Open classification: folklore, history, hundred family names and surname culture.
First, the source of surname
Xiang has two sources:
1, starting from the surname Ji, there was a kingdom in the Zhou Dynasty, which is located in Xiangcheng, Henan Province today. Guo Xiang was a vassal state with the same surname (Ji surname) in the Zhou Dynasty. In 647 BC, it was destroyed by the State of Chu, and the descendants of the Guo Xiang monarch took the country name as their surname, called Shi Xiang.
2. From the surname, he is a descendant of the Chu royal family. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan, the son of Chu, was sealed in Xiangcheng (now Xiangcheng County, Henan Province) and established. Later, it was destroyed by Qi, and later generations took "Xiang" as the title.
Second, migration distribution.
Among many surnames, Xiang's origin is relatively simple. According to historical records, Xiang surname originated from Mi surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan, the son of Chu, was originally a descendant of the royal family. Because of his achievements, he was sealed in Xiangdi, and Guo Xiang was established under the name of fief. In 647 BC, this small country was destroyed by Qi Huangong. Since then, people living in Guo Xiang have taken Guo Xiang as their surname. According to Guangyun, Xiang's surname originated from Mi's surname, and the ancestor of Mi's surname is the descendant of Ji's surname, so it is traced back to the source that Xiang's surname originated from the descendant of Ji's surname. In Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province provinces, Xiang's surname did not enter the top 100. Later, Xiang developed into a noble family in western Liaoning, known as the king of western Liaoning. Xiang surname is a common surname nowadays, which is widely distributed, accounting for about 0.06% of the Han population in China, ranking163rd. Especially in Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guizhou and other provinces, this surname accounts for about 74% of Hunan's total population.
Third, historical celebrities.
Xiang Yu: the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty, with a name and a feather. Chu was born in a noble family. The ability to carry a tripod is extraordinary. After the uprising in Shu Wuzhong, Xiang Liang, Xiang Liang led the army after the defeat. Cross the rubicon, Yu Julu defeated the main force and killed more than 200,000 Qin soldiers. After entering the customs, he became the overlord of the western Chu, and after fighting for the world with Liu Bang, there was no disadvantage in the war. In 202 BC, he was trapped by Liu Bang, and then broke through to Wujiang River to commit suicide.
Xiang Yan: a child prodigy in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, when he was seven years old, he argued with Confucius, which made Confucius very embarrassed. Later generations called it "the teacher of saints".
Heart fragrance: Yuan Dynasty. I am diligent and studious, and I like poetry and painting. I died very sadly, because my mother was ill and was mistakenly drugged by a quack. I decided to study medicine and became famous for it.
Xiang Jiong: Poet of Yuan Dynasty. He was a famous Confucian, but he was not an official.
Xiang Ying: (1898— 194 1 year), formerly known as Delong, was born in Wuchang, Hubei. 1922, joined the China * * * production party. He used to be chairman and party secretary of Hubei Federation of Trade Unions. He is a member of the Third to Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a member of the Sixth the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, and a secretary of the Central Secretariat. 1930 served as secretary of the Central Changjiang Bureau in August, 19 was transferred to the Central Soviet Area in February as acting secretary of the Central Soviet Area C.O. and chairman of the Military Commission, and later served as vice chairman of the Central Workers' and Peasants' Democratic Government. 1934 After the Long March of the Red Army, Chen Yi and others stayed in the Jiangxi-Guangdong border region to persist in guerrilla warfare. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he served as secretary of the Southeast Bureau of the Central Committee and political commissar and deputy commander of the New Fourth Army. In the Southern Anhui Incident, after seven days and nights of fierce fighting, they rushed out of the tight encirclement with Zhou Zikun and others, hid in the mountains, and got in touch with scattered comrades and underground parties. Due to the close search by the enemy, it was moved to a stone cave near Bee Cave at dawn on March 12. At dawn the next day, the former military adjutant Liu Houcong defected and shot and killed Xiang Ying and Zhou Zikun who were sleeping. Liu Houcong, a traitor, defected to the Kuomintang Department in Jingxian County and was killed by the enemy.
Xiang: A writer and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. Gong Shi, ancient prose. Lowercase letters are strict, especially cursive.
Xiang Lanzhen, a poetess in Ming Dynasty. Huang Maoxi's wife. There is a poem called "Planting the Moon".
In addition, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a poet Xiang Si; in the Ming Dynasty, there was a minister of war Xiang Zhong, a collector of calligraphy and painting appreciation, and a painter Xiang Shengmo.
Fourth, the county hall number
Wang Jun 1
Liaoxi County: During the Warring States Period, the Yan State first established Liaoxi County. After Qin and Han Dynasties. It is equivalent to the area east of Laoting in Hebei and west of Daling River in Liaoning.
2. Hall number
Saint's Hall: Xiang Yan was the teacher of Confucius at the age of seven in the Spring and Autumn Period.
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Xiangxing ancestral hall couplet
Four-character couplet of Xiang ancestral hall
Talk to everyone;
Protect Liu with a sword.
—— Li Wenzheng Xiexiang Ancestral Association
Couplets refer to Xiang Si, a poet in Tang Dynasty, a native of Lean, Taizhou, who was a scholar in Huichang. When he was not a scholar, he took his own poem to visit Yang Jingzhi, imperial academy, and Yang Jingzhi wrote a poem for him: "Just read the poem a few times, and the standard (demeanor) is better than the poem. I have never understood the goodness of Tibetans in my life and talked about things everywhere. " Since then, the names of poems have been heard in Chang 'an. He is the author of Xiang Si's poems. The second couplet refers to Xiang Bo, a lowly relative of the late Qin Dynasty, whose name is Tie, whose word is Bo, uncle of Xiang Yu, and born in the noble state of Chu. Xiang Yu led 400,000 troops stationed in Hong Men to fight Liu Bang with Fan Zeng. Xiang Bo has a good relationship with Sean, Liu Bang's counselor. He went to Liu Bang's army that night and tried his best to excuse Liu Bang in front of Xiang Yu. Liu Bang went to Hong Men to see Xiang Yu. At the banquet, Fan Zeng ordered Xiang Zhuang (Xiang Yu's cousin) to dance the sword, trying to kill Liu Bang. He also covered himself so that Liu Bang wouldn't die. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, it was named Sheyang Hou.
Landscape belt;
Tigers roar and dragons sing.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
This couplet is from Xiangwang Temple in wujiang town, Anhui Province, also known as Wang Ba Temple.
Shize in western Liaoning;
Shi Sheng Jiasheng
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The All-China Federation refers to Xiang Tuo in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that he stumped Confucius at the age of seven and became his teacher.
Hong Men dances sword;
Weishui invests money.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Xiang Zhuang's attempt to kill Liu Bang and Xiang Bo's repeated attempts to shield him at the Hongmen banquet at the end of Qin Dynasty. The second couplet refers to Han Xiang Zhongshan, which is famous for his Tomb-Sweeping Day. He drinks horses and drinks water, and always votes for San Qian.
Chonghua shize;
A seven-year-old saint.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Xiang Yu at the end of Qin Dynasty, whose eyes were heavy and Qin died, calling himself "the overlord of the place of Chu". The second couplet called Xiang Tuo the teacher of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Zhenghuai hukou;
The performance is different from that of Guan Zhong.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The first couplet refers to the story of Song Xiang Si. The next couplet points out the Zhongxiang Stone Hall.
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Five-character couplet of Xiang ancestral hall
The heavy pupil is the master of Chu;
At the age of seven, he became a saint.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Xiang Yu, the leader of the peasant uprising army at the end of Qin Dynasty. His name is Yu, and he was born in Chu, a noble country. It is said that his eyes are double pupils and he can carry a tripod. In the early years of Qin Ershi, he took part in the Wu Uprising with his uncle Xiang Liang. After Xiang Liang's death, he besieged Zhao, appointed Yi Song as the upper general and Xiang Yu as the lower general, and led the army to save Zhao. Yi Song can't stay in Anyang. He killed Yi Song, led his troops through Zhangshui, and wiped out Qin Jun's main forces in the Battle of Julu. After the demise of the Qin dynasty, he became the overlord of the western Chu state and sealed the vassal king. He was defeated by Liu Bang in the Chu-Han War and finally committed suicide by breaking through Wujiang River from Gaixia. The second couplet refers to the young Xiang Tuo in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that he stumped Confucius at the age of seven and became his teacher.
The bear is the king of Chu;
Become a saint.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Xiang Yu, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty, who claimed to be the overlord of the West Chu. The second couplet refers to Xiang Tuo, a prodigy in the Spring and Autumn Period. When he was seven years old, he argued with Confucius, which embarrassed him. Later generations called it "the teacher of saints".
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Seven-character couplet of Xiang's ancestral hall
The name of the poem says that people meet the sea;
Family studies are passed down from generation to generation.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
Couplets refer to Yuan Dynasty poets Xiang Tong and Linhai people. Poetry works are said to be "collectible". The bottom line refers to the name of the item and the person who thinks about it. Being polite at home has a reputation as a family style.
Cut off the moon and let the clouds shine forever;
Few people in Yueshan live forever.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
Couplets refer to the wives of female poets Xiang Lanzhen and Huang Maoxi in Ming Dynasty. There are poems "Cut the Moon" and "Cloud Dew". The second couplet is Xiang, a writer and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, whose word is Shao Yue. Ancient poems are written in strict small letters, especially in cursive script, and there is a collection of Shaoyueshan people.
The sky is low;
Men and women fought against the emperor.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
This couplet is from Xiangyu Temple in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province.
Luye Shen Zhao Ye;
Hong Men fought to break hegemony.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
This couplet is from Xiangwang Temple in wujiang town, Anhui.
Spring dreams are less Buddha;
An old painter who scribbled autumn mountains.
-Zeng Yandong wrote Xiang Zongtang Federation.
This couplet is a gift from Zeng Yandong, a famous person in Qing Dynasty, to the orchard (Yongjia, Zhejiang).
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[Ancestral Hall General Association of Seven Words or More]
Wu Ying prodigy can be regarded as a model of saints;
The article is famous all over the world, which can be regarded as Confucianism in the world.
-the ancestral hall couplet written by anonymous.
The first part refers to the second part of Xiang Tuo. The second couplet refers to the story of Xiang Yu, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty.
There are many talented people in the group, but they are so admired and so eager to see everyone.
We can learn from the past. Let's go to that fame and fortune meeting and stop teaching clothes brocade at night.
—— Shen Songfu's General Association of Xiang Ancestral Hall
The first couplet is Xiang's Ancestral Hall in Song County, Anhui Province.
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Appendix: Couplet Story-Liuxiang Doulian (another version is Zhuxiang Doulian)
According to legend, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the world, and the battle between Chu and Han eventually led to Liu Hexiang fighting with each other like a feud, and never getting along. As a result, it not only affects the development of production, but also affects the stability of society. There are two villages somewhere, one is Liu and the other is Xiang, separated by a river. The two villages in Liu Xiang are silos, but they are fighting with each other. Hanging couplets at the entrance of the village every autumn is nothing more than raising oneself and belittling each other.
One year, people surnamed Liu hung up such a couplet early:
Two emperors;
A generation of military advisers.
The "Emperors of the Two Dynasties" in this couplet tells the story that Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, established the Western Han Dynasty and Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, established the Eastern Han Dynasty. The second part of A Generation of Military Strategists tells the story of Liu Ji (Liu Bowen), a military strategist of the Ming Dynasty. It seems very difficult to compare with Gao Liu. At that time, there happened to be a scholar who went to Beijing to take the exam. He passed by Xiang's village and lived in it. When I heard about it, I thought I would fight all the time. This is not the way, so I want to promote peace. So I went to Liu's village alone to explain my interests and persuade Liu to reconcile, live in harmony and enjoy peace. Only when a person named Liu Can can't think of a couplet can he send someone to talk about it and ask the other person to show the couplet, and he is willing to make peace. Scholar can't, so we have to use a pair of couplets:
Cook the son of heaven;
Be a saint teacher.
The "Father of the Cooking Son of Heaven" in this couplet refers to Xiang Yu's capture of Liu Bang's father when Xiang Yu and Liu Bang competed for hegemony. So he sent someone to tell Liu Bang that if Liu Bang refused to surrender, he would cook Liu Fu and eat him. After hearing this, Liu Bang said to the bearer, if his father is ready, please give him a piece to taste. Xiang Yu couldn't bear it, so he let Liu Fu go. For Liu, Liu Bang is an unfilial generation, thick-skinned and shameless, and extremely disgraceful. The second part of "Being a Teacher for the Saints" is about Xiang Tuo, the son of Lu Yu and the crusade of Confucius. After talking with him, Confucius said that Xiang Tuo Jr. "can be a teacher".
When people surnamed Liu saw the scholar shaking out this couplet, they knew that there was someone outside, and they really felt that it was useless to fight at home and in the country, so they agreed to settle. Since then, Liu Xiang and his two villages have lived in harmony, exchanged needed goods, developed together and lived in peace. However, the practice of Dou Lian still exists, but it is no longer "raising oneself and belittling others", but has become a position of cultural exchange.
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A brief introduction to Xiang, a revolutionary hero of China People's Liberation Army.
General Xiang Ying.
Xiang Ying (1898.5-1941.3.13), formerly known as Delong, was born in Huangpi County, Hubei Province. Work as a weaver after primary school. Under the influence of the October Revolution and the May 4th Movement in Russia, they began to accept Marxism and spontaneously organized workers to fight against capitalists in factories. /kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in April, 922. Attended the second congress of China * * * Party, and was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the third congress of China * * * Party, at the fourth congress of China * * 1925+ 10, and at the fifth congress of China * * 1927. He was elected as a member of the International Supervisory Committee at the 6th General Assembly of * * * Industry International. At the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the Sixth Central Committee, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau and secretary of the Central Secretariat at the Fifth Plenary Session.
1923 served as director-general of Han Jing Railway Strike Committee in February, and 1924 served as minister of the Central Ministry of Workers in February. He led the workers' movements in Wuhan and Shanghai successively. Is one of the main leaders of the "February 7th" strike. From 1926 to 1930, he served as the organization minister of Hubei Federation of Trade Unions, the party secretary of the Federation of Trade Unions, the captain of the Wuhan Workers' picket team, the member of the Central Wuhan Provisional Committee, the executive member of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and the party secretary of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions. 1In July, 1928, he served as Party Secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and member of the Central Military Commission. 10 served as Acting Minister of the Central Organization Department. Become one of the leaders of the workers' movement in China. 1In August, 930, he served as secretary of the Central Changjiang Bureau. 193 1 year 1 month, acting secretary of the Soviet c.o. and chairman of the central revolutionary military commission; 1 1 was elected as the vice chairman of the provisional central government of the Chinese Soviet Union. 1934 1 was re-elected as the vice chairman of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union. Later, he served as chairman of Gannan Military and Political Committee and commander of Gannan Military Region.
After the Long March of the Red Army, he served as secretary of Jiangxi Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, commander of the Central Soviet Area Military Region and political commissar. Under extremely difficult conditions, he persisted in guerrilla warfare on the Jiangxi-Guangdong border and preserved the revolutionary armed forces. After Zunyi Conference, he continued to serve as member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the Secretariat. 1938 65438+ 10 served as the secretary of the southeast branch of the central Committee (1938 65438+ 10 was changed to the southeast branch), the deputy commander of the new fourth army, and the secretary of the new fourth army branch of the China Central Military Commission to carry out guerrilla warfare against Japan.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as secretary of the Southeast Bureau of the Central Committee, deputy commander and political commissar of the New Fourth Army.
194110/On October 6th, the Third War Zone of the Kuomintang was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek to attack the troops of the New Fourth Army in Maolin area of Jingxian County, Anhui Province, which triggered the "Southern Anhui Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries, and the New Fourth Army suffered heavy losses. Xiang Ying was killed by a traitor in the incident at the age of 43.
Note: Xiang Ying, deputy commander of the New Fourth Army, was killed.
194 1 year 1 year, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched the Southern Anhui Incident and surrounded more than 9,000 troops of the New Fourth Army with 80,000 troops in Maolin area of Jingxian County, Anhui Province in 1 year.
/KOOC-0/4/KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/4 night, Commander Ye Ting went to the enemy camp to negotiate and was detained. That evening, the Kuomintang army launched a general attack. Except for 1000 people, most of the soldiers of the New Fourth Army died heroically. Xiang Ying, the deputy commander, and Zhou Zikun, the deputy chief of staff, were separated from the big troops when they broke through, so they had to stay in the mountainous area of southern Anhui and wait for the north. Under the cover of the local underground party organization, more than 10 people, including Xiang Ying, hid in a cave on the hillside behind Liankeng shi niu cun.
On the night of March 23rd, Xiang Ying, Zhou Zikun and the guard Huang Cheng stayed in the cave, and the rest went down the mountain to contact the underground party for transfer. Adjutant Liu Houzong shot and killed Xiang Ying and Zhou Zikun with a pistol at 2 am on March 24th, and Huang Cheng was shot and injured. After the murder, he snatched Xiang and Zhou's gold, silver, watches and guns, fled down the mountain and reported the loss to the Kuomintang county party department.
After liberation, according to the instructions of Marshal Liu Bocheng, the bodies of Xiang Ying and Zhou Zikun were moved to Yuhuatai. The East China Military Region built a mausoleum for Xiang Ying, Zhou Zikun and Yuan, director of the Political Department of the New Fourth Army who died in the breakout. Xiang Ying's tomb is placed in the middle, and people call it "the tomb of the Three Martyrs".