Li Bai, whose name is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Su Shi, whose real name is _ _ _ _, whose real name is _ _ _ _, whose real name is _ _ _ _ _ _.
(0.5 points per space)
Now, ideographic characters have basically withdrawn from the appellation system of China people, and only a few people are still taking font names out of hobbies, such as Li Ao, a writer who is proud of Chinese characters; Mu Xin's real name is Sun Pu, the word Yang Zhong, and his name is Mu Xin; Calligrapher Fan Ceng, with the word "Ten Wings", is named "Lord of worshipping Zhai"; Clock, a traveler, is not commonly used and has no practical use.
This is a common phenomenon in the Chinese world. Why did the word suddenly disappear in a century?
Why are there words?
The taboo of names in China tradition is the basis of writing.
No civilization has so many taboos around "name" as China. It is a very serious insult to call each other by their first names. In formal writing, we should also avoid the taboos of venerable persons, elders, Confucius and so on. The most famous example is Historical Records. In order to avoid his father's anonymity (Sima Tan), Sima Qian changed the names of all the people with the same name in Historical Records, such as Zhang Mengtan, to Zhang Mengtong. This has caused countless difficulties to historical researchers, so that some people sum up taboos as knowledge that researchers must master.
Taboo Literature of China HowNet
Character is an extension of name, which originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Book of Rites Tan Gong" says: "Young people are crowned, and 50 are equal. When he died, Zhou Dao also. "
To put it simply, when the ancients were born for three months, their parents would name them, and their elders and teachers would call you by your name directly; At the age of 20, to hold a coronation ceremony-that is, an adult ceremony, and then enter the society, it is very inappropriate to call each other by a young name out of courtesy, and you need to take a word.
Therefore, "name" is a name determined after birth; "Zi" is equivalent to a new ID for entering the adult society. With this new ID, it can be incorporated into the "ceremony" of the adult world-in front of elders and respected people, you must call them by their first names to show humility. For example, in the Analects of Confucius, Confucius called himself "Qiu"; No matter how high a courtier is, he must be called by his first name before the monarch, and he must never use the font size.
-The venerable should be called Zi to show respect, and the venerable can call him by his first name. For example, Confucius' disciples called him "Zhong Ni", while Confucius called Yan Hui "Hui" by his first name. However, if you mention a respected person in a conversation with others, you can call him by his first name. In The Analects of Confucius, Lutz was often asked who was driving, and Lutz replied, "For Kong Qiu."
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the development of etiquette became more and more complicated, and taboos became more and more strict. The humble can neither be praised by the name of the honorable person nor by words. In the Three Kingdoms, Ma Chao was spoiled and arrogant. When talking to Liu Bei, he called Liu Bei's words. This is a big violation, so "Guan Yu is angry, please kill him."
However, not everyone can speak. The "rite of passage" of a weak crown is not to be Shu Ren, but to be a nobleman who can be a man and then rule. This new ID is the first step into the upper social life.
At the specific coronation ceremony, after taking the word, I will use this new identity to see my brother first, then salute the guests and then meet my family. After that, I dressed in Duan Xuan's clothes and went to see the monarch, and presented a gift from a sergeant, thus fulfilling my responsibilities as a gentleman and minister. Then I want to meet Dr. Qing and the elders in the countryside and introduce myself as a member of the aristocratic society.
There is no doubt that the man's coronation ceremony restored by modern people is still lacking in form.
It can be seen that the crown ceremony is based on the social interaction between nobles, and the word is also the privilege of the class above the rank of scholar. The social function around this point is the most practical use of this word.
After the Han dynasty, the literati class has always been a direct participant in politics and belongs to the elite class. After the perfection of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty, the prestige and status of this class were guaranteed. As an important part of the reader's address system, people have continued to this day.
The disappearance of vocabulary
Besides China, North Korea and Viet Nam also have the custom of choosing words.
In the second half of the 7th century, Koreans began to follow China's example in choosing Chinese characters and numbers. The earliest Korean who had Chinese characters was In-mun Kim, the son of King Liee, Emperor Taizong of Silla, whose Chinese character was Renshou. Xue Yan, a great scholar who created Han Guan to read Chinese characters, has wise words. Park Ji-won, a Korean realist scholar, once lived in Yanyan Valley in the North Yellow Sea, so he was named "Yanyan". And people with words and numbers are mostly Korean princes and nobles.
Park Ji-won, the author of Yan Yanji
In Vietnam, many people also have word names, nicknames, nicknames, pen names and common names. For example, Wu, a poet of Ruan Dynasty, was named Rushan, which means "the benevolent Leshan". Names and nicknames are mostly reserved for upper-middle class people, especially literati. For example,/kloc-Ruan Wenchao, a literary master in the 9th century, moved to Shou Chang County, Hanoi Province and became a layman in Shou Chang. Many emperors also adopted this nickname, such as Li Shengzong, who claimed to be the "Master of Tiannan Cave". In the old society, Vietnamese passed the imperial examination, and others still put fame before their names, such as Master Deng Taixie and the recommended champion. Today, there are still many Vietnamese who take the font size, for example, it is called "Ling".
Like China, the tradition of these characters has disappeared and become a hobby of a few people. However, in the Chinese world, Chinese characters are no longer used in Taiwan Province Province, Singapore and overseas Chinese communities.
During the Republic of China, Chinese characters began to disappear from public view. The first thing that disappeared was the "coronation ceremony" that the ancients valued. According to the local records of Shanghang County in the Republic of China, many Hakka areas have long lost their "coronation ceremony".
Later, in the New Culture Movement, the complicated name system of the ancients was regarded as the representative of feudalism. Zou Taofen's younger brother Zou once wrote an article specifically refuting China's name and font size, which was too complicated and confusing. However, the Election Law of Members of the Republic of China clearly stipulates that if a written number is used, it will be regarded as an invalid ticket. So in the Republic of China, names gradually merged and people began to call each other. Scholar Wang Quangen believes that people born after the 1920s and 1930s rarely carry characters.
For example, Hu Shi, formerly known as Heimao, has proper nouns, while his sons Hu Zuwang and Hu Sidu have no proper nouns. Lu Xun, whose real name is Zhou Shuren, was originally named Yushan and later renamed Yucai. His son Zhou Haiying also has nothing to say.
Lu Xun and Zhou Haiying
But words gradually disappeared, the most important reason is that there are no people who use words.
Scholars are traditional intellectuals in feudal society. Through imperial examinations and Confucianism, scholars presided over and led the ancient society and history of China. However, with the collapse of Manchu monarchy after the Revolution of 1911, the imperial examination was abolished and the road to being an official was interrupted. Scholars have become modern new intellectuals and lost their traditional political aristocratic status.
Under this great change, the traditional ideographic system has also lost its practical application foundation and become a cultural symbol. For the same reason, the ideographic systems in Taiwan Province Province and Singapore have also disappeared.
However, the ideographic writing system has been hit more thoroughly in Chinese mainland. After 1949, the intellectual class suffered a devastating blow. Mao Zedong believes that: in terms of economic status, intellectuals are working people; But in the world view, intellectuals are bourgeois, and the Rightists are also cocky here.
After a long time, no one dared to mention whether he was a "scholar" or an "intellectual". Everyone desperately wanted to join the ranks of proletarian workers and peasants. At that time, dare to give yourself a word or number, it is simply pulling a red flag and inserting a white flag at home.
How to get a high-grade word
Now font size is popular again. There is an upsurge of "restoring ideographic system" in cultural circles. Take the words and paste them, and the forum will blossom everywhere. There are more and more Bomoufu, and many people have ideographs, such as Li Haoran's Tan, Zhou Qixing's Cheng Hao and Zhang Ce's Zhu Bian.
"Baidu knows" about asking for help, imitating the ancients to take words.
Many celebrities like to choose their own words. Such as writer Li Ao, the word Aozhi; Mu Xin's real name is Sun Pu, the word Yang Zhong, and his name is Mu Xin; Fan Ceng, a master of calligraphy and painting, has the word "Ten Wings" and the name "Lord of worshipping Zhai". Traveler Zhong, named Kui, is a layman.
However, at this time, the functions of Chinese characters are completely different from those of the ancients. It is the source of high-level cultural symbols, used to enhance tonality or highlight unique identity.
The principle of choosing Chinese characters today is different from that of the ancients. The relationship between Chinese characters and names is not important, but mysterious and complicated Chinese characters are highly valued. Just browse the font size post bar and you will find words like "Yu", "Heng" and "Yi" everywhere.
Want to get rid of the forum accent and get a high-grade word? Maybe we should know some principles of choosing words first:
-the most retro "word" should learn from the pre-Qin dynasty. The most classic is "Bomoufu", while women correspond to "Bomoufu", such as Li's word "Bo" and his word "Bomeimu". This format is a sandwich word, with the ranking of "Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji" and the beautiful words of "Father, Mother and Father" as the main characters.
-if you want a little aristocratic temperament, use "zi". "Zi" originally came from the title of Jue, and became a good name in the Spring and Autumn Period, such as Prince Zhou's Branch and Zi Ziyi. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, ancient customs prevailed, and many people used the word "zi", such as Du Fu, Zi Mei, Su Shi and Zi Zhan.
-In the Han Dynasty, interlinear words were often collocated with "Gong, Jun, Qing and Weng" and other words were added. After the Han dynasty, people used the word "two" more often. During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Han nationality and ethnic minorities merged, and some three-character classics appeared.
Moreover, we should pay attention to the differences between men and women in choosing words. Noble women hold gifts when they are fifteen, indicating that they are allowed to get married. Although women also use ideographs, many women often use their birth names directly as ideographs. Queen Guo's father Cao Pi called her, "This is my daughter Wang." So her real name and name are "Queen".
Although font size has become fashionable again, you should be cautious if you want to chase this retro trend. After all, when hearing the self-introduction of "Li, Bo, Shang", the reaction of ordinary people is: We will quietly watch you pretend.