Lesson 1 Love under the eaves
Short Answer Questions
Meaning of family: Family is a relative living organization formed by marriage, consanguinity or adoption.
What are the family types? (1) nuclear family (two generations of parents and unmarried children); ② Main families (grandparents, parents, the third generation); ③ Single parent family (one parent lives with the child); ④ joint family (a family composed of parents and many pairs of married children, or a family composed of married peers).
Several situations of establishing family relations: marriage, childbirth, adoption and remarriage.
The meaning of filial piety: children's filial piety, service and support to their parents, the most important of which is to respect and love their parents.
The performance of filial piety to parents: ① Love parents and think about them in my heart. Understand and care about parents; (2) help parents in action and share their worries; ③ Study hard, be positive and make parents happy.
Parents have done immoral and illegal things, what should we do? If parents do immoral things, we should dare to criticize and stop them, which is good for parents and also a sign of filial piety. If they break the law, children should act according to the law, and they can't forgive or cover up their illegal behavior because of family relations.
How should we treat parents' elders? Why? We should respect them. Because they have made contributions to society and family, they have devoted great care and love to us.
learning point
In family relations, the most important thing is the relationship with parents.
The relationship between parents and children is mostly based on blood relationship.
Family is our cradle, harbor and first school, and parents are our first teachers.
Parenting and educating their children is a kind of affection, a traditional virtue and a moral and legal requirement.
Lesson 2 I make friends with my parents.
Short Answer Questions
Why are there contradictions between us and our parents when we enter adolescence? After entering adolescence, we have our own thoughts, longing for independence, being valued, and even challenging the authority of our parents. Our parents still treat us as children and are not at ease with us. They also nag and blame us. In this way, there is a contradiction between us and our parents.
How to correctly understand the contradiction with parents? It is the common wish of parents all over the world to have a long-term success. The conflict between us and our parents is often based on our parents' high expectations and strict requirements. This kind of "strictness", which seems harsh to us, reflects the love of our parents. We should understand and be considerate of our parents' pains.
The performance of rebellious psychology: ① I want to do this, I will do that; You say this is good, I have to say that is good; Let me believe this, but I must believe that.
Rebellious psychological reasons: I often feel disgusted with my parents' ideas, discipline methods and strict requirements.
The harm of rebellious psychology: ① punish yourself; (2) hurting parents.
What should we do when we have conflicts with our parents? First of all, we should calm down and discuss with our parents calmly. Consultation is the process of communication. (2) Through discussion, find out the differences and find a mutually acceptable solution.
The basic essentials of effective communication with parents: ① mutual understanding is the premise; Respect and understanding are the key; ③ The effective way to understand parents is empathy; The result of communication should seek common ground while reserving differences.
The art of communicating with parents: ① Appreciate parents and enhance family ties through appreciation; (2) Listen carefully and learn from listening; (3) Help parents and touch their loved ones with actions; In family communication, you don't have to care too much about your parents.
learning point
An effective way to understand parents is empathy.
The key to communicating with parents is respect and understanding.
There are contradictions and generation gaps with parents, and the positive approach is to build a bridge of communication from reality.
The conflict between us and our parents is often based on our parents' high expectations and strict requirements.
Unit 2 Teachers and friends walk together
Lesson 3 Companions Go Hand in Hand
Short Answer Questions
What's the point of positive interpersonal communication? (P3 1) Active communication makes the tree of friendship flourish; Let yourself go, you will be cheerful and your life will be more exciting.
What do popular people have in common? Sincere, friendly, kind and responsible.
What are the principles of making friends? Equality and reciprocity (see the story of Xiao Dong and Xiao Ning on page 33 of this book); (2) Tolerance and understanding (see the story of Xiao Ke and Xiao Xin on page 34); (3) True friendship should be frank and firm in the face of principles, and so-called friendship cannot be maintained by sacrificing principles (see the story of Kobayashi and Xiaohui on page 35); Make friends with friends, not friends.
How do boys and girls communicate normally and healthily? (1) to respect each other, but also respect yourself; (2) We should not only open ourselves, but also master proper limit; ③ We should not only be enthusiastic, but also pay attention to the way, occasion, time and frequency of communication.
learning point
In the communication with classmates, if you close yourself, you will only shrink your "interpersonal tree wheel", isolate yourself, and even form a closed mind.
Good interpersonal relationship is the result of mutual choice.
With the advent of adolescence, it is normal, natural and beautiful to pay attention to the opposite sex and even sprout a good impression or admiration for the opposite sex.
The feelings of boys and girls should be treated cautiously and rationally.
Everything in the world has its own season. If you ripen too early, you will wither too early.
In dealing with the opposite sex, we should learn to protect ourselves (female students), enhance our awareness of self-protection, master the methods of self-protection and exercise self-discipline, which is the best protection for ourselves.
Lesson 4 The teacher grew up with me
Short Answer Questions
What influence does the teacher-student relationship have on students? (1) affects our learning quality; ② Affect our physical and mental development.
The importance of teachers (why teachers are engineers of human soul): ① They are disseminators of human civilization; (2) Teach us the truth of being a man; (3) Help us master scientific and cultural knowledge and skills.
What is the connotation of the new teacher-student relationship? Teachers and students have equal personality, respect each other, learn from each other and learn from each other. Teachers are our study partners, guides and participants, and are our friends.
The art of communicating with teachers (methods): ① Look at the problem from the teacher's point of view; ② Correctly treat teachers' praise and criticism; (3) forgive the teacher's mistakes; 4 be polite to the teacher; ⑤ Pay attention to the occasion; 6. Don't lose your sense of proportion.
learning point
On what basis is the new teacher-student relationship established? Democracy and equality.
Active communication is the premise of all communication.
There are many excellent examples of communication between teachers and students in ancient China, including "being a teacher by example and being a teacher's friend".
The teacher is not only our mentor, but also our most sincere friend.
Teachers play an irreplaceable role in our growth.
Unit 3 Our friends are all over the world
Lesson 5 Multicultural "Global Village"
Short Answer Questions
List representative things of different countries: ① Japan: kimono, cherry blossoms, sushi; 2 Brazil: football, carnival; 3 Egypt: pyramids; 4 USA: The Statue of Liberty KFC; ⑤ Netherlands: tulips; Australia: Sydney Opera House; ⑦ France: Eiffel Tower; 8 India: Taj Mahal; Italy: Leaning Tower of Pisa, Venice.
List the representatives of different countries: ① China: Confucius and Mao Zedong; 2 USA: Bill Gates; 3 India: Tagore; ④ Denmark: Andersen.
List the most solemn and enthusiastic festivals and holiday foods of the Chinese nation: ① Spring Festival: jiaozi; ② Dragon Boat Festival: Zongzi; Mid-Autumn Festival: moon cakes; Lantern Festival: Lantern Festival.
List two different attitudes towards cultural differences and their connotations: attitude: exclusion and communication; Connotation: the former exaggerates the value of its own national culture, ignoring or even discriminating against the value of other national cultures; The latter respects not only the value of their own culture, but also the value of other cultures, and advocates equal exchanges and mutual learning. We advocate that cultures of all countries learn from each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, respect diversity and achieve common prosperity.
There are obstacles to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. What is the reason? What shall we do? Action: Facing different cultures, we should adopt an objective and equal attitude, respect the behavioral differences caused by different cultures, and be good at learning the advantages and advantages of other cultures with an open mind.
Briefly describe the great contribution of China culture to the world;
What are the traditional cultures of Chinese nation? Poetry, calligraphy, painting, porcelain, etc.
List different festivals in different countries.
The Source Model of National Festivals
Spring Festival in China drives away animals and sets off firecrackers.
Christmas in America is a gift in memory of Jesus.
The Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival attracts tourists to watch cherry blossoms.
French National Day commemorates a day symbolizing freedom and revolution?
What do you think of the email on page 64 of this book? In the face of cultural differences, we should overcome our anxiety and anxiety; Eliminate misunderstandings and try to maintain an objective and tolerant attitude; Improve the ability to appreciate other cultures; Don't take a defensive attitude, pay more attention to the experiences and opinions of others and avoid jumping to conclusions; Look for similarities that can connect the two sides; Do as the Romans do and respect local customs and habits; Explore effective communication skills; In communication, be neither humble nor supercilious, and treat each other with courtesy. ...
learning point
Different cultures of different countries and nationalities have their own symbols and representatives, and these representatives push the culture of their own countries and nationalities to the world.
Festival is a kind of cultural custom and unique cultural tradition formed by the country and the nation in the long-term historical evolution.
The diversity and richness of culture are manifested through unique cultural customs.
How many countries and nations there are in the world, there will be many unique cultural customs.
Different countries, different nationalities and different cultures have their own symbols and representatives.
Globalization is the common trend of economic development in the world today.
There are two different attitudes towards cultural differences: exclusion and communication.
Respecting, cherishing and protecting the cultures of various countries and nationalities embodies an open mind and lofty global consciousness.
There are differences in languages, but there is no difference between good and bad.
Lesson 6 The New Space of Network Communication
Short Answer Questions
What are the characteristics of network communication (object)? Concealed, fictional, indirect.
How to protect yourself in network communication? (1) Be sure to improve safety awareness, don't disclose personal information easily, and don't agree to the requirements of netizens at will; 2 Find familiar friends or teachers to help solve problems in real life, and don't rely solely on netizens to meet their emotional needs, so as not to be deceived; (3) improve their ability of discrimination and perception; (4) Improve your ability to resist temptation to protect yourself.
What rules should teenagers follow in online communication (how to surf the Internet in a civilized way)? Morality and law.
How to enjoy healthy network communication? Learn to protect yourself; ② Abide by the network rules.
How to understand that the network is a double-edged sword? The network has both advantages and disadvantages.
Give an example of the convenience that the network will bring to us? Internet provides us with convenient conditions for understanding current affairs, learning knowledge, communicating with people and entertaining. Network communication includes not only the communication between familiar friends, but also all aspects of communication between strangers, such as online medical treatment, online family search, online consultation and so on. Taking the Internet as a supplement to our life with a healthy attitude, we can enjoy many benefits of online communication, such as broadening our horizons, relaxing our mood, learning new knowledge and making new friends.
Psychological reasons of internet addiction? ① People who are introverted, unsociable and want to be valued but lonely; (2) people who have suffered some setbacks in their lives, people who have no special skills, people who are not outstanding in their work, people who are depressed, and people who are not at peace with their families; ③ Young students whose grades have declined due to environmental changes and are difficult to adapt are the most likely to become addicted.
How to learn information dieting? We should learn "information dieting" and resist bad temptations on the Internet. Be good at using network technology to solve problems in work and study; Help others solve some difficulties and do something beneficial to others and society.
What should I do in online chat rooms, bulletin boards and other places? (Moral requirements) ① The language is civilized, relaxed and humorous, and does not insult others; (2) For those who ask for help, try your best to help out of love; Communicate with netizens, be sincere and friendly, and don't deceive others, and so on.
What are the legal requirements for surfing the Internet? For example, do not maliciously create and spread rumors, do not insult the personality of others, and do not engage in fraudulent activities; Do not divulge state secrets; Do not manufacture and spread viruses, and do not use the Internet to destroy public facilities; Wait a minute.
List bad information on the internet: see the amount.
Unit 4 New Thinking of Communication Art
Lesson 7 Friendly communication comes first.
Short Answer Questions
What is politeness? Politeness is a norm to deal with the relationship between people, and it is also a moral code that people should abide by in their daily communication.
In what ways are you polite to people? Language, attitude and behavior.
What are the necessary qualities for friendly communication with people? Civilized language, friendly attitude and dignified behavior.
What are the requirements of polite language? Polite language requires speaking kindly, not arguing irrationally or hurtful words; Speak politely and don't curse; When talking with people, we should be humble and respect each other, and talk in a consultative tone, not arrogant and boastful.
The functions of polite language are: ① to make communication harmonious and add color to interpersonal relationships; It can make people feel warm and harmonious.
As far as personal etiquette is concerned, what are the performances? Civilized manners, elegant movements, natural posture, proper gestures, natural expressions, decent manners, dignified appearance, decent clothes and attention to hygiene.
Which three gestures are most suitable for etiquette? Stand like a pine, sit like a bell, and walk like the wind.
What are the basic etiquette requirements for middle school students to wear? ① Dress neatly and don't wear weird or excessively naked clothes; 2 Do not wear jewelry, necklaces or earrings; ③ Do not wear high heels, and the hairstyle is consistent with the school uniform.
What should we pay special attention to when dealing with ethnic minorities? Don't violate national taboos.
learning point
Politeness is the concrete expression of respect and the embodiment of civilization.
Whether to be polite is not only a personal matter, but also a trivial matter. It shows whether a person has moral cultivation, which affects the interpersonal relationship and social atmosphere, and is related to the dignity of the country and the nation.
A friendly attitude can add charm to our communication.
Modesty is a good way of behavior that we should cultivate.
Paying attention to the code of conduct is the basic requirement of our social interaction.
Etiquette is not only a form, but also a symbol of spiritual civilization of a person, a collective and even a country.
Shaking hands is the most common etiquette in modern society.
The mastery of social etiquette is not naturally formed, and it needs constant learning, observation and thinking in social life.
Mastering civilized and healthy social etiquette is an indispensable condition to adapt to modern society.
Abiding by healthy and civilized social etiquette is a specific requirement to show our elegance and noble morality, and it is also a prerequisite for us to communicate smoothly with others.
Lesson 8 Competition and Win-Win Cooperation
Short Answer Questions
What are the positive and negative effects of competition? p90
Knowledge about jealousy: ① jealousy is a by-product of competition; Jealousy is a subtle, intense and hidden negative emotion, a negative psychology of punishing oneself with others' achievements, which is extremely harmful to our development. But it is also the driving force of human progress; To be a qualified competitor, we must eliminate jealousy.
What are the basic principles that must be followed in competition? Morality and law.
For each contestant, what rules should be followed in the competition? Fair.
What is the purpose of our competition? The purpose of our participation in the competition is to surpass ourselves, develop potential, stimulate learning enthusiasm, improve work efficiency, learn from each other's strengths and make progress together.
What is the core of cooperation? Develop the spirit of collectivism.
The relationship between cooperation and * * *? Cooperation is the basis of * * * enjoyment, and * * * enjoyment is the inevitable result of cooperation.
The relationship between cooperation and competition? Cooperation and competition are not incompatible, but interdependent. You have me and I have you.
Why should we compete in cooperation? Only by learning to compete in cooperation can we achieve full cooperation and reasonable competition. (2) It will make our collective stronger and each of us make faster progress.
How to compete in cooperation? ① Respect competitors and learn from them; ② Competition is an effective way of cooperation. For us, we should be good at identifying our own advantages, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and dare to compete with others. ③ Competing in cooperation, not judging heroes by success or failure.
"Cooperation in competition, competition in cooperation". How should we deal with the relationship with others? Learn to appreciate others, discover their strengths, and learn from others with an open mind; (2) Learn to understand and forgive others, put yourself in the other's shoes, treat others sincerely, and make progress.
What is the core of team spirit? Collectivism means cooperation, enjoyment and dedication, and individual interests are subordinate to collective interests.
learning point
The goal of competition in cooperation: learn from each other's strengths and make progress hand in hand.
Cooperation principle in competition: "win-win" principle.
What spirit does competition need us to form in cooperation? Team spirit.
The essence of cooperation in competition is: mutual promotion and common improvement.
Competition is an effective way of cooperation.
Cooperation is the soil for career success, and the success of any career requires good cooperation.
Lesson 9 The heart is wider than the world of others.
Short Answer Questions
The motto of tolerance: "The prime minister can punt in his stomach, and the general can race horses on his forehead", "All rivers run into the sea, and tolerance is great".
What is tolerance? Tolerance means generosity, forgiveness and indifference to others.
The basis of inclusive cooperation: "Harmony without differences, seeking common ground while reserving differences".
In life, people have many understandings of tolerance, such as "tolerance is forbearance" and "tolerance is cowardice". How to understand it? A: Tolerance doesn't mean that we don't know right or wrong. Love and hate are unknown; Not right or wrong, insensitive. Tolerance is principled, not blind.
5. What is the connotation and entity of "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"? Connotation: Don't impose what you don't like on others. Entity: Be considerate, equal, respectful and friendly in interpersonal communication.
6. Empathy, the essence of being kind to others: pay close attention to the communication object and go deep into each other's inner world.
7. Performance of equality: ① Equality of personality (each of us is a subject with independent consciousness and has the dignity of being a human being); Equal legal status (in legal status, each of us enjoys legal rights and performs legal obligations equally);
8. Why is it because of the differences between people that human beings pursue equality unremittingly and highlight the value of equality? This difference is the realistic basis for us to respect people, treat others equally and learn from each other's strengths. Some of your own advantages are not proud capital; Some of our own shortcomings are not reasons for inferiority. Strengthening the sense of equality, treating others equally and learning from each other's strengths are the correct attitudes we should adopt.
9. What should we do if we respect others? Respect for others requires us to be polite, equal, honest, friendly and fully understand others.
learning point
Respect for nature is closely related to respect for others and society.
The core of respecting nature is to protect the environment.
We respect people, not only individuals, but also society.
To respect society, we must abide by social rules and assume social responsibilities.
Treat the disadvantaged equally, consciously safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and provide help within their power.
It is precisely because of the differences between people that human beings have an infinite pursuit of equality and highlight the value of equality.
The differences between people are the realistic basis for us to respect people, treat others equally and learn from each other's strengths.
Empathy is a psychological experience process between people.
Empathy is an indispensable psychological mechanism for understanding.
Good at tolerance, benefit others and benefit themselves.
Tolerance keeps yourself away from troubles and hatred and experiences the peace and satisfaction of mind brought by tolerance.
We not only tolerate others, but also tolerate ourselves and accept ourselves.
These views are all wrong: ① Tolerance means forbearing everything; Tolerance means accommodating others in everything; ③ Tolerance is a sign of cowardice; 4 Tolerance equals connivance; (5) There is no principle if you want to be tolerant, and you can't be tolerant if you talk about principles; 6 for those who lack tolerance, it is impossible to pay attention to tolerance; All landowners tolerate each other's unintentional injuries and do not tolerate each other's intentional injuries.
Tolerance is a virtue and a realm.
Tolerance has principles.
Lesson 10 Always be honest.
Short Answer Questions
What is honesty? Honest and trustworthy. "Honesty" means being sincere to yourself, being upright, being upright, doing things honestly and seeking truth from facts; "Trust" means trusting others outside, having credit, stressing credibility and keeping promises.
What are the basic requirements of honesty? Answer: Be trustworthy to people and responsible for things.
What are the four requirements of the code of good faith? 1. Persisting in seeking truth from facts is one of the principles of being a man; When it comes to conflicts of interest, the code of good faith requires us to stand on the side of the interests of most people; (3) When immediate interests conflict with long-term interests, the principle of good faith requires us to stand on the side of long-term interests. ④ When emotion conflicts with law, the principle of good faith requires us to stand on the side of law.
How to deal with the relationship between honesty and respect for others' privacy? On the one hand, "treat people with sincerity and make friends with faith" is the basic principle of interpersonal communication; On the other hand, respecting privacy is the premise of being honest with others; (3) When there is a conflict between the two, we should stick to the principle, weigh the advantages and disadvantages, and properly handle it according to the actual situation.
What do you mean by "a word spoken by a gentleman is a lost cause" and "a person without trust doesn't know what he can do"? "A word from a gentleman is a promise that cannot be recalled" means that once a person makes a promise in a rational state, he must faithfully perform it. "People who don't believe don't know what they can do" means that a person doesn't keep his word, and I don't know how he can stand in this world.
Is a white lie dishonest? Why? No. Because white lies don't violate honest morality. White lies are not for personal gain, but for the need to safeguard the interests of the other party.
learning point
White lies do not violate honest morality. White lies are not for personal gain, but for the need to safeguard the interests of the other party.
The core of honesty is kindness. There are all kinds of complicated situations about honesty.
The quality of honesty is noble. The requirements of honesty are certain, but the specific conditions of honesty are very complicated.
Insisting on seeking truth from facts is one of the principles of being a man.
The basis of honesty is to respect objective facts.
Honesty and trust are a lotus tree.
Honesty is the premise of gaining trust, and the basis of trust is always honesty.