Bozhou ancient tunnel was built in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It was specially built by Wei Wudi and Cao Cao for military needs. Because its original purpose is to transport soldiers, it is also called Cao Cao's road of transporting soldiers, with a history of 1800 years.
Cao Cao was born in Guo Peiqiao County (now Bozhou City) in the first year of Han Yongshou (A.D. 155).
An outstanding politician, strategist and writer in the Han and Wei Dynasties.
Cao Cao spent his youth in his hometown. He didn't leave his hometown until he was recommended as Lian Xiao at the age of 20 and went to Luoyang as commander in chief of the north. After he became an official, he returned to his hometown seven times.
This has left many cultural relics and historic sites for us in Bozhou.
Let's look at this drawing board. These are the remains of Cao Cao in his hometown, including Wei Wu's hometown, Qiaoling Temple, Guanjiatai, Malu Wall, Yinmakeng, Bajiaotai, Cao Nan Temple and Beicao Temple.
The best preserved of these monuments is the ancient tunnel where we are now.
Now let's look at the distribution map of ancient tunnels. Bozhou ancient tunnel takes Dajiaotou as the center, and extends along Laosimen Street in the form of a cross to Simen, which can reach Simen respectively.
With a total length of more than 6,000 meters, it is known as the "Underground Great Wall".
It is currently 700 meters open.
Please look at the structure and facilities map of the ancient tunnel with me. When Cao Cao built the ancient tunnel, he was limited by manpower, material resources and time. Civil structure is the main structure, that is, the wooden roof of dirt road. After many repairs and improvements, it gradually evolved into brick-wood structure, brick-soil structure and all-brick structure.
There are four lanes in the tunnel: one-way, parallel two-way, circulating lane, up-and-down lane, as well as military facilities such as ventilation holes, cat ear holes, lamp niches, tripping boards and obstacle tickets.
We can see all this after we go down, and we will explain it to you in detail in the form of physical objects.
The drawing board here is a cultural relic unearthed in the tunnel. Precious cultural relics have been unearthed in the ancient road, such as crossbow machines, arrow clusters, projectiles, medals, Go, five baht money and so on.
It's all in the museum now.
Please follow me to visit the tunnel. Please watch the steps.
The hall where we are now is built in the later period, and the one-way street inside is the original one.
This pair of couplets: "The Great Wall of Wan Li is a big country, the country is forever solid, and the military transport tunnel is stronger." Bozhou scholar Wang Wenming wrote an article and Fuyang calligrapher Liu Jicheng wrote a book.
We are walking a one-way street, which is only 70 centimeters wide and can only accommodate a column of soldiers.
This is an unpaved parallel two-lane highway. It's two one-way streets that are two to three meters apart and extend in the same direction. This can be parallel or retrograde, which can speed up the travel.
This is an obstacle ticket. It is a way to suddenly lower the height of the ticket top, so that strangers who are not familiar with the environment are blocked here, because it used to be illuminated by oil lamps and the light was dim. Cao Cao's own soldiers are familiar with the environment, mainly defending against outsiders.
The height of one-way street is generally maintained at about 1.7- 1.8 meters, which shows that people's height was not too high at that time. The reason why the ancients were two feet tall was because of the error caused by the small ruler at that time.
This is the front ventilation hole, which is used to ensure the air circulation in the tunnel and can also be used as a temporary entrance and exit if necessary.