1. Among the various ways for humans to understand the world, art is the most emotional. Art has an instinctive connection with the expression of human emotions. "Human beings are born quiet, which is the nature of heaven and earth; being moved by things is the desire of nature. Since you have desires, you can't stop thinking; now that you have thoughts, you can't be silent; since you have words, you can't say them. What can't be done is to start from the sighing and chanting, and there must be a natural sound rhythm, which is why this poem is written." (Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty ① "Preface to the Collection of Poems")
"Being moved by feeling things" is not only the origin of art, but also the annotation of "climbing a mountain makes you full of emotions in the mountains. Watching the sea makes your thoughts overflow in the sea." In Chinese calligraphy art, feeling things and speaking with understanding is called calligraphy. The psychological source of art contains people’s spiritual pursuits in Chinese calligraphy. People not only want to express emotions, but also seek liberation. Although life contains endless changes, at a specific time and space, people are often in a certain fixed form in reality. The constraints of reality force people to eventually pursue the spiritual world, seek from art, and find a spiritual space for "infinite swimming". So how can we "travel to infinity"? Let's take a spiritual wander! That is art. Art can express a person's independence better than anything else. Chinese calligraphy provides such a vast world of endless travel. It is not only popular, so popular that anyone can write it, but it is also enigmatic, containing profound philosophy and infinite changes. Without profound cultivation and skillful skills, it is impossible to explore the hidden meanings. , The hook is deep and far-reaching. The production of calligraphy works is the comprehensive manifestation of the calligrapher's inner world and the outer world. This kind of comprehensive manifestation is characterized by the direct presentation of the soul and the dynamic process of the soul.
(Zhang Guangmao. Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days of Young Calligraphy. Liaoning Fine Arts Publishing House, 1999.06.)
2. Four elements of calligraphy art:
The One: Use a pen.
When using a brush, there are distinctions such as center forward, side forward, hidden front, outgoing front, square pen, round pen, light and heavy, and frustration. With simple strokes, continuous meaning and continuous momentum, it is called "one-stroke calligraphy" in calligraphy and "one-stroke painting" in painting. The thousands of scenes composed of this "one stroke of writing" are infused with a whole life. It expresses the feeling of the bones, tendons, flesh, and blood of the living organism, and the bones, tendons, flesh, and blood of the natural living organism. It is invisible. , implicit, latent, abstract manner isomorphism. The meaning of life in the universe is revealed through the image of intuition. The pens used by great calligraphers embody deep and rich emotions. Smiles of joy, sounds of sorrow, and various inner feelings and emotions can all be expressed through calligraphy. Therefore, it is said that "books are paintings from the heart". ——"Xizhi's "Le Yi" is filled with melancholy emotions, while his "Praise to Painting" is about servant girls..." Wang Xizhi wrote different dharma stickers with different inner feelings, and his pens showed different thoughts. meteorological.
Second: Structure.
The structure of calligraphy is similar to the composition of painting. Every word is a perfect composition, running through the rule of "one inch of picture, one inch of gold". It reaches the level of purification that "one point added is too long, one point taken away is too short". The "moving energy" of the words and the words constitute the layout of the whole article. Structure is the basic frame that determines the style of calligraphy. The characters are composed of dots and dots, and the white space of dots is also a component. It is commonly said that "white is used as black" and "virtual and real are combined". Like a building, it requires a sense of "proportion". Extremely strong spatial distribution. This kind of spatial relationship in the art of calligraphy has different expressions in different calligraphy styles such as seal script, official script, Zhen script, Xing script, Cao script and regular script. Different senses of aesthetic space hide the outlook on life and the deepest emotional experiences of different nations and times. One of the basic rules of structure is "it seems strange, but it is anyway". "Qi" means change, "zheng" means unity, and seek unity in change. If you blindly seek "oddness", you will end up with weirdness; if you blindly seek "correctness", you will end up with dullness. Oddity and righteousness are opposites and complement each other, which is an important dialectic of art.
Third: state of mind.
Ideology is a kind of flying momentum of connotation given to the fonts by the calligrapher's subjective interest. It is mainly the emotion formed by the contrast between the words and the words, Yan Yang, Ying Ying, and Gu Pan. sports. Calligrapher Zhong Yao said, "The flow of the pod is the human being." The beauty of the artistic conception is exactly the embodiment of the pod of the human soul. It flows freely and freely, injecting the rhythm of all things. The handwriting is clear and consistent with a through line of the universe. , thereby producing deep beauty. "People in Jin Dynasty valued rhyme, people in Tang Dynasty valued law, people in Song Dynasty valued meaning, and people in Ming Dynasty valued posture." This saying not only refers to the meaning and momentum of form.
Fourth: Wind God.
The spirit of wind is the synthesis of the charm, charm, individual style of calligraphy and the mental state when writing and creating. The style of Jin people who are "Shangyun" is mostly elegant and unrestrained, and their personality is beyond nature. The style of the Tang Dynasty people who "respected the law" was very rigorous and calm, and their personality was based on the law. In later calligraphy art, there are still two similar and generally different tendencies. The benefits of calligraphy and the highest state of Fengshen are "nature". The meaning of "nature" is multi-layered. "Nature" requires the subject's personality to conform to nature, just like the spirit of the universe, which is open-minded and straightforward. "Nature" requires calligraphy to be the same as nature. If a word has the same existence value as the mountains, rivers, sun, moon, rivers, seas and stars. "Nature" also requires the creator to have a high degree of freedom of mental state when writing, and requires the completion of the work to achieve the unity of necessity and contingency, just like all phenomena in nature, with no trace of beginning or end, no trace of carving, and reaching a state of complete nature. Fengshen is the perfect realization of the subject's personality, mind, magnanimity, and literary talent in the art of calligraphy.
The composition of these four elements makes calligraphy one of the ideal art forms that comprehensively displays the inner world and the outer world.
(Editors: Li Baohua, He Fengnian, Yue Xiaozhan. Popular Course on Aesthetic Education. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Press, 2006.8.)