1. I have already talked about horizontal and vertical strokes. There are two kinds of gestures: single gesture and compound gesture.
1. 1 horizontal single gesture. In the word forever, one is flat and the position is 6; The other is up, strategic position, position 3. Is there a downward intersection? The downward bias in the direction of No.9 is the lateral potential, which is the same as the first point of Yongzi. There is another crack in the direction of No.9, which is the last one. Opening is opening, and the side is uneven, so the downward lateral trend is called side, not opening. There are two horizontal lines on the right side of the word "liver" in the funeral notes, both of which are in the direction of No.9. Some people say this is a slap? No, it's just horizontal, a little oblique.
Lateral transformation, the top is covered and the bottom is raised. The so-called upward coverage, if they are divided into two halves, covering this line means the back side first, first up and then down. Adhere to this line, that is, first down, then up, first side, then policy. So superposition can also be said to be a composite line. In this way, the three blue lines are the original trend of the eight-character method, and the two red lines are the trend.
1.2 Vertical single gesture. The basic rule is whether the vertical pen is a little tilted, yes. For example, the vertical position in the middle of the pen is often inclined, which is caused by the left and right wrists. This happens when the wrist shakes greatly, but we think it is vertical rather than left. There is no vertical line in the eight methods of the word forever, and there is only Nu in the word forever, which is the opposite. There is no line break in the eight methods of the word forever, which is also a gesture that comes out.
1.3 Horizontal composite gesture: struggling gesture. The most important thing is the five potentials, which are horizontal and continuous. We have already talked about the potential of the square and the potential of the plow beam, both in the upper right corner. In Zhang Xu's eyes, they are just an opening of the gesture, a continuous writing of lines, belonging to the cause.
The five potentials are to reveal the essence of lines, and then people's eyes are on the shape of stippling, which is more intuitive to learn. If these two viewpoints are combined, it is a good way to learn calligraphy from the outside to the inside. For example, at the beginning of writing, with the three lines of strategy, horizontal and lateral, I can discharge nine styles. Horizontal+horizontal, strategic, horizontal; Policy+horizontal, policy, side; Side by side, horizontal, lateral, strategic. These combinations are essentially horizontal lines, but the surface shapes are different. The easiest way at this time is to say that these are half-baked, and it is too cumbersome to give a name to each different surface shape. The pavilions and supporting figures in Preface to the Lanting Pavilion can be regarded as horizontal strokes or struggles. In ancient times, he was given another name, which was too much memory for learning calligraphy.
1.4 vertical compound gesture: vertical gesture. As for vertical stroke, its basic idea is the same as hard stroke. If the vertical stroke is opened, it is the lower left corner, add another fold. How to use the vertical pen gesture has been mentioned before, and here is just a reminder.
2. Pen-lifting function. Simple horizontal and vertical links can't change the pattern, and the stepped lines are of little practical use, as long as they have the function of lifting the pen, they will change immediately. For example, a vertical stroke is two strokes, the second stroke is raised, and the horizontal stroke below is shortened and does not intersect with the first vertical stroke. That is to say, from the perspective of rotation, the mouth and the upper and lower rings are the same, but the wrist jitter is different, so the shape is different. If the first horizontal pen crosses the vertical pen when it is up, it is a soil character, which also depends on the amplitude of wrist jitter. Therefore, the five potentials grasp the essence of turning, and the amplitude of wrist jitter determines the final shape. If a vertical stroke is particularly long, it is called a vertical stroke, and this combination appears very frequently in writing. We will also encounter the situation of lifting the pen vertically once. The result of writing is one vertical and three horizontal.
In short: pen power and vertical pen power, shake your wrist a few times to decide how to open it. The same number of strokes, whether to raise the pen affects the final shape. Similarly, the range of pen lifting and wrist shaking also affects the results. Therefore, the final glyph is determined by the number and amplitude of wrist jitter.
Let's look at some examples. For example, the word "pen" in the preface to the sermon on the Wild Goose Pagoda is written with the function of lifting the pen on the left and the function of lifting the pen on the right. The difference is that when writing vertically on the left side, the pen is raised, and when opening on the right side, the pen is raised again. Wang Xizhi wrote the word "Zhi" first, with a vertical line in the middle, and then wrote two horizontal lines with a pen, so that he could see the end of the line clearly. The word "sheep" in Zhiyong's cursive script, the sheep's head above is equal to an upper word, and the lower one is also an upper word, but the amplitude of wrist jitter is different, which affects the length of each stroke and the final gesture shape is also different.
Sun mentioned the word "I" twice. The first time he wrote a horizontal line, he raised his pen to the left. The second time he wrote a vertical line, he raised his pen to the left and tied a beautiful knot. Three strokes are clear and smooth. Real books often don't show ties, such as the I word of Zhiyong. Wang Xizhi's word "in", below which is the earth, is to write the horizontal pen up first, then lift the pen to the left vertically, so that the stippling can be clearly divided. Why did Chu Suiliang's word "zai" split into two halves in the last horizontal direction, and the left half was much thicker than the right half? Because he wrote a vertical line and raised the pen to the left, leaving the line on the paper. He is thick because there are traces of string on a horizontal line.
The soil-picking potential is the edge of the soil word. If the scholar is on the left, it is to pick the scholar. The author's idea is to only look at the shape of stippling, pay attention to the length and don't let it turn. Is it annoying that every shape has a name? Local figures, literati figures, can be classified as the momentum of hard pen, two strokes. Because the essence of writing is the same, we must give it a name, and it is enough to call it an excavator, no matter how long it is. It seems that no matter how many strokes are opened vertically, they are all vertical gestures.
In short: the essence of the five potentials is to talk about turning, and turning comes from shaking the wrist. There are strokes in both the vertical posture and the pen-fighting posture, but the wrist shaking increases. Lifting the pen will affect the final gesture shape.
Zhang Xu said that a vertical gesture can write a word, which means that he doesn't care about the final gesture shape, so turning is the foundation.
3. stone rafters. It was created using the pen-lifting function. As we all know, there are supporting wooden poles under some complicated railings. Wang Yi's Notes on Songs of Chu: The threshold is vertical and the rafters are horizontal. Therefore, "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says, thank you, too. Together, it is what we usually call a railing.
A gesture of two halves was originally written down in sequence. If it's separate, it says one open.