui, as well as Cui Cui and the two sons of the shipping manager.
The novel depicts the idyllic border town world with an idyllic artistic conception. People here maintain the beauty of simplicity, naturalness, sincerity and kindness. They are upright and brave, charitable, enthusiastic and generous, value righteousness over profit, keep their promises, and keep their promises. "Everything is just peace of mind", as if it were a peaceful and peaceful Taoyuan fairyland. People here live poetically. This is lyric poetry and genre painting. There are no soul-stirring social changes and fierce and complicated contradictions and conflicts, but the style is far-reaching, natural, simple, harmonious and meaningful, just like a beautiful pastoral picture, which is known as "the purest novel text in the history of modern literature" and "the pinnacle of pastoral legend of modern literature in China". His prose is also unique, adding artistic brilliance to modern prose. Some later writers were deeply influenced by his writing style.
Second, the content overview:
cry out
Author: Cong Jinhua
I. Introduction to the author:
Lu Xun, a writer, thinker and revolutionary, is one of the founders of modern literature in China, and his spirit is called the soul of the Chinese nation. A native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was originally named Zhou Zhangshou, whose real name was Yushan, and later changed to Yucai. 1898 when I went to Nanjing to study, I changed my name to Zhou Shuren.
19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement.
During the period from 19 18 to 1936, he successively created and published novel collections: Scream, Wandering, Essays, Grave, Hot Wind, Huagai Collection, Continued Huagai Collection, Prose Poetry Collection and Prose Collection.
19361June19th, Lu Xun died in Shanghai. Thousands of ordinary people came to see him off, and his coffin was hung with a banner that read "soul of china" (Shen Junru's calligraphy).
Second, the content overview:
goddess
Zhang Baoxin wrote it.
I. Introduction to the author:
Guo Moruo (1892 ~ 1978) is a contemporary poet, playwright, historian and ancient philologist. Formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, his pen names are Guo and Macon. People from Leshan, Sichuan.
19 14 studied medicine in Japan at the beginning, and was exposed to the works of Tagore, Heine and Goethe. 19 19 began to publish new poems and novels. 1920, the collection of letters by Tian Han and Zong Baihua was published. Goddess, a collection of poems published by 192 1, created a poetic style. In the summer of the same year, he started the creation society with Cheng, Yu Dafu. 1923 After graduating from university, he abandoned medicine and went back to Shanghai to edit publications such as Creation Weekly. 65438-0926, a senior liberal arts student at Guangdong University. In July, he joined the army to participate in the Northern Expedition, and then participated in the Nanchang Uprising. 1929 began with novels such as Wandering Trilogy and essays such as Six Chapters. From 1928, Guo Moruo went into exile in Japan 10, and studied China's ancient history and ancient philology, which opened up a new world of historical research. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he returned to China alone. During this period, he created six historical dramas, such as Flowers of Tang Di and Qu Yuan, which fully showed the romantic characteristics, which was another great achievement of his creation.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Guo Moruo created historical drama Cai Wenji and Wu Zetian, poems Ode to Xinhua, Flowers Bloom and Flowers Fall, Camel Collection, literary works Poems with the Garden, Li Bai and Du Fu, etc. Guo Moruo wrote poems, essays, novels, historical plays, biographies, reviews and many other works all his life, and made great contributions to China's scientific and cultural undertakings in many aspects. He is another bright spot on China's cultural front after Lu Xun.
Eugénie? Grandet
Liu Min wrote it.
I. Introduction to the author:
Balzac is a great French critical realism writer in the19th century, the founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature, and a great writer with a strong romantic sentiment. He was heavily in debt because of his luxurious life, and at the same time, he created profound literary masterpieces with lofty and profound thoughts. His life is full of interesting stories, and his works are even more praised as "a mirror of French society". On his deathbed, Hugo, a great literary master, stood in the drizzle in Paris, France, and commented passionately in front of thousands of mourners: "Balzac is one of the greatest figures; Among the best characters, Balzac is the best. "
Balzac wrote 96 ministers, short stories and essays in his life, with the total name "Human Comedy". Among them, the representative figure is Eugénie? Grandet "and" Gao Laotou ". /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, his works have spread all over the world, which has had a great influence on the development of world literature and the progress of mankind. Marx and Engels praised him as an "outstanding novelist" and a "master of realism". From 65438 to 0829, Balzac finished the novel Juan Party. This work based on real life brought him a great reputation and laid the first cornerstone for French critical realism literature. Balzac set up an immortal monument in the history of world literature with his own creation.
1850 August 18 night 1 1: 30, Balzac, the great genius, got rid of the pain completely and passed away with regret that he had not finished writing "Human Comedy".
Hamlet
Author: Li Ronggang
I. Introduction to the author:
Shakespeare, a famous English playwright and poet. /kloc-the most famous English writer from the second half of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century (Ben? Jones called him "the soul of the times"), and he was also a master of humanistic literature in the European Renaissance. He wrote 37 plays, 154 poems 14 lines, two long poems and other poems.
The early writers were full of optimism about life and believed that humanism could be realized. The historical dramas and comedies created in this period all showed a bright and optimistic style. Even the tragedy Romeo and Juliet written in this period has many bright and optimistic factors. In the middle period, Shakespeare deeply felt that the contradiction between humanistic ideal and reality became more and more serious, and his writing style changed from bright optimism to gloomy grief and indignation. The focus of his tragedies is not to praise humanistic ideals, but to expose all kinds of evils and darkness that criticize society. Hamlet, the masterpiece, shows the thrilling struggle between the progressive forces and the dark forces who specialize in it. In the later period, Shakespeare deeply felt the disillusionment of humanistic ideals and retired from his hometown to write romantic legendary dramas. His creative style is also romantic and illusory. His works include cymbeline, The Story of Winter, The Tempest, etc.
Marx called Shakespeare "one of the greatest geniuses of mankind". Engels praised the realistic spirit of his works and the vividness and richness of the plot. Shakespeare's works have been translated into almost all languages in the world. 19 19 was introduced to China, and The Complete Works of Shakespeare has been published in Chinese.
The Old Man and the Sea
Chen Juan wrote it.
I. Introduction to the author:
Ernest? Hemingway (1899- 196 1) is an American novelist. 1899 July 2 1 was born in a rubber garden town on the outskirts of Chicago. I like sports, fishing and hunting since I was a child. After graduating from high school, I traveled to France and other places and worked as a trainee reporter after returning home. After the outbreak of World War I, he volunteered to go to Italy as a battlefield ambulance driver. 1965438+In the summer of 2008, he was seriously injured by shells at the front line and returned to China to recuperate. Later, he went to the Toronto Star as a reporter. 192 1 Back to Paris. 1923, published his first novel, three short stories and ten poems, and then traveled to European countries. 1926, the novel The Sun Also Rises was published, with initial results. In the early 1930s, Hemingway traveled and hunted in Africa. 1935 wrote "The Castle Peak of Africa" and some short stories. 1937 published the novel "With or without", describing the maritime smuggling activities between the United States and Cuba. During the Spanish Civil War, he visited the front three times as a reporter, wrote the script "The Fifth Column" during the war, and created the novel "For Who Will the Bell Toll" with the theme of Americans participating in the Spanish people's anti-fascist war (1940). 1952, The Old Man and the Sea came out, which received rave reviews and won the Pulitzer Prize the following year. 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. He committed suicide with a shotgun on July 2nd, 196 1 due to many old injuries, diseases and depression. Hemingway's posthumous works include: Island in Rapids (1970) and Eden (1986). His unique style and tough guy image have a far-reaching influence on modern European and American literature. previous