Up to now, hard-pen calligraphy has basically followed the theory and method of Chinese calligraphy, so the evaluation of a hard-pen work or students' writing assignments is more measured by the standard of Chinese calligraphy. There are several important concepts in the brushstroke technique: lifting, turning and returning to the front, and this concept and writing technique will inevitably continue in hard-pen calligraphy. Only by truly understanding the principles of lifting, turning and returning to the front can we express "pause" and "returning to the front" more reasonably in hard pen writing!
Lift and press: As the name implies, it means "lift" and "press". Lifting is to lift the pen tip, and pressing is to press the pen tip onto the paper, which is "Dun". When writing with a brush, lifting can make the strokes thinner and pressing can make the strokes thicker. However, when the hard pen "presses", the change of stroke thickness is quite subtle.
Turning point: Many strokes of Chinese characters are compound strokes. For example, strokes such as folds and hooks need to change the writing direction when writing, so there is a "turning point". There are also two kinds of turning points, turning (circle) and folding (square). In the theory of ancient books, "Fiona Fang's corresponding turning point" refers to this point.
"Back before": a continuous action that often follows "strokes", usually appearing at the "folding" and closing of some strokes (such as horizontal). Mainly plays the role of adjusting the direction of strokes and connecting the next stroke. The brush is soft, and you must adjust the direction at the turning point to continue writing. However, in hard pen calligraphy, in order not to affect the fluency of writing, the action of "returning to the front" becomes very slight, even negligible.
Then, how to embody "pause" and "return to the front" in hard-pen characters?
First, the writing method of "Dunbi" in hard pen words
The brush stroke is the "press" in the technique of "lifting and pressing", and it is a heavy press. Writing on paper with a hard pen is a very small point. This point is not static, but depends on the specific strokes and characters, such as horizontal writing slightly flat and vertical writing slightly vertical. Generally speaking, the correct strokes must meet the following conditions:
1, don't destroy the original appearance of strokes, such as ""can't be written as ""should be flat or flat.
2. Stroke is an integral part of stroke, not a modification on the original stroke. For example, ""cannot be written as "".
3. Stroke is a "point" written at one time, not a mechanical "point back" or repeated graffiti.
The correct way to write: press from the top left to the bottom right, and the direction is basically 45 degrees. Take the horizontal line as an example: pen-pen to the right-pen (back and forward). The first stroke is to press down to the right in the air (volley means that the pen tip has started to run in the air before touching the paper), and the second stroke is to press down directly to the right when closing the pen. Although there are pauses and presses when using the pen, the whole stroke writing process should be coherent, which seems to have three steps. In fact, it is done in one go, and only one beat is needed after proficiency. At the same time, the echo of the pen should choose the appropriate angle according to the next stroke, which can sometimes be ignored.
Pupils' hand muscle development is not perfect, so it is often difficult to reflect this fine and continuous change of strokes when writing, and it is necessary to write well through repeated practice. For example, the horizontal stroke above can be divided into three strokes (Dun-Heng-Dun) and practiced repeatedly until the three strokes are skillfully connected into one stroke, so that the strokes of the pen and the strokes themselves are integrated.
Second, the hard pen word "back front" writing.
In the stroke technique, the "back front" is an important content, but in the process of hard pen writing, because the pen tip is thin and the stroke thickness changes little, the "back front" is not as important as the stroke, and sometimes it can even be ignored. In addition, "before and after" is not fixed, sometimes it needs to be returned, and sometimes it doesn't need to be returned. It is also a "back front" with different directions and ways. Mr. Qian Peiyun, a famous calligrapher and special calligraphy teacher, summed up this different regression trend (gesture) into five situations in his teaching process.
"Writing is a continuous and complete movement. Between all strokes of a word, the pen tip (that is, the pen tip) still has to operate according to certain norms. Sometimes the trajectory of the pen tip can be revealed by "hairspring", but more often, the movement between these strokes disappears into the air ... A reasonable air running route ensures the convenience and speed of accurate writing. " (Quoted from Qiu Zhenzhong's Analysis and Training of Calligraphy Techniques)