Xie Lingyun was born in Xie's family in Chen County, the grandson of Xie Xuan, a famous Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the son of Xie Cheng, a minister. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was hereditary, and the world praised him. Once served as Fu's marching army, Fu's general's paperwork joined the army, and Qiu's army. After Jin entered the Song Dynasty, Liu was named Hou. He has served as Yongjia magistrate, secretary supervisor and Linchuan literature and history. Finally, in the 10th year of Yuanjia (433), he was appointed as Liu Yilong and Song Wendi. Rebellion? Accused of murder at the age of 49.
Xie Lingyun is studious, well-read and good at writing articles. His poems are as famous as Yan Yanzhi's? Xie Yan? He initiated the school of landscape poetry in the history of China literature. He is also an ordinary historian who is good at calligraphy. He has translated foreign Buddhist scriptures and written The Book of Jin. Le Kang Collection compiled by Ming Metabolism.
Major achievements
literature
Xie Lingyun's poems are as famous as Yan Yanzhi's, and are called? Xie Yan? . The landscape poetry initiated by Xie Lingyun introduced natural beauty into poetry, making landscape an independent aesthetic object. His creation not only changed the poetry from? Pale and tasteless? Hyunri strengthened the artistic skills and expressive force of poetry, and influenced the poetic style of a generation. Bao Zhao's Yuefu poems sang the voices of the poor, and his exploration and innovation in the art of poetry also had a very positive significance. Yang Fang, Li Yong, Yu Yan, Yin Zhongwen and Xie Hun all made certain contributions in the process of the emergence and development of landscape poems. But it was Xie Lingyun who really made great efforts to create landscape poems and had a great influence on them at that time.
Most of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems were written after he became the magistrate of Yongjia. These poems vividly and meticulously describe the natural scenery of Yongjia, Huiji and Lipeng Lake in rich and delicate language. Its main feature is fresh and beautiful, such as "heather? Yan Yanzhi biography:? Yan Zhi asked Bao Zhao whether it was good or bad for himself and his spiritual destiny, and said? Xie is like a fledgling hibiscus, naturally lovely; If your poem is embroidered, it will be full of eyes. ? Besides, Tang Huixiu said? Xie Shi is like a lotus, and his face is like a colored gold? ; Zhong Rong said thank you for your poem? Famous articles and famous sentences start everywhere; Li Dian's new voice, rushing to the meeting? ; Xiao Gang also said that? Thank you for speaking by nature? . On the one hand, with Yan? Embroidered with brocade? 、? Carve an eye? In contrast, Xie Shi seems? Natural? ; On the other hand, when people are tired of reading those? Pale and tasteless? Metaphysical poetry, and when you come into contact with the mountains, water and new sounds in Xie's poems, you will naturally feel fresh and natural. About Xie Shi? Natural? Tang Shi Jiao Ran said in the first volume of Poetic Style "Never mind the first case": Xie Shi's? Natural? Is it different from Li Ling and Su Wu? Heaven and reason, top-down talk, no effect? Naturally, it is also different from Xia Houdun and others? Language and motivation, the situation starts from emotion, not intention, and the spirit is high? Naturally, but? What's more, what's more, what's more, what's more, what's more . So-called? Function? , that is, business arrangements, thinking about exercise. In this way, it can reach nature, which is exactly what Xie Shi won and the key to his new poetic style. Wang Shizhen said: Xie Lingyun's poem? Beautiful but plain, extremely exquisite and more natural, which is beyond my son's reach.
Judging from the history of poetry development, Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties belong to two different stages: Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties inherited Chinese poetry, and the overall poetic style was simple; Poetry in the Southern Dynasties changed its simplicity in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and began to pursue lewdness. This change in poetic art began with the difference between Xie Tao and Xie Tao. Tao Yuanming is a master of metaphysical poetry in Wei and Jin Dynasties, while Xie Lingyun found another way in the Southern Dynasties and created a poetic style.
Before Xie Lingyun, China's poems were mainly freehand brushwork, and the description of objects only occupied a subordinate position. Tao Yuanming is an expert in freehand brushwork. His life is poetic, his feelings are poetic, and writing poetry is just a natural expression. Therefore, he has no intention of imitating mountains and rivers, but only writes about the state of mind that is integrated with the scenery. And Xie Lingyun occupies a major position in his poems. Extreme appearance to write? (Liu Xie, "Wen Xin Diao Long? Ming poetry) and? What a coincidence. (On Zhong Rong's poems) became his main artistic pursuit. He tried his best to capture the objective beauty of landscape scenery, refused to let go of every detail of the purpose, spared no effort to outline and describe it, and tried to reproduce it truly one by one. For example, in Walking into the Lake Mouth of Peng Li, the observation and experience of natural scenery are very detailed, and the description is quite delicate and dynamic? Round? 、 ? Collapse? Mourn under the moon? Green field show? With what? Baiyuntun? The bright colors are all impressive. His poem "Looking at the Lake from Nanshan to Beishan" is more nuanced in the description of landscape.
Xie Lingyun's excellent sentences set an example for later generations, all of which showed superb description skills. Their language is neat and concise, and their realm is fresh and natural, just like vivid pictures, showing people the beauty of nature from different angles. Especially? Changchun grass in the pond? It is also a fresh and natural image and has won the admiration of future generations. Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei and Liu Zongyuan all adopted Xie Lingyun's method.
Different from Tao's poems, Xie's poems do not focus on freehand brushwork, pay attention to the unity of things and me, and show the overall natural beauty, but pay more attention to the description of mountains and rivers, which is often independent of the poet's temperament, so it is difficult for his poems to achieve the realm of blending scenes and integrating. At the same time, from the structural point of view, most of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems are written about travels first, then about experiences, and finally about metaphysics or mourning, just like a travel book, often with a mysterious tail. Such as his famous "climbing the pool upstairs".
But because of the excessive pursuit of novelty, it will inevitably appear? Many words are written, so it is necessary to write them down or make them clear. Disadvantages. A Collection of Poems by Wang Qing Han Shi? Xie Shizhen's tired sentence once accused Xie Shizhong? Not syntax? 、? Clumsy and strong? 、? Dead? There are more than 50. Although inevitable, some of them are realistic. However, in spite of this, Xie Lingyun's poems are just as Zhong Rong said: like a shrub pulled by a pine tree, the dust and sand reflected by white jade are not enough to belittle its nobility. ? Xie Lingyun's poems not only caused a sensation at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on later generations. What's Tang Shi's reputation? Sun and Moon in Poetry? ,? From coquettish to Wei and Jin Dynasties? Xie Lingyun made outstanding contributions to the creation and development of landscape poetry.
The change of poetic style from Tao Yuanming to Xie Lingyun reflects the evolution of poetic style of two generations. If Tao Yuanming is a master of ending a generation of poetic style, then Xie Lingyun is the initiator of opening a new generation of poetic style. In the process of Xie Lingyun's vigorous creation of landscape poems, in order to adapt to the new theme content and new expression of aesthetic interest, there appeared? Love must be extremely beautiful to write something, and words must be completely new? And then what? Temperament fades, melody opens? New features of. This new feature is an innovative phenomenon in the development of landscape poetry. This new function has become? Poetry off? This key factor profoundly influenced the poetic style of the Southern Dynasties and became the mainstream of the poetic style of the Southern Dynasties. Moreover, this poetic style has a very positive significance to the formation of poetic style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Kasper?'s poems about Lingyun and Landscape have become an independent theme in the Southern Dynasties, and they are flourishing day by day.
calligraphy
Xie Lingyun was good at books such as Li, Xing and Cao, and enjoyed a high reputation at that time. According to Song Shuchuan:? Soul poems and books are unique, and each one is actually handwritten. What does Wendi call it? Bauer? . ? Of course, some people disagree, such as Nanqi Wang Sengqian's On Books. Song Wendi's book, since the cloud can be compared with Wang Zijing, when the commentator cloud:? Nature is better than Yang Xin, and kung fu is less than Xin. Xie lingyun is neither fish nor fowl, and he has also entered the stream when he meets. ?
Xie Lingyun's achievements in calligraphy were not only highly praised by Song Wendi, who loved calligraphy before his death, but also affirmed by calligraphy theorists hundreds of years after his death. In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yanyuan listed Xie Lingyun's calligraphy as? Can the beauty of calligraphy enter the product stream? .
Regarding the characteristics of Xie Lingyun's calligraphy art, Zhang Huaiguan's "Broken in the Book of the Tang Dynasty" comments:? Mo Wang is beautiful, and the grass is beautiful. Stone color is a thousand years old, and it is a hundred feet lower. Although I didn't catch the teacher, it is also a minority that I can spit clouds in the wind and sway Sichuan and Vietnam. ? But his calligraphy works can't be seen today. The relevant records in Zhang Yanyuan's Fa Shu are helpful for us to understand Xie Lingyun's calligraphy style. Goodbye, thanks three times, thanks twice. If the husband is Xiao Wang, his bones look good and his spirit is good. Be quick and easy, be dignified and exclusive. Rocky flying, electric spray Lei Zhen. ? The Book of Dharma to Record places special emphasis on records. Can the beauty of calligraphy enter the product stream? Author Zhang yanyuan? Who have I seen before and after? And then what? Are those invisible, those living in empty places, those handed down to the world and those who dare not rely on them all a little? . This shows that Xie Lingyun's original calligraphy still exists in the Tang Dynasty.
Will Tao comment on it in Shangshu Zong Yi? Bo always reads a lot of books, learns Wang Xianzhi's True Grass and makes it wonderful. Or "sacrifice" is also good luck, so its method is ok. ? Cursive writing is especially popular. Some commentators say that if the stone color is loose and dry, blowing clouds and swaying Sichuan and Guangdong, you can see Qing Xiong. But Xiao Re scattered its charm, afraid of its endless, and unrestrained. ?
draw
What is the theme of Xie Lingyun's painting? Bodhisattva? Moreover, his mural "Bodhisattva" escaped the disaster of destroying Buddha in the late Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that there are a considerable number of bodhisattva works painted by Xie Lingyun before his death, which should have their own style in art, so the painting circle thinks that Xie Lingyun's paintings have a place like other famous artists in the Six Dynasties. Are Gu Baoguang and Qian Yuan's teacher Lu Tanwei good? Character? Name; Thank you? Scenery? , Xie Lingyun? Buddha statue? , thank you? Filial children? Such as the story map, it is also unique. ? This shows that Xie Lingyun is? Buddha statue? Class creation is very famous in painting.
collect books
Xie Lingyun recorded the secret cabinet book 14582, and the Buddhist scriptures were 438 volumes, divided into 645 volumes. It is richer than the Four Bibliography of Jin and Yuan compiled by Li Chong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Xie Lingyun is studious, well-read and good at writing articles. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (43 1), he took office as secretary supervisor and began to lead people to sort out the secret books and make up the old ones. With the assistance of catalogers such as Yin Chun, the Four Catalogues of Secret Pavilion was compiled in the winter of the eighth year of Yuanjia (43 1).
Anecdotal allusions
Be endowed with great/extraordinary talents
According to Night Boat, Xie Lingyun once boasted while drinking. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there have been literary talents in the world (a unit of capacity, one stone equals ten buckets), among which Cao Zijian (that is, Cao Zhi) has eight buckets and I have one bucket. Since ancient times, others have shared a fight. ? [16] means that the talent of everyone in the world is not in his eyes, and only Cao is outstanding, which can make him sincerely impressed.
Be killed by a ghost
In the fifth year of Yuanjia (428), Xie Lingyun suddenly saw the dead Xie Hui sitting on another bed, holding his head in his hand, and his blood kept flowing, which was terrible. Later, he found that his suitcase full of mink robes was full of blood. Later, when Xie Lingyun was the chief of Linchuan County, there was a big bug in his rice. Soon he was killed.
Poetry? Selected Poems of Xie Lingyun: Yue and Xing
I used to be in Laozi, and I made it into an article. The column is slightly inclined, and the spring is short.
Birds roam, and Lin Tan is idle. It's not easy to have a meal in prison.
Hu Wei is a good boy and Fiona Fang is a deskmate. I'm worried about my ambition and I'm afraid of my garden.
Good songs are sung by chanting, and the words are organized into articles.
A banquet was held in Xichi on March 3rd.
You can't help it if you look carefully. Speaking of cloud birds, it is said that saints are heaven.
On the orders of Yu, Zhou attacked the merchants. Jiang Yong, the emperor only wants to do it as soon as possible.
Qing is late spring, and things are fragrant. Starting from the week, the temple.
Prepare for the ceremony and enjoy the dinner.
Yue fu shan zai hang
Yanggu jumps and Yuyuan falls. Jing Yao is in the east corner, and it is very thin in the west at night.
Give in three spring, and be bleak in nine autumn. Cold comes to warm up, and cold goes to summer.
Judeyi is good at joking. Irrigate the yang plexus in shade, and the calyx will wither.
It is easy to suffer when you are happy, but it is difficult when you are sad. When applause is a song, you should drink.
A fool is contemptible, and he is sad. Be kind to tuas, and entertain yourself by talking.
A gift from Brother Hongyuan who lives in Beijing to Zhong Jungong Cao.
At home, Zhao has his own ginger. It is the ultimate birth of spirit, and the origin is auspiciousness.
It's amazing. Time has passed. Master Mai, YUNDI Fang Qing.
I've heard of Rankin before, singing beautiful songs. I used to be a friend and a follower, which is in line with my temperament.
I can't hide anything against my will. The field is the homework of the mind and the life entrusted to me.
Vihan Kongwu, stop tomorrow. I asked Mr. Temminick to be my valet.
It is said that you are harmonious, and it is a discipline to give something to others. Death will leave me and my words will be contemptuous.
Be generous, have team spirit and have fun. It lasted for several years, with repeated cold and heat.
Meet in secret and build roads together. What clouds are different, so is Ji Xiang.
A son is just a life, and money stays away from it. Good times are hard, but light is easy to invade.
People's feelings, macro view of the heart. Break up with Zhu and listen to Shu.
A gift from brother Hongyuan
There are bright spring scenery and rich fragrance. Yang Gao, clarify Linxi.
Burning my show, the beauty and harmony of the emblem. Reputation must be virtuous, and ambition must be based on industry.
Rest the phoenix in the forest and raise the dragon in the spring. It's a fake Yun Xiang Day.
The taste has changed, and Taiwan Province made it very clear. It is said that during the Qi Dynasty, Yu went to an embassy.
Yesterday, my colleague said that we should sign together. Without me, we will get together and leave.
I'm going to the north. I'm going to Tengnan. Shen Fei is a good boy, crying.
Myanmar is a witch, and the river is raging. Three thousand is mighty, and it's really hard to serve.
Imagine micro-scene, sound delay. Because of the clouds, the wind sighs.
At the banquet in the bedroom, it means to be thin. A few days after the divorce, the festival will be harvested.
Meditate on first frost, then pregnant with the scenery. Humanitarian considerations, early depression.
Audio-visual is easy, but it is difficult to use. If it goes against the truth, who will roll it?
Yanzi repents, but he is good at biochemistry. Although ashamed, it is not far away.
If you are sincere all your life, it will take a long time to turn around. The police looked at each other while waiting for the wind.
Geancheng
Last generation, the emblem was from. Among my sons, I was born a handsome Zong Hua.
Farming Dicky, because of his intelligence and physical strength. Whispering is a reward, gentleness is a kind of respect.
Who is rank, the guest name is rich. The secret mountain is full of hair, and thousands of miles know the virtuous.
Kiss the wings and kill the DPRK, Han Fan. With a career, Shu asked Yu Xuan.
The scene rang and there was a figurative sound. At first, we were of the same ancestry, but in the end we made friends.
Tang Di is a close friend, and he is a good friend. A few years in Myanmar, a lifetime.
The Ming Dynasty was simple in administration and full of pity. Use Yan and follow my example.
Jiang is forever, and service is also south. Say goodbye and fly to the wind.
A few days after waving, I was embarrassed and pushed back. The picture of youth is the trace of autumn.
When I was fishing, I fell in love with this split. I have worked hard for a long time and I am really blessed.
Before, I was in the first place, and I fell in love with it. Also known as the leopard, reconcile Wei Xian.
Quiet and silent, fair and just. Qin Long has made achievements, and he is willing to speak out.
You can't catch handsome guys, but you can't draw them. Three provinces are rotten, and then they are stained with Qingyun.
I am ashamed of Xiao, but I am just dust. Will wipe the old brown, empty.
Your suggestion is bright, and your suggestion is in the text.
Appreciation consultation
Yuheng drives fast and flies in four quarters. Running to the west, running to the interpretation of waves.
Huaying began to play, and the leaves were thin. I am disappointed, but my heart is against it.
Sue went from Vole to Zhou. Feel the touch of the wind and think about my good field.
If there is no one, don't be the enemy. What is Yan 'an, eager to keep fit.
Feel the past, it is far away from the west. At work, I dare not tell you often.
I'm a colleague, too. Ordinary and fragmented, busy arm to solve disputes.
When mandarin fish sings in the shade, it will emerge from its seclusion. It's easy to play because of the wind.
The winding cloud pavilion is the code name of the emperor. Wei's legacy, such as jade, seems to be washed.
Qi Zhongshan is a good friend and has respected him for a long time. Self-determination, once satisfied.
Yu Muxie produced harmony. There are words that belong to the ears, and there are also words that are chanting.
Weakness is lucky, every day. He Rong was in the west field, and he suddenly took off his belt.
Cut off the previous knowledge and let nature take its course. People are afraid of what harm the meeting will do.
Scratch your head as soon as possible. Look at the clouds and sigh, thinking about the wind.
Good wishes are easily broken, but good music is hard to satisfy. I have no clothes, who is cold and warm.
The ancients were good at keeping in good health and feared fame. The governor's life is expensive, and he is full of fragrance.
The gift of nine words is actually unknown. The sound may be heavy, but it may also be light.