The seven-character quatrain is a genre of traditional Han poetry, referred to as Qijue, and belongs to the category of modern poetry. This poem has four lines, each line has seven words, and has strict metrical requirements in terms of rhyme and adhesion. The poetry style originated from the Yuefu song line of the Southern Dynasty or the Yuefu folk songs of the Northern Dynasty, or can be traced back to the folk songs of the Western Jin Dynasty. It was finalized and matured in the Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Wang Changling's "Two Farewells to Xin Jian at Furong Tower", Li Bai's "Early Departure from Baidi City", Du Fu's "Jiangnan Meets the Year of Li Gui", and Li Shengjiao's "Reflections on Watching the Tide", etc.
The seven-character quatrain is a type of quatrain, referred to as the seven-character quatrain, and its origin is unclear. People in the Ming and Qing Dynasties believed that Qijue originated from Xiao Gang, Yu Shinan or the Four Great Masters, which all refer to Qijue. Although Qijue was indeed dominated by Lüjue in its development process, like the Five Juees, the formation of Gujue preceded Lüjue. Modern scholars at home and abroad generally tend to regard the Yuefu folk songs of the Northern Dynasties as the source of the seven-character ancient masterpiece. Some scholars also believe that the origin of Qiyan Ancient Jue can be traced back to the folk songs of the Western Jin Dynasty. Although mature seven-character songs such as Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing" existed during the Han and Wei dynasties, the earliest complete seven-character and four-sentence style appeared in the ballads of the Western Jin Dynasty. This is the line-by-line rhyme of "Yuzhou Elders Singing for Their Ancestors": "Fortunately, I was saved from being held prisoner, and I met my loving father in the morning. I have forgotten my work and amused myself with preserved wine, so how can I chant, sing, and dance."
In the early Tang Dynasty, seven-character quatrains were not only small in number and narrow in subject matter, but also had little influence in the poetry world. They were also not mature enough artistically. It is often concluded with antitheses, similar to the first half of a rhymed poem), but lacks long-lasting rhyme. The relatively well-known poets in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Shen Quanqi and Song Zhiwen, wrote very good rhythmic poems, but their Qijue skills were average. Entering the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a large number of Qijue poets emerged and made great progress in art, and could keep pace with the Wujue poets. Li Bai, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan, Wang Wei, Jia Zhi, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Chang Jian, etc. were indeed a group of seven unique masters in the poetry world at that time. Representing the highest achievements of Qijue are Li Bai and Wang Changling. Wang Changling took the lead and vigorously created Qijue. The themes of Qijue in his works have been greatly expanded. They include military service, going out to the fortress, nostalgia for the past, farewells, hunting, banquets, worshiping Buddha, advocating Taoism, boudoir thoughts, palace resentments, etc., and they can all be used in Qijue. To express Qi Jue's influence in the poetry world. Li Bai's seven-character quatrains better reflect the typical style of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, there were many poets who were good at Qijue, such as Li Yi and Liu Yuxi, but their basic methods did not break through their predecessors. By the late Tang Dynasty, Qijue had new developments in the hands of Du Mu, Li Shangyin and Wen Tingyun.
The seven-character quatrain can be composed freely because it can be independent of duality; because it is short, the sentences are concise and implicit, and there are many extraneous sounds; because it pays attention to the rhythm, it is cadenced, catchy, and suitable for Chant loudly. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been many famous poems and lines, including chanting history, remembering the past, discussing political affairs, expressing ambitions, complaining about grievances, and talking about friendship. The themes are diverse and wonderful. It is one of the most popular styles of poetry. Poetic Rhythm
Seven-character quatrains are modern poetry with stricter metrical requirements. The first is the fixed length. The whole poem has four sentences, each sentence has seven characters, totaling 28 characters. Secondly, the rhyme is strict, which means that it usually only rhymes with flat tones and cannot rhyme. We also need to pay attention to the rhythm and obliqueness, which means that under normal circumstances, two syllables (two characters) are used as one foot, and the oblique and oblique arrangements are alternately arranged.
According to the ping and qi of the first two characters of the first sentence, seven-character quatrains are divided into two categories: pingqi style and qiqi style. Among them, there are two types of flat-rising styles: first, flat-rising and flat-finishing, with the first sentence rhyming; second, flat-rising and flat-finishing, with the first sentence not rhyming. There are two types of ziqi style: 1. ziqi qifa, the first sentence rhymes; 2. ziqi qifa, the first sentence does not rhyme.
According to the laws of Ping and Ze, there are four standard sentence patterns for seven-character quatrains: 1. Ping Ping Ze Ping Ping Ping (Ping Qi Ping Fa, the last two characters are Ping Ping, called Ping Ping Jiao); 2. Ping Ping Jiao. Ping, Ting, Ping, Ping, (Ping comes from Ping, the last two characters are Ping, so it is called Pingqiao); 3. Ping, Chi, Ping, Chou, Ping (Ping comes from Ping, the last two characters are Ping, called Pingqiao) ); 4. Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping (Ping comes from Ping, the last two characters are Ping Ping, which is called Ping Ping foot). Its flat, oblique and sticky pairs have a certain degree of flexibility, which is the so-called "one, three, five, no matter, two, four and six are clear", but we must also avoid making solitary flat and three flat tunes.
Rhythmic comparison
(1) The first sentence of Pingqi enters the rhyme pattern
Metric comparison example poem: Li Bai's "Early Departure from Baidi City"
Pingping, 廄仄仄 Flat, flat, flat, flat. 廄廄平平廄廄, 平平任仄仄平.
The white emperor's farewell speech is among the colorful clouds. A thousand miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day. The apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains.
(2) The first sentence of Ping does not fit into the rhyme pattern
An example of metrical comparison: Bai Juyi's "Recalling the Rivers and Willows"
Ping Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping. 廄平平廄组平. 廄廄平平廄廄, 平平任仄廄平.
I once planted willows on the south bank of the Yangtze River, saying goodbye to the south of the Yangtze River and enjoying two springs. Recalling the Qingqing River bank, I don’t know who Pan Zhe is.
(3) The first sentence of the oblique line enters the rhyme pattern
Example poem of metrical comparison: Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sends to the North"
Oblique, equal, equal, equal, equal, equal, Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping. Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping.
When you asked about the return date, the autumn pond was filled with rain at night in Bashan. How can I cut off the candles from the west window and talk about the rainy night in Bashan?
(4) The first sentence of 廄 does not fit into the rhyme pattern
Example poem of metrical comparison: Wang Wei's "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th"
廄仄 Flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat. Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping.
Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season. I know from afar that when my brothers climbed to a high place, they planted dogwood everywhere and there was one less person. 1. Sui Palace·Tang Dynasty·Li Shangyin
Chengxing traveled to the south without martial law, and he sent out nine remonstrance letters.
The spring breeze cuts the palace brocade across the country, half as a barrier and half as a sail. 2. Jiling Terrace · Part 1 · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Hu
The sun slants on Jiling Terrace, and the mangrove flowers bloom in the morning dew.
Last night, the emperor handed over a new urn, and Taizhen came into the curtain with a smile. 3. Night Mooring at Maple Bridge · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Ji
The moon is setting, the crows are crying, the sky is full of frost, and the river maple is fishing and the fire is sleeping against melancholy.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rang for the passenger ship. 4. Reminiscing about Shandong brothers on September 9th · Tang Dynasty · Wang Wei
Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season.
I know from afar that when my brothers climb to a high place, there is one less person planting dogwood trees everywhere. 5. Four poems from Journey to Longxi · Part 2 · Tang Dynasty · Chen Tao
I vowed to sweep away the Xiongnu regardless of my own safety, and five thousand mink brocades were lost to Hu Chen.
The poor bones by the Wuding River are like those in a spring boudoir dream! (Spring Boudoir 1: Deep Boudoir) 6. Love · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
A man in a down and out wine shop in the south of the Yangtze River, his waist is slender and his palms are light. (Jiangnan, one work: Jianghu; Slender, one work: Broken Heart)
After ten years of dreaming about Yangzhou, he won the reputation of a brothel. 7. Listening to the flute in Shouxiang City at night · Tang Dynasty · Li Yi
The sand in front of Huile Peak is like snow, and the moon outside Shouxiang City is like frost. (Hui Le Feng's first work: Hui Le Feng)
I don't know where I am playing the reed pipe, and I have to recruit people all night long to visit their hometowns. 8. To Linghu Langzhong · Tang Dynasty · Li Shangyin
Songyun Qin Shu has been away from home for a long time, and the two carps are far away from each other with a piece of paper.
Don’t ask about the old guests in Liangyuan. Maoling is suffering from autumn rain disease. 9. Spring Palace Song · Tang Dynasty · Wang Changling
Last night the wind opened and exposed the peaches on the well, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang.
Pingyang's singing and dancing are newly favored, and the spring cold outside the curtain is bestowed with brocade robes. 10. The recent examination is on Zhang Ji Shuibu / The recent examination is on Zhang Shuibu / The best friend is Zhang Shuibu · Tang Dynasty · Zhu Qingyu
The red candles were lit in the bridal chamber last night, waiting to pay homage to my aunt in front of Xiaotang.
After putting on makeup, I asked her husband in a low voice. 11. Two poems about Liangzhou · One · Tang Dynasty · Wang Han
A luminous cup of grape wine, urge me to drink pipa immediately.
Lord Grim is lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times? 12. When an envoy comes to Beijing · Tang Dynasty · Cen Shen
The road to the east of my hometown is long, and my sleeves are full of tears.
We will meet soon without pen and paper, but I will rely on you to send messages of peace. 13. Boudoir · Tang Dynasty · Wang Changling
The young woman in the boudoir knows no worries, and goes up to the green building with makeup in the spring.
Suddenly I saw the color of willows on the street, and I regretted teaching my husband and son-in-law to find a title. 14. Will go to Wuxing to enjoy the original journey · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
In the Qing Dynasty, there was taste but incompetence, leisurely love, lonely clouds, and quiet love for monks.
If you want to conquer the rivers and seas, you will enjoy traveling in the plains and looking at Zhaoling. 15. In the Year of Li Gui in the South of the Yangtze River · Tang Dynasty · Du Fu
It is common in Prince Qi’s house, and I heard it several times in front of Cui Jiutang.
It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and you will see it again when the flowers are falling. 16. Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower · Tang Dynasty · Wang Changling
Entering Wu in the cold and rainy night, I saw off the guest Chu Shangu in the bright light.
Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a heart filled with ice in a jade pot. 17. Harem Ci · Tang Dynasty · Bai Juyi
The dream is not fulfilled in the turban with tears, and the sound of singing is heard in the front hall late at night.
The beauty is cut off before she gets old, and she sits leaning against the fumigation cage until dawn. 18. Jiling Terrace · Part 2 · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Hu
Mrs. Guo Guo accepted the Lord's favor and rode into the palace gate in Pingming.
But I don’t like the makeup and powder to pollute the color, so I lightly sweep my eyebrows towards the Supreme Being. 19. Gift to Wife · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Hu
The moon has passed by on the trees in the Forbidden Gate Palace, but my charming eyes can only look at the nest of the heron.
The jade hairpin is pulled out at an angle by the lamp shadow, and the red flame is flicked away to save the moths. 20. Jia Sheng · Tang Dynasty · Li Shangyin
The promulgation office sought talents and visited ministers, but Jia Sheng's talent was even more unmatched.
It’s a pity that I sit down at the front table in the middle of the night and don’t ask about the common people or the ghosts and gods. 21. Autumn Eve · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
The cold autumn light of silver candles paints the screen, and the small light fan flutters at the flowing fireflies.
The night is as cool as water on Tianjie, lying down watching Altair and Vega.
(The first work of Heavenly Steps: Tianjie; the first work of lying down and watching: Sit and watch) 22. Zheng Ren Yu/Zheng Yuan·Liu Zhongyong of the Tang Dynasty
Every year the Golden River returns to Yuguan , Chao Chao Ma Ce and sword ring.
In the third spring, the white snow returns to the green tombs, and the thousands of miles of Yellow River circles the Black Mountains. 23. Chang'e · Tang Dynasty · Li Shangyin
The candle shadow on the mica screen is deep, and the long river gradually sets and the dawn stars sink.
Chang'e should regret stealing the elixir, and her heart will be filled with blue sea and blue sky every night. 24. Miscellaneous Poems · Tang Dynasty · Anonymous
Near the cold weather, the rain grass is luxuriant, and the wheat seedlings are covered with wind and the willows reflect the embankment.
The cuckoo will stop singing in my ears until I have found my home. 25. For You · Tang Dynasty · Li Shangyin
For You, the screen of clouds is infinitely charming, even in the cold weather of Fengcheng, I am afraid of the spring night.
Married to a golden son-in-law for no reason, but failed to live up to the promise of early courtship. 26. Chuzhou West Stream · Tang Dynasty · Wei Yingwu
The lonely grass grows beside the stream, and there are orioles singing in the deep trees.
The spring tide brings rain that comes late, and there is no boat crossing the wild river. 27. Farewell · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
Passionate but always ruthless, I can’t laugh in front of the bottle.
The candle bids farewell with intention and sheds tears for others until dawn. 28. Taohua Stream · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Xu
The flying bridge is faintly separated by the wild smoke, and fishing boats are seen on the west bank of Shiji.
The peach blossoms follow the flowing water all day long, wherever the hole is by the clear stream. 29. Moonlight Night · Tang Dynasty · Liu Fangping
The moonlight is darker than half of the house, and the North Dipper is tilted to the south.
Tonight I know that the spring air is warm, and the sound of insects is new through the green window screen. 30. Chibi · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
The broken halberd sinks in the sand, but the iron is not sold, and it will be washed away to recognize the previous dynasty.
Dongfeng refuses to go along with Zhou Lang, and Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply. 31. Send someone · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Mi
Farewell to Meng Yiyi when she arrived at Xie’s house, the small corridor was rounded and sloping.
There is only the moon in the spring court that is sentimental, just like falling flowers for people who have left. 32. Jingu Garden · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
The prosperous things disperse the fragrance and dust, and the flowing water is ruthless and the grass springs from spring.
At dusk, the east wind sings the birds, and the falling flowers look like people who have fallen from a building. 33. Night rain sent to the north · Tang Dynasty · Li Shangyin
When you asked about the return date, the night rain in Bashan filled the autumn pond.
How can I cut off the candles from the west window and talk about the rainy night in Bashan? 34. To Judge Han Chuo of Yangzhou · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
The green mountains are faint and the water is far away, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River has not withered after autumn.
On a moonlit night at the Twenty-Four Bridge, where can a beautiful woman teach me how to play the flute? 35. Maweipo · Tang Dynasty · Zheng Wei
When Xuanzong returned to Ma, Concubine Yang died, and the clouds and rain are unforgettable with the passing of the sun and the moon.
After all, it is the business of the Holy Emperor, so who is Jingyang Palace Well? 36. He Lo Tian Chun Ci · Tang Dynasty · Liu Yuxi
With new makeup, it is appropriate to face the Zhulou, locked in the spring scenery and the sorrow of the courtyard.
Walking to the atrium to count the flowers, dragonflies flew onto the jade and scratched their heads. 37. Inscribed on Jinling Ferry · Tang Dynasty · Zhang Hu
Jinling Ferry is a small mountain tower, and travelers can worry about it for a night.
In the slanting moon on the river at night when the tide is falling, two stars and three stars are shining in Guazhou. 38. Spring Resentment · Tang Dynasty · Liu Fangping
The sunset is getting dusk through the screen window, and no one in the golden house can see the traces of tears.
Spring is late in the lonely empty garden, with pear blossoms all over the ground but no door open. 39. The Resentment of Yao Se · Tang Dynasty · Wen Tingyun
The dream of a bed of ice and silver cannot come true, the blue sky is like water and the clouds are light at night.
The sound of wild geese is far away from Xiaoxiang, and the moon shines brightly on the twelfth floor. 40. Cold Food · Tang Dynasty · Han Hong
Flowers are flying everywhere in the Spring City, and the east wind of Cold Food keeps the willows from falling.
At dusk, candles were passed around the Han Palace, and light smoke dispersed into the house of the Five Marquises. 41. Two poems about returning home · One · Tang Dynasty · He Zhizhang
When a young boy left home and his eldest brother returned home, his local pronunciation remained unchanged and his hair on his temples faded.
Children who don’t recognize each other laugh and ask where the guest is from. 42. Jinling Pictures · Tang Dynasty · Wei Zhuang
Who says that it is impossible to paint a sad picture, but to paint the human heart is like a human being.
You see six pictures of events in the Southern Dynasties. Old trees and cold clouds fill the old city. 43. Yaochi · Tang Dynasty · Li Shangyin
The window of Amu Qi in Yaochi is open, and the singing of yellow bamboo moves the earth in mourning.
The eight horses traveled thirty thousand miles in a day. Why would King Mu not do it again? 44. The Yellow Crane Tower sends Meng Haoran to Guangling · Tang Dynasty · Li Bai
The old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.
The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky. (Wei Tong: Wei) 45. Parking in Qinhuai · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
The smoke cage is cold and the moon is caged in the sand. I parked in Qinhuai at night near a restaurant.
The merchant girl did not know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river. 46. ??Two Farewell Songs · Tang Dynasty · Du Mu
Pingping is more than thirteen years old, and the cardamom leaves are in early February.
The spring breeze is ten miles away on Yangzhou Road, and it is not as good as rolling up the bead curtain.
Passionate but always ruthless, I can't laugh in front of the bottle.
The candle bids farewell with intention and sheds tears for others until dawn. 47. Palace Ci · Tang Dynasty · Gu Kuang
Changle Palace is connected to Yuanchun, and the Jade Tower and Golden Palace are singing new songs.
Once you enter the Junmen, there is no way out, only Gong Ying can see people. 48. Wuyi Alley · Tang Dynasty · Liu Yuxi
There are wild grasses and flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge, and the setting sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley.
In the old days, the king Xietang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people. 49. Gong Ci / Gong Zhongci · Tang Dynasty · Zhu Qingyu
The courtyard gate is closed in the quiet flower time, and the beauties stand side by side in the Qiongxuan.
He wanted to talk about palace affairs with passion, but the parrot in front did not dare to speak. 50. Early Departure from Baidi City / Baidi Goes to Jiangling · Tang Dynasty · Li Bai
Bai Di’s farewell speech among the colorful clouds, a thousand miles to Jiangling is returned in one day.
The apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains. 51. Already Cool · Tang Dynasty · Han Xie
The embroidered curtain hangs from the outside of the blue balcony, and the orangutan blood screen is painted with broken branches.
The eight-foot dragon-bearded square brocade mattress is suitable for use when the weather is not yet cold.