Yang Xiu, courtesy name Dezu, was born in Hongnong Huayin (now Huayindong, Shaanxi). He was born in 175 AD and died in 219 AD. He was forty-four years old at the time of his death. . Yang's family is a famous family in the Han Dynasty. His ancestor Yang Xi was a meritorious figure during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and was granted the title of Marquis of Chiquan. The great ancestor Yang Zhen, the great ancestor Yang Bing, the ancestor Yang Ci, and the father Yang Biao four successively held the positions of Sikong, Situ, and Taiwei. They were as famous as the Yuan family in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" says: "From Zhen to Biao, he was the fourth Taiwei, and his virtues and careers were successively achieved. Together with the Yuan family, he became a famous family in Tokyo." The Yang family also has a long history of family learning. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" records that Yang Zhen's father "studied Ouyang Shangshu. In the era of mourning and peace, he lived in seclusion and taught", while Yang Zhen "was rarely eager to learn, and was educated by "Ouyang Shangshu". When Huan Yu was in Taichang, he read extensively about the Ming Dynasty and studied all of them. Confucian scholars said: "Confucius Yang Boqi from Guanxi. "He often lives in the lake and does not answer the orders of the state and county for decades..." Zhenzi Yang Bing "Bingzhujie, rarely passed down his father's business, and also Ming Dynasty "Jingshi Yi", Botong book biography, often lived in seclusion as a professor... Emperor Huan After ascending the throne, he was recruited into the Ming Dynasty's "Shangshu" to persuade..." Bingzi Yangci "... rarely passed down family knowledge, and was dedicated to learning and learning. He often retreated into hiding and taught disciples... At the beginning of Jianning, Emperor Ling should be educated. , Zhao Taifu and Sangong selected those who had the same name as Huan Jun in "Shangshu", the Sangong gave it to him, and he served as a lecturer in the Huaguang Hall...", and gave it to his son Yang Biao, "...the young man passed down his family knowledge...Xi In ordinary times, I studied the old news extensively and went to the public car to pay homage to Yilang..." It is because of the Yang family that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the reputation for talent and learning was almost as good as that of the Kong family, but the official rank was more prominent.
Yang Xiu was quite famous at that time because of his family background and intelligence. (Note: It is often said that "Yang Xiu was nine years old and very intelligent" in "Shishuo Xinyu". Kong Junping met his father, but he was not here. Yang Xiu set it up for Junping. There are bayberries, and Junping shows cultivation: This is the fruit of Jun's family. Echo. The answer is: I have never heard that peacocks are the Master’s poultry.” Yang Xiu in one article mistakenly refers to Yang Xiu, but it is not true. The record in "Qi Yan Lu" clearly states that this Yang Xiu is "Jin Yang Xiu", and Kong Junping is also the same. Jin people, things are quite clear, so the two Yang Xiu are not the same person). In Jian'an, he was promoted to be filial and honest. In addition to being a doctor, he was also appointed as the chief secretary of the Prime Minister's Mansion. "Three Kingdoms" says, "At that time, the military and the country were troubled. General Xiu knew both the outside and the inside, and everything was satisfactory." Later, he was executed by Cao Cao in the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an (Yang Xiu's tomb is now near Hewan Village at the foot of Huashan Mountain. The only remaining The tombstone is erected on the site of the Great Wall of Wei in the southwest of the village). Cao Cao also died about three months after Yang Xiu's death.
According to the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Yang Xiu died because he "relyed on his talent and let the Kuang go", and was jealous of his talent by Cao Cao, so he was killed on the excuse of being "a useless person" for Cao Cao during the conquest of Hanzhong. In fact, otherwise, Yang Xiu did not die in Hanzhong in history, and Yang Xiu's death was more due to political reasons, not just because of his talent.
First of all, let's talk about where Yang Xiu died and whether Cao Cao killed him in Hanzhong because of his "tasteless" incident. The so-called "chicken ribs" do exist. They can be found in the appendices of Yang Biao and Yang Xiu in "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "The Biography of Yang Zhen". The meaning is the same but the words are slightly different. The full text in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" is as follows: "Xiuzi De" Ancestor, who was eager to learn and talented, was the chief official of the Prime Minister Cao Cao, and served the Cao family. He wanted to attack Liu Bei but was unable to advance, and it was difficult to defend the army. Wei Cao said: "Chicken ribs". Mo Nengxiao, Xiu Du said: "If you eat chicken ribs, you will get nothing. If you discard them, it will be a pity. I will make a decision." "I ordered Waibai to be a little more strict, and I will return to my master here. There are many tricks like this in Xiu. Xiu also tried to go out, and when I was preparing for Cao Cao, I asked about foreign affairs, so I responded and ordered to guard the house: "If there is an order, , pass them in turn. "It turned out to be true. The third one was to blame his speed, make him honest, know the situation, and avoid repairing it. In addition, Yuan Shu's nephew was worried about being a trouble in the future, so he killed him for some reason. Repair the poems, odes, steles, etc. "Fifteen chapters of praises, poems, laments, expressions, notes, and letters." The article does not say that Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu because of the "tasteless" incident, especially the sentence "There are many such cases among Xiu's battles" at the end, which shows that This incident is just an example. When talking about Yang Xiu's death, it only says "kill him for reasons." Then this matter can have many "things", and it is not necessarily a "tasteless" thing. According to Pei's notes in "Three Kingdoms" and "Cao Zhi's Biography": "In the autumn of the 24th year, Gong Xiu leaked his teachings before and after, and handed over to the princes, so he was killed. ... After Xiu's death, Taizu passed away more than a hundred days later." , it is clearly stated that Yang Xiu died in the autumn of the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an. After further checking "Three Kingdoms" and "Wudi Ji", we learned that Cao Cao's activities in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an were as follows: "In the first month of the spring of the twenty-fourth year, Ren Tu Wan, beheaded Sound. Xia Houyuan fought with Liu Bei in Yangping and was killed by Bei.
In the third month, the king left Xiegu from Chang'an, and the army covered the area to approach Hanzhong, then arrived at Yangping. Be prepared to refuse to defend due to danger. In the fifth month of summer, we led the army back to Chang'an. In the seventh month of autumn, I made my wife Bian the queen. He was sent to Jin to help Cao Ren attack Guan Yu. In August, the Han River overflowed and flooded the imperial army. The army was destroyed and Yu was banned, so he besieged Ren. Let Xu Huang rescue him. In the ninth month, Prime Minister Zhong Yao sat in the west, Cao Yu, Wei Xi, and was dismissed. In the tenth month of winter, the army returned to Luoyang. Sun Quan sent an envoy to write a letter to ask Guan Yu to take effect. The king marched south from Luoyang to conquer Yu. Before he arrived, he attacked Yu and defeated him. Yu fled and Ren surrounded him. Wang Jun Mobei. In the first month of spring in the twenty-fifth year, I arrived in Luoyang. Quan struck and cut off the feather, passing its head. Gengzi, the king died in Luoyang at the age of sixty-six." According to the record here, Cao Cao marched into Hanzhong in March and returned to Chang'an in "Xia May". In August and September, he went south from Luoyang to rescue Cao Ren and arrived at Mobei. Since Yang Xiu died in the autumn of the 24th year, and Cao Cao died more than a hundred days after his death, Cao Cao died in the first month of the 25th year. Gengzi day, so Yang Xiu should have died in September of the 24th year of Cao Cao's rescue of Cao Ren, no more than "winter tenth month". Therefore, Yang Xiu should not have died in Hanzhong because of the "chicken rib" incident. After Yang Xiu's death, Cao Cao once wrote a letter to Yang Biao to express his condolences: "Cao Cao and his subordinates share the same righteousness at home and abroad. Although China is at peace, there are no barbarians outside the country. Now the army is engaged in large-scale campaigns and the people are harassed. I make the sound of bells and drums, and the master should keep the record, but the virtuous sons under my feet, relying on the power of their powerful father, do not share my feelings. He wanted to straighten the rope, but Gu Po hated it. It was said that it could be changed, so it became relaxed and comfortable. If he forgives the loan again, he will be punished if his subordinates are very tired. It is not necessarily unfortunate that I miss you and mourn your father's death together. I would like to present to you two Jinqiu collars, an eight-section silver horn peach staff, three green felt mattresses, five hundred pieces of official silk, six hundred thousand money, a painting wheel with four views, a seven-scented chariot, and a green cow. Two heads, one eight-hundred-mile horse, ten pairs of red rong gold saddles and bridles, and a bell bud, drove the two people, and left behind a noble family with a colorful Luohu fur collar. Weave it into a piece of Hua, and there are two people in Qingyi who are willing to serve it. Although the gift is small, it is to express my intention. I will accept it with ease at the first step and will not have to go back and forth. "The book contains "Today's military campaign is huge and the people are harassing them. The sentence "I made the sound of bells and drums, the master should keep it" indicates that Yang Xiu died in the military, so we can be sure that Yang Xiu died in Cao Cao's "Jun Mo Bei" army when he conquered Guan Yu.
The crime of Yang Xiu's death is now unknown, but the cause of his death is relatively complicated, and the main reason is due to two major political factors.
First, Yang Xiu violated one of the ancient royal rights. The big taboo in the dispute was that they participated in the battle for the right to inherit the throne.
Secondly, Yang Biao and Yang Xiu’s identities and political views conflicted with the interests of the Cao Wei regime. Mrs. Yang Biao was the daughter of Yuan Shu. Xiu was Yuan Shu's nephew, and both Yang Biao and Yang Xiu had the same political views as Kong Rong, Mi Heng and other Qing Dynasty restorationists, so they were jealous of Yang Xiu when he first became prime minister. , it should be said that he is relatively trusted by Cao Cao. "Three Kingdoms" and "Cao Zhi's Biography" say: "In the twenty-fifth year of Xiu, he was named as a talented son and was favored by Taizu." It also said, "At that time, the military and the country were troubled. Xiu always knows the outside and the inside, and everything goes as he wishes. Since the crown prince of Wei has descended, he has strived to make good friends with him." Looking at these two paragraphs, two problems are explained. First, Yang Xiu is outstanding in talent, so he appointed Cao Cao as the chief minister who "generally knows the outside and the inside", and "Everything goes well." In this way, Cao Cao should have valued and trusted him at this time, otherwise, he would not have given this position to him. Secondly, since the prince of Wei has resigned, he has fought for it. It can be seen from the sentence "make good friends" that even Wei Crown Prince Cao Pi wanted to curry favor with him at that time, and the words "merger" and "struggle" in it also show that many people were currying favor with him, not just the prince. We can imagine the importance of his position at that time. On the other hand, this can prove that Yang Xiu should be a government official whom Cao Cao trusted and relied on at this time, and the relationship was relatively close, otherwise there would be no reason for the situation of "since the prince of Wei has already come down, and fighting for friendship with him"
At that time, Cao Cao was quite hesitant about which of the two, Cao Pi or Cao Zhi, would be the crown prince to succeed the King of Wei.
Cao Zhi, named Zijian, was talented and famous in the history of our country. Although Cao Pi's writings are also impressive, in terms of literary talent, he is better at writing letters, and his attainments in poetry are still far behind his younger brother Cao Zhi. Therefore, as a military collector in the Three Kingdoms period who has excellent literary talent Cao Cao, who was known as a writer, politician, poet, etc., may have begun to prefer Cao Zhi in his heart, because Cao Cao had the wild and unruly temperament of a poet. Pei Songzhi quoted from "The Biography of Cao Man": "Taizu was a man of no dignity. He was good at music and advocated excellence. He often spent the day with the sun.
He is dressed in light gauze and wears a small pouch to hold handkerchiefs and fine things. Sometimes he wears a hat to see guests. Every time he talked to others, joked and recited, he kept everything hidden, and laughed happily, until his head was not in the cup, and the food and dishes were all stained on the towel, how easy it was." Cao Zhi was quite like his father, " "The Biography of Cao Zhi" said that he was "simple in nature and not dignified in manners." "The horses and horses are not dressed in fancy clothes." He also said that he was good at composition since he was a child. "When he was more than ten years old, he read hundreds of thousands of poems, treatises and poems, and was good at writing. Taizu read the article and said to Zhi: "You are an evil person?" Zhi knelt down and said: "What you say is an argument, and what you write is a chapter. You are an interviewer. How can you be a good person?" At that time, Tongjuetai New City in Ye, Taizu He then put all the disciples on the stage and gave them their gifts. The establishment of the Zhiyuan pen is impressive, which is very different from Taizu. Every time he came in and asked questions, he answered the question." Therefore, Cao Cao was "especially fond of him." The biography records that "(Cao) Zhi was distinguished by his talent, and Ding Yi, Ding Xian, Yang Xiu, etc. became his wings. Taizu was suspicious, "there are only a few who are close to being crown princes." In other words, Cao Zhi almost became crown prince several times. Among them, Ding Yi, Ding Xi, Yang Xiu and others, who were the backbone of Cao Zhi's think tank group, played a big role. It's just that brothers Ding Yi and Ding Ai had a personal grudge with Cao Pi. The cause of the incident was that Cao Cao felt that Ding Yi's father persuaded him to welcome the Han Dynasty and Xiandi, so he wanted to marry his daughter to Ding Yi. However, Cao Pi dissuaded him and said Ding Yi's Due to bad eyesight, Ding Yi did not marry Princess Wei, so the Ding brothers began to strongly support Cao Zhi in seizing the legitimate son (1). As a close confidant of Cao Cao, Yang Xiu must be the target of competition between Cao Zhi and Cao Pi. As a world-famous talent, Cao Zhi might be more attracted to Yang Xiu. At this time, Cao Zhi was "specially favored" and took the initiative to show his favor, so Yang Xiu followed the trend and joined Cao Zhi's side to participate in this cruel battle for the throne. (2).
However, although Cao Zhi is superior in literary talent, Cao Pi should be superior in political and military talents, and the composition of the think tanks around them is also different. , Cao Pi's think tanks are Sima Yi, Chen Qun, Wu Zhi, and Zhu Shuo. "Book of Jin" says that these four people are known as the four friends around Cao Pi. Among these four people, Sima Yi and Chen Qun should be recognized as the political talents and strategies. The best choice among counselors and ministers of the Han and Wei dynasties, Wu Zhi was profound in scheming and talented in literature. There is no record of Zhu Shuo, but his official position was that of the leader of the army, which is equivalent to the current position of political commissar. He should not be a good match. And Cao Zhi's think tanks are all scribes, with little political and military experience, far less sophisticated than Sima Yi, Chen Qun, Wu Zhi and others, so they are naturally inferior in "Three Kingdoms" and "Cao Zhi". In Pei's Notes to "The Biography", there is a record that Yang Xiu, who was known as "talented", and Wu Zhi, who was only the leader of Chaoge at the time, were defeated in a battle of wits. This directly led to Cao Cao's doubts about Cao Zhi's character: "Xiu In the twenty-fifth year of the year, he was named as a talented young master and was favored by Taizu. He and his brother Ding Yi both wanted to have Zhi as their heir. The prince was troubled by this, so he used the chariot to carry the discarded jade, and Wu Zhi, the chief song officer of the inner dynasty, planned with him. The practice of Bai Taizu failed to prove it. The prince was afraid and complained, saying: "What's the trouble? Tomorrow, I will use the silk chariot to confuse him again. If he repairs it, he will repeat it again. If he repeats it, he will push it away. If it is not tested, he will suffer." The prince followed. "The fruit of Xiu is white, but there is no one, so Taizu is suspicious." There is a cloud in the art of war. If you know yourself and the enemy, you will not be in danger in a hundred battles. Wu Zhi can be said to know himself and the enemy. Yang Xiu deserves his reputation for talent, but it is a pity that he is not as sophisticated as Wu Zhi. What he thinks and does is predicted by him. , so he was plotted, and his master Cao Zhi was also suspected. It was really hard to tell. The other explanation is that Cao Cao added the word "Huo" in the newly built garden gate because it was too broad, and Cao Cao wrote "Yihesu". The explanation is that one person has a bite of cake, and the eight characters of Cai Yong's inscription on Cao E's stele "Yellow Silk Young Woman, Grandson Junjiu" written by Handan Chun are "excellent and good words", etc. (3), these can only explain Yang Xiu's Smart, but it can only be said to be a little smart. It can even be said that he is good at guessing word riddles. He and the Ding brothers have not made any political or military achievements. After that, Cao Pi was extremely talented in literature. Well, he was really no match for him, and he was quite anxious, so much so that he "lost himself in despair". Wu Zhi once again reversed the situation, causing Cao Cao to have opinions about Cao Zhi again: "When the king of Wei went on an expedition, his son and Linyi Hou Zhi were sent away together. roadside. Zhi praised his merits and virtues, spoke in a well-organized manner, and the left and right sides belonged to his eyes, and the king was delighted. The prince was disappointed, and Wu Zhi'er said: "The king should do it, and it's okay to shed tears." When he said his words, the prince cried and bowed, and the king and his left and right people were speechless, so they all used rhetoric to express their words, but they were not sincere." (4), Wu Zhi can be said to be considerate, and this skill is much more practical than Yang Xiu's puzzle solving skill.
Thus, under the planning of his four friends, Cao Pi gradually gained the upper hand in the battle for the right to inherit the throne. Upside.
At the same time, he launched a public relations offensive in a timely manner to shape his own image. "Emperor Wen used his skills to control him, pretended to be pretentious, and (Cao Cao's) palace officials controlled him and spoke for him" (5). At the same time, he won over Cao Cao's important adviser Jia Xu and others, coupled with the frequent outbursts of the poet's wild style in Cao Zhi, "Zhi acts willfully, does not encourage himself, and drinks alcohol without restraint" (6), Cao Zhi began to gradually fall out of favor. Another big event happened at this time, that is, Cao Zhi was running in the middle of the road in Yecheng, the capital of Wei State. Chi Dao was Cao Cao's exclusive road as the king of Wei. By doing this, Cao Zhi could be said to have regarded himself as the king of Wei. Therefore, Cao Cao was furious, and the result was that he was ordered to sit on the bus and die. This is to impose restrictions on the princes, and Zhi favors the sun. decline” (7). The most important role in Cao Pi becoming the crown prince was the words of Cao Cao's counselor Jia Xu. "Three Kingdoms" and "Jia Xu" say: "At that time, Emperor Wen was the general with five sense organs, and Linshan Hou Zhi was famous, and each had his own party and party. There was a proposal to seize the clan. Emperor Wen sent people to ask Xu about the art of self-improvement, and Xu said: "I hope the general will continue to respect virtue and devote himself to the work of a scholar, working day and night, and not violating the principles of his son. That's all. " Emperor Wen followed this and worked hard on himself. Taizu also tried to exclude the left and right and asked Xu, but it was wrong. Taizu said: "Why don't you answer your words? "Xu said: "It's appropriate to think about it, so it's not right. Taizu said: "What do you think?" Xu said: "Thinking of Yuan Benchu, Liu Jingsheng and his son." "Taizu laughed, so the prince decided." From this we can know that although Cao Cao has the temperament of a poet, he is first and foremost a politician. Jia Xu allowed him to see the pros and cons and lessons learned in that era when it came to abolishing the elder and establishing the younger generation. For him, it was important to maintain his power after his death. Stability and longevity come first, and everything else can give way, including your own personal likes and dislikes. Among the evaluations of his strengths by Guo Jia, Xun Yu and others were "good judgment", so he immediately made a decision and made Cao Pi the Crown Prince of Wei in the 22nd year of Jian'an. After Cao Zhi fell out of favor, Yang Xiu deliberately alienated Cao Zhi. However, because Cao Zhi was Cao Cao's son after all, he did not dare to be too obvious and maintained a certain density of contacts. From this we can also see that he is relatively lacking in political adaptability.
However, after Cao Cao dealt with the issue of establishing an heir, he immediately started from a political perspective and considered that the consequences of Cao Zhi and Cao Pi's heir struggle should not be underestimated, because they were surrounded by a group of counselors, and Cao Cao knew very well that Because of his strength as a counselor, in the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an, Lieutenant General Yang Xiu who was rescuing Cao Ren was probably beheaded on any charge. "Three Kingdoms" says this: "Taizu was concerned about the changes in the end and the beginning, and thought that Yang Xiu was quite talented, and he was also the nephew of the Yuan family, so he punished Xiu."
Here, the "final change" is mentioned first, and Yang Xiu is "talented" and "Yuan's nephew", so he was killed. It can be seen that in addition to being killed because of his participation in the seizure of the legitimate son, Yang Xiu was also killed because he was "talented" and "nephew of the Yuan family".
But Cao Cao will not be beheaded just because he has talent. Under Cao Cao, there are countless advisers and capable ministers like carps crossing the river. Jia Xu, who is full of strange changes, Xun Yu, Xun You's uncle and nephew who are well versed in the art of war and politics, Cheng Yu, who is courageous and resourceful, etc., these people have great military and political achievements. His ability was far greater than that of Yang Xiu, but none of them were killed by Cao Cao because of their talent. The "nephew of the Yuan family" alone will not be killed. For example, Pang De already has a reputation for bravery under Ma Chao, and his brother is an official under Liu Bei. Cao Cao also used him and Cao Ren to deal with Guan Yu (9) It can be seen that Even if he is talented and Yuan Shu's nephew, he will not be killed. This second reason is actually because Yang Xiu, Cao Cao and others had different political views, so they were tabooed.
Yang Xiu’s father, Yang Biao, was an orthodox Confucianist, while Cao Cao was an informal reformer. In the first year of Jian'an, when Cao Cao welcomed the Han Dynasty and presented the imperial capital to Xuchang, Yang Biao was the minister, which was equivalent to the role of prime minister, and he already had opinions about Cao Cao. "In the first year of Jian'an, Xu came from the east capital. At that time, the emperor had moved to the new place. Cao Cao, the governor of Yanzhou and the governor of Yanzhou, came to the palace. He was not happy when he saw Biao. He was afraid of this. He didn't get a banquet. He went to the toilet because he was sick and returned to the camp." , and "In the fourth year of Jian'an (Jian'an), he returned to worship Taichang, and was exempted from it for ten years. In the eleventh year, all those who had been favored as princes seized the title. Seeing that Han Zuo was about to die, Biao said that he could no longer walk due to leg cramps, and had accumulated ten years "(10), in the case of "Three Kingdoms", in May of the 18th year of Jian'an, the emperor sent Xi Lu, the imperial censor, to make Cao Cao the Duke of Wei. In the summer of the 21st year, he was promoted to the king of Wei. "In the eleventh year of (Jian'an)... Biao saw that Han Zuo was about to die, so he said that his legs were cramped and he could no longer walk for ten years." This shows that it was not just because Yang Biao did this because he "saw Han Zuo was about to die". The reason is that in the first year of Jian'an, Cao Cao was "displeased" when he met the emperor.
So Cao Cao immediately implicated Yang Biao with the incident of Yuan Shu assuming the title of emperor in the second year of Xingping. The reason was that Mrs. Yang Biao was Yuan Shu's daughter, and he intended to get rid of this political enemy. At this time, Kong Rong, another minister who had always been politically opposed to Cao Cao and had good relations with Yang Biao, heard about it. He didn't even have time to put on his court uniform and came to Cao Cao and said: "The fourth generation of Duke Yang is so virtuous that everyone in the world sees it." "The Book of Zhou" said that the father and son were not related to each other, so the "Yi" said that "accumulation of good deeds will make people happy". "Cao Cao defended himself," Kong Rong immediately said. He said: "If King Cheng kills Duke Shao, will Duke Zhou be able to speak without knowing what is wrong?" He continued to threaten Cao Cao, "If you kill innocent people today, the whole country will watch and listen. Who will not disintegrate! Kong Rong, a man from the Lu Kingdom, will leave tomorrow. No more court." At this time, Cao Cao's foundation in the court was not yet stable, and his wings were not yet full. He had to rely on celebrities such as Kong Rong to win people's hearts, so he had no choice but to "get rid of Biao." But Kong Rong was also a wild man who was good at talking. He had trouble with Cao Cao several times when Cao Cao implemented new orders. And sarcasm. At that time, due to frequent wars and famine, the people were in dire straits, so Cao Cao ordered a ban on alcohol to save food. Kong Rong wrote a letter to satirize Cao Cao, saying: "There are stars in the sky with wine flags, and counties with wine springs on the earth. People have the virtue of wine. Therefore, Yao could not become a saint if he did not drink Qianzhong. Moreover, Jie and Zhou destroyed the country with sex, and marriage is now prohibited." When the imperial censor Xi Lu knew about this, he was "exempted from official duties." Knowing that he "lost power at home" , and the guests are filling the door day by day." He also "often sighed and said: "The seats are always full of guests, and the wine in the bottle is not empty, so I have no worries." After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, Cao Pi married Shao's son Yuan Xi's wife Zhen. Wife, he joked again: "King Wu defeated Zhou and gave Daji to Duke Zhou. "Because Kong Rong was knowledgeable, Cao Cao thought it was recorded in a biography, so he asked Kong Rong where it came from, and Kong Rong said: "It's natural to think of it today" (11), so Cao Cao finally found an excuse to kill Kong Rong. Mi Heng, who was most compatible with him, was exiled to Liu Biao because he looked down on Cao Cao. As a result, he was not liked by Liu Biao and was killed by Liu Biao's general Huang Zu. When Mi Heng commented on the people of Xuchang, he said: "The elder Kong Wenju, the younger Yang Dezu", that is to say, they only respected these two, and the others were insignificant. Kong Rong respected Liu Bei more than Cao Cao, and they looked down upon Cao Cao and Cao Wei's important ministers such as Xun Yu, Chen Qun, and Sima Yi. (12), so it can be said that he opposed the Cao Wei regime everywhere, but unfortunately he did not have the ability and strength to fight politically and militarily, so he had to take advantage of words, and was eventually killed one by one by Cao Cao, so Yang Xiu died. The second reason is that he was a member of the political camp opposite to Cao Cao, and he did not die just because he was talented and Yuan Shu's nephew.
Speaking of this, the cause of Yang Xiu's death. That’s basically it. Let’s talk about the two stories about Yang Xiu mentioned before.
One is about Cao E’s stele written by Handan Chun inscribed by Cai Yong, “Yellow Silk Young Woman, Grandson.” "Ji Jiu" incident.
The investigation of this matter comes from Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". The original text is: "Wei Wu tasted Cao E's monument, and Yang Xiu followed. On the back of the stele, there is an inscription of "Yellow Silk Young Woman, Grandson Junjiu". Wei Wu said to Xiu: "Can you explain it?" The answer was: "Explanation". A few words, "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Cao E": "In the first year of Yuanjia, the county chief minister buried E next to Jiangnan Road and erected a stele." The inscription on Cao'e's stele contains the words "compiled by Zili, Handan Chunzi, a disciple of Boping, the magistrate of Shangyu County" (13), Shangyu, the name of the county, was established in the 25th year of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty and was formerly under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji County. Therefore, this monument is in Kuaiji. According to the "Shangyu County Chronicle" written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty: "Cao'e Temple is on the west bank of the Cao'e River in the Tenth Capital, formerly in Jiangdong. It belonged to Shangyu, but was later destroyed by the wind and moved to its present location, under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji." Therefore, this stele is located in Shangyu, Shaoxing. Cao Cao has never been to the south of the Yangtze River in his life. It can be clearly inferred that this matter is purely fictitious. Perhaps Luo Guanzhong also discovered He had this problem, so in his "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the incident evolved into Cai Wenji's home where Cao Cao passed through Lantian, and he saw the rubbings of the inscription to cover up this obvious flaw, which is also a well-intentioned aside. The Cao E stele still exists, and I once visited it. However, the stele that was still erected in Shangyu County in the first year of Jia of the Han Dynasty (AD 151) has long been lost. Later, in the second year of Dongshengping (AD 358), Wang Xizhi also visited. Temple Book Cao'e Stele, the text was engraved by Wu Maoxian of Xin'an. The handwriting on this stele is now in the Liaoning Museum. It is inscribed by Xu Sengquan, Manqian, Huaichong and others from the Liang Dynasty, and is also inscribed by Han Yu, Song Gaozong and others. The Cao'e stele was written by Cai Bian, Wang Anshi's son-in-law, in the eighth year of Yuanyou in the Song Dynasty (1093 AD).
This stele is 2.3 meters high and 1 meter wide. It is written in regular regular script and has a powerful and smooth writing style. It has a high status in the history of Chinese calligraphy. Since it has been around for thousands of years, it can be said to be extremely precious.
The second one is about Yang Xiu’s interpretation of Cao Cao’s “Yihesu” as “one person, one bite”. I was asked to write this article by a friend who works in middle school, so I found that in the current junior high school text "The Death of Yang Xiu", there is a sentence: "Cao himself wrote the three words 'a box of cakes' on the box and placed it on the desk." . Here, I think the word "box" should be the word "合". Because according to "Hanshu·Lülizhi": "Ten liters are a liter, and ten liters are a bucket." The "one he" here should be a unit of measurement, not the "one bag" or "one bag" in our usual sense. The meaning of "a box"; also, the "Dictionary of Commonly Used Ancient Chinese Words" notes: "合" is also pronounced as gě, which is the unit of capacity; and the "Shuowen Jiezi" only contains the word "合" and does not include the word "box" "Shuowen Jiezi" was compiled by Xu Shen (about 54 AD - 149 AD), so the word "box" should not have existed during the Three Kingdoms period; moreover, the ancients wrote vertically, If it is the word "box", it should be pronounced as "one person, one cup of cake", which makes no sense. Only "he" can make sense; therefore, the word "box" may have come into being because later generations took the word "plate" The word's meaning of storage is derived from the combination of one of the meanings of the word "合". Perhaps the editor of the text only considered the standardization of the wording and did not consider that the word "box" did not exist in ancient times, so the word "box" was used. However, as a historical story, I think we should respect the historical usage of words, and the current usage cannot reasonably explain this story, so I still use the word "合" and add a note to explain it at the end. Better, otherwise, it will inevitably be misleading.
Answer: Hai Xiao2008 - Scholar Level 2 11-25 13:43