General news reports also attach great importance to the preliminary work of interviews, and journalists should be good at studying and analyzing materials and writing an interview outline based on them. But this kind of data analysis is limited, and the interview outline is also rough. Because the main purpose of general news interview is to get a relatively independent fact. Therefore, as long as reporters are good at asking questions, they will often get something. However, the depth of a single and relatively independent fact is not enough for in-depth reporting. The research on "Why" and "How" makes the collection and research of background information a place where journalists spend a lot of energy in the early stage of in-depth reporting and interview. First of all, through the research and analysis of social reality and development, we can identify the hot and difficult issues that the audience is generally concerned about. Whether you can choose the subject matter accurately, sensitively and farsightedly is directly related to the success of in-depth reporting. This requires journalists to have a keen sense of smell in real life and a wise grasp of social dynamics. The "freezing point" of China Youth Daily is a column that is good at in-depth reporting, but those seemingly cold news events are just the tip of the iceberg of social hot and difficult issues for a period of time. Journalists find suitable reporting topics among messy and trivial clues through hard investigation and research. Secondly, collect and analyze the background information. The background of news events generally includes: supplementary historical materials, materials showing the relationship between things, materials providing the necessary experiences of characters, data facts, etc. Collecting and analyzing these background materials is very important for the preparatory work of in-depth reporting and interview, and also has a far-reaching role in promoting the whole process of reporting, including helping journalists get interview opportunities, quickly entering interview roles and gaining the trust of interviewees. In order to interview Dr. Kissinger exclusively, CCTV reporter Shui Junyi analyzed Dr. Kissinger's personality characteristics on the basis of preparing a large number of relevant background materials, and then directly contacted Kissinger's office for an interview. He also explained the benefits of Kissinger's interview to the office staff, and finally made Kissinger accept an exclusive interview.
Finally, draw up a comprehensive, in-depth and clear-headed interview outline. The interview outline is the embodiment of the reporter's logical thinking and thinking level. A good interview outline can help reporters strengthen their confidence, keep calm in the face of adversity, master the initiative of the interview, and make the interview get perfect results. Du Junfei mentioned in the book "Principles of In-depth Reporting" that Lalu Gilland, a journalism professor in Nevada, USA, had introduced an auxiliary formula for designing the interview outline, which had certain guiding significance. He reminded reporters that when setting questions, they should involve the following specific questions: goal-what is the goal you (or organization) want to achieve?
obstacles-have you encountered any problems? What is the current resistance?
solution-how do you deal with these problems? Is there a plan to solve the contradiction?
start-when did this idea start? Whose opinion is it based on?
Of course, the drafting of the interview outline has a great relationship with the reporter's own interview habits and communication methods, but it is more important to ensure that the questions are unique, accurate, coherent, creative and fascinating.
In the final analysis, an interview is nothing more than a lively and thoughtful conversation. The specific questioning skills include: 1. Grasp the core questions, get to the point, and get to the point. This method is to ask hard and closely related questions at the beginning, and then expand them into more general questions. It is suitable for interviewing those who are good at words, quick at thinking and feel confident. Straight to the point will make the other party feel that you are frank and efficient, and to the point can make the other party feel that you know what to do and are worth talking to.
2, from the shallow to the deep, ask questions and explore unknown details. There are many sharp questions in in-depth reporting, which sometimes inevitably make reporters run into a wall. The interviewees are either stiff and uneasy, prevaricated, and don't get to the point, or they deliberately refuse, evasive and perfunctory. This requires reporters to have the perseverance and skills to ask questions. You can first use some broad topics to ease the atmosphere and gradually introduce the topic; Or beat about the bush, trace back to the source, and lead to unknown details.
3. Inductive questions lead to lively and argumentative conversations. In leading questions, the interviewee should be sensitive and willing to argue, while the reporter should grasp the opportunity of conversation and use tone, tone or wording to induce the other party to give a positive answer. What kind of results will be produced by leading questions depends on the degree of harmonious relationship between journalists and interviewees. Because induced questions can easily make the conversation reach the point of intransigence, but as long as the harmonious relationship is maintained, it may lead to unexpected truth
4. Moderate silence. Silence is also an important skill in in-depth reporting, because in-depth reporting questions are mostly focused, targeted and exclusive, and it is necessary to leave time for the interviewee to think and explain the problem. Smart reporters generally don't interrupt the interviewee, so they may get direct questions that they can't get. Deliberately keeping a straight face can sometimes be equally effective. Mike wallace, a famous American TV host, said, "I found that the most interesting thing in TV interview is to ask a beautiful question, and then you will be silent for three or four seconds after the other person has answered, as if you are still expecting more answers from him. Do you know what will happen? The other person will feel a little embarrassed and talk to you about more things. "
Be good at observing and listening, and capture the facts that can't be revealed in interview questions and answers. Ai Feng reminded all journalists "don't forget to bring your eyes and ears when interviewing". We emphasize observation and listening because in-depth reports and interviews require the full commitment of journalists. Many little-known reasons and precious news facts are perceived by journalists by mobilizing all their senses, including their hearts. (1) Choose the right perspective for meticulous observation. This perspective may refer to the macroscopic and overall perspective of grasping the interrelationships of things; It may also refer to the perspective of journalists' personal feelings and thoughts; It may also refer to the microscopic perspective when observing in the field. In short, the correct perspective and careful observation will enable journalists to obtain accurate, direct and characteristic information. (2) To be a attentive listener, Kuang Yunmiao put forward in Contemporary Journalism: A journalist, especially a seasoned journalist, should be the best listener, not a chatterbox. Indeed, journalists who are good at listening are often more likely to gain rich results and communicate with the interviewees more easily. The fleeting news clues and the implication of the interviewee will be discovered because of your intentional listening, and the understanding of news facts may be closer to its true colors.
Specific interview requirements:
1. Appointment of time and address;
2. if there are any changes, the formulation of the second plan;
3. Drafting the interview content, including the preparation of questions;
4. Understand the background of the interviewee and collect information beforehand;
5. Know the history of CUHK (including Kangle Park and Shipai) beforehand;
6. Ask the interviewee in advance whether it is possible to record and take photos;
7. Grasp the theme during the interview (try not to digress) and control the time;
8. interact with the interviewee during the interview;
9. Pay attention to your expression and speed, and speak clearly and clearly during the interview;
1. Ask questions in time when you encounter unclear places during the interview, and absolutely avoid subjective fabrication and addition;
11. After the interview, you can ask whether you can provide relevant information;
12. Give some gifts to express your gratitude;
13. Send the completed interview draft back to the interviewee, ask them to have a look and make appropriate revisions;
14. Send a copy of the final publication to the interviewee and thank him again.
Outline of news interview
1. Topic of interview: safeguarding citizens' privacy. 2. Purpose of interview
Through the interview, we can clearly understand the privacy threats and hidden dangers around us, understand the harm caused by infringing others' privacy, and make everyone have a clearer understanding and improvement on the issue of maintaining privacy. Let everyone establish a sense of privacy and enhance their sense of responsibility to respect the privacy of others. 3. Event-related background
It is understood that the protection of personal information in China's laws is relatively weak at present, which basically belongs to an "indirect protection". Due to the lack of legal protection, the personal information of Chinese citizens has been leaked and abused to a considerable extent. The disclosure of personal information not only interferes with the life order of many people, but also threatens the personal property and life safety. However, due to the difficulty of grasping evidence by personal strength, many parties whose privacy has been violated do not know where to discuss. Many citizens feel that they have received some special "attention". In their own lives, people of all kinds often intrude abruptly. They know their personal data like the palm of their hand, even better than themselves, so that they feel like goldfish living in transparent glass fiber reinforced plastic, and their every move is being watched, with no privacy at all. Faced with this situation, it is extremely urgent to strengthen legislation and improve the legal system for personal information protection. 4. Interviewees (1) (willing to be interviewed) Parties (2) Participants
(3) Relevant persons selling private information (4) Units and individuals with private information sources (5) Relevant legal experts
5. Interview form: individual interview (more than five interviewees, one-on-one interview) 6. Question design (1) (Willing) B. Who do you think leaked your privacy and for what purpose? C. What troubles and injuries does privacy disclosure bring to you and your family? (2) Participants
A. What do you think of the problem of privacy being leaked?
b, if your privacy is leaked, what measures will you take, choose silence or take legal weapons to protect yourself?
c, did you intentionally or unintentionally reveal other people's privacy? (3) Relevant persons selling personal information A. Where are the sources of your personal information?
b, what is the use of this information for buyers, and what is its price? How much profit can you get from it?
C. Did anyone buy these materials? Did many people buy them?
51. What do you think the earthquake brought to you? Good or bad
52. Now many schools are starting to learn the spirit of self-sacrifice and saving lives of earthquake heroes. What do you want to say to them here?
an interview outline for a journalism student? Interview topic: "The Watcher of the Spiritual Home"-Interviewer:? Interviewee: a reporter from Hunan Radio and Television News? Interview topic: a reporter, an experience. In this complicated society, he is just a reporter, who is an ordinary companion with pens: commenting on newspapers is magnificent and doing things in a down-to-earth manner; Maybe he is not successful, not bright-eyed, but he is performing his own wonderful performance between squares and guarding his own spiritual home. ? Interview form: QQ chat? Interview questions: 1. It's only been more than two years since Hunan Normal University graduated from the School of Journalism and Communication. How did you think of applying for this major? Being a journalist has always been my ideal, and it is logical to choose a journalism major. Being a journalist is of course one of the most important directions for me to choose a career. 2. What kind of news publications do you like to read? The article mentioned Southern Weekend? Why? Do you think it is similar to the truth and sharpness you are pursuing? ? < Journalist > , "News Writing", "News Communication" and so on. I like the publishing style of Southern Weekend very much, because it pays attention to the voices of the lowest people. I sympathize with the disadvantaged groups, and as a reporter, I should drum up and shout for them. 3. What news types do you pay more attention to? People's livelihood? Current politics. People's livelihood is also concerned, and we can see the other side of society. 4. Obsessed with words? Your own words? I won't be infatuated with my own words, I don't like my own words. 5. Besides loving words, your handwriting is also commendable. Calligraphy won the silver prize in the National Calligraphy Competition. Calligraphy was practiced when I was a child, and now I regard it as a kind of self-cultivation. ? 6. As a gold medal real estate reporter of Hunan Radio and Television News, may I know what this "gold medal" means? Just like the gold medal in the Asian Games, you should be the top journalist. ? 7. Hunan Science and Education News adopts the system of editing and editing, and your identity has also changed from reporter to reporter editor. Can you adapt to this change? This is a natural law and will soon adapt to it. 8. When did you join China Newspaper Network? October 9, 24. How do you want to join? Learn more about industry consultation, learn news editing business and communicate with people in the industry. 1. As the moderator of "Media Cooperation and Workplace" of China Newspaper Network, it has been nearly 3 months. Are you still adapting and doing well? If you are responsible for Bambusa, you should know how to pay. 11. Students, interns, journalists, editors, moderators of a website? These changes are only in two years. How do you think you made these changes? I am originally a person in the industry, and making newspapers and websites can be said to be similar. 12. You said that you "hope to look at the problem from a higher angle, because the starting point of looking at the problem is too low, it is difficult to see the crux of the problem, and you can't grasp the essence of the problem. I hope that I can have my own say in the newspaper industry and also enlighten others! “ 。 May I know what you mean by "height"? The so-called height means that your perspective should be higher than others, and you should be sharp and observant about the problem. ? 13, your article, especially when it comes to the current media field, you always "feel far from reality, especially in the professional ethics of journalists, I have deep doubts about the professional ethics of journalists". As a journalism major, I haven't left campus yet, and I really want to know what the real media field is. What do you suspect? What do you think a real journalist should be like? If you are a person with ideal news, you really want to do something for the society through your own pen, but when you enter this industry, journalists also have many constraints. You have no right to publish, and the leader has the right to shoot your manuscript, and your ideal will get farther and farther, and finally you will be numb. ? 14, China is a country full of strong human feelings, in some units, nepotism is very serious. Have you ever been in this situation? There is such a situation, and it is very common. This is the cruelty of society. 15. In your article, when you analyzed the reasons for the closure of Oriental New Newspaper, you said, "Those who are capable are superior, while those who are mediocre are inferior. Some jobs obtained by pulling relationships cannot adapt to the development of market economy. At present, newspapers are beginning to move towards market-oriented operation. If they do not operate according to the laws of the market,