Liu Shaokuan, whose diary is named Hou Zhuang, was born in Baisha, Pingyang (now Cangnan County), a big family in the south of the Yangtze River. When he was young, he was enlightened by two uncles, Yang Xunbo and Lou Yu, from whom he often hired Ryan, Sun Yiyan and Sun Yirang. 17 years old, the first place in the make-up exam. At the age of 22, he studied under Ryan Linyang Hui Jin, a scholar from South Zhejiang University. 30 years old, makeup background, 3 1 year old, tribute.
Mr. Liu Shaokuan has rich tourism experience. 1902 entered sinian college. 1904, he traveled to Japan for 70 days, visited 24 schools in Tokyo and other places, and wrote "Looking at the History of Japan". Sun Yirang was full of praise for this "record": "In management, the books of teaching and learning are all complementary to each other, so as to benefit my shortcomings. The essence of his theory is consistent with the records of Zhou Guanjing, and I believe it will not be published. " Mr. Liu Shaokuan also applied the results of his investigation in Japan to the educational development in Wenzhou. "People from his inspection are familiar with their hometown. In a few months, they will become Jiangnan township, and they will become fourteen districts, and Pingyi will also learn. " According to the statistics of Guangxu thirty-two years (1906), under the leadership of Mr. Liu Shaokuan, 43 ordinary schools were established in Pingyang, my hometown, with the largest number of students among Wenzhou counties, ranking first among Wenzhou counties and second in the province. In 1905 and 19 17, Liu Shaokuan was the principal of Wenzhou Middle School twice. When he was in office, he formulated 26 chapters of the Provisional Regulations of Wenzhou Government Secondary Schools, including the degree of discipline, homework examination, fund outline, student code and so on. , detailed content, strict management. He employs famous teachers in many ways, which is the top priority of running a good school. For example, Gao Feihong Yun Xiang (Cixi), who was studying at Meiji University, was appointed as the head teacher, and Chen Shouyong was hired as an English teacher with a monthly salary of three times. At that time, Wenzhou was full of talents, and China was full of talents. He also compiled his own teaching materials, including Chinese Teaching Method, Lecture on Cultivation, Book of Rites of Zhou, Introduction to Cultivation Professor, etc., and took part-time courses for free. As a result, the reputation of the school rose, the number of students expanded year by year, and the school facilities expanded rapidly. In this respect, his diary can best reflect Wenzhou's modern education and civilization.
It took him ten years to compile 98 volumes of Pingyang County Records, which became one of the best local records in modern times with perfect style, rich materials, accurate textual research and proper narration. During 1925' s tenure as the director of Wenzhou Qiao Yuan Library, he collected extensively the works of rural sages. At the invitation of Huang Suchu, he and Liu successively published Jingxianglou Series, which made the academic works of Wenzhou rural sages spread.
He cares about state affairs. He has long subscribed to Shanghai's Shen Bao, News, Current Affairs, Diplomatic News, World Bulletin and Current Affairs Magazine, and has established long-term correspondence with overseas students in Shanghai, making him familiar with rural affairs, civil affairs and state affairs. And summarize the political current affairs at that time in the diary.
He was born in the decline of Qing Dynasty, and experienced the times of foreign invasion, warlord scuffle and Japanese invasion. He personally felt the sadness of the world, the loss of life and the livelihood of the people. It was a kind of life that "my life has always been miserable". It is in such an era of internal troubles and foreign invasion that he still focuses on learning, indifferent to fame and fortune, despises political skills, inherits Yongjia school's style of study, enlightens the people, educates talents, strives to explore the road of saving the country and the people, and becomes a cultural person. His knowledge and experience enriched the contents of the diary, and his ideological track was also reflected between the lines of the diary. Mr. Liu Shaokuan regards keeping a diary as a rigorous science and wants to leave it as a cultural heritage for future generations. Today, hou zhuang Diary has become a great wealth of Wenzhou local literature and history.
Liu Shaokuan's Diary of hou zhuang begins at 1888 and ends at 1942. This diary of millions of words was written by him after more than half a century of hardships. Although this diary was not officially published, only a part of it was selected, but it had an extraordinary impact. Historians believe that Diary of hou zhuang is comparable to Diary of Yuemaotang by Li Ciming (1830- 1894), and even surpasses it in terms of time. Because Li Ciming lived only in the late Qing Dynasty, his diary only lasted for 40 years. However, Liu Shaokuan's diary is even longer than this 14 years, which has experienced important periods and major historical turning points such as the late Qing Dynasty, Beiyang Government, Xinhai Revolution, Kuomintang Government and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. It is an important period of China's old democratic revolution and new democratic revolution, and this historical material is precious to Wenzhou. However, Liu Shaokuan admires Li Ciming's academic methods. He read Yue Maotang's diary twice before his death and learned many advantages from it. His diary not only has Li Ciming's academic consciousness and the dynamics of the upper class, but also has a record of folk consciousness and local chores, which has a stronger historical three-dimensional sense. It can be said that this diary contains the situation of Wenzhou for half a century, and also records the changes of Wenzhou folk world for 54 years, which has become a knowledge that others can't do.
Hou zhuang Diary is still a manuscript at present. It was written with a ten-line brush, and most of it was written by Mr. Liu Shaokuan himself. Some diaries in my later years were copied because of my bad eyes. The manuscript of this diary is treasured in Wenzhou Library, and now it belongs to a rare book. Diary 1 * * * 4086 pages, integrating 40 volumes.
In the late 1980s, the author participated in the compilation of local chronicles and first came into contact with Liu Shaokuan's Diary of Houzhuang, which has been dusty for many years. At that time, all comrades in Shi Zhiban, Pingyang County, out of admiration for Mr. Liu Shaokuan and attention to local documents, copied all these "rare books" and invited 10 comrades who were good at calligraphy to copy them into 10 volumes, which were presented to relevant libraries, archives and local chronicles departments respectively, becoming the first generation editors at that time.
Mr. Liu Shaokuan is an expert in historical records, and his diary is detailed and appropriate. For example, his conversations with politicians and celebrities at that time were recorded in great detail and were of great academic and historical value. But there are few words about some trends and running accounts. He once said: "In the future, I will keep a diary, one day, two words, three letters, four times, five classics, six physics books and seven papers. Make a case every day and bring a foreign pen with you. " In order not to forget and achieve rigor, he once made a rule for himself: "This must be kept with a pencil and copied into the notebook at any time, so as to be rigorous. It is planned to start tomorrow. " His diary runs through his life, and he regards it as a historical responsibility to finish it. Mr. Liu Shaokuan is a visionary scholar. He is well aware of the historical role of diary and can become a rich mine of local Pepsi. It has been 120 years since he kept a diary. This document of 100 words contains too many changes in Wenzhou over the past half century.
Because he paid attention to the historical value of diaries from the beginning, he was different in content selection and recording methods. Hou zhuang Diary is not a record of ordinary literati's own life, but a record of Wenzhou's regional situation at that time. Diary involves political affairs, recording local government affairs changes and national current affairs; Diary truthfully records chores, and gives a clear account of the religious plans, Shenquan and Yong Lian that appeared in Wenzhou in a specific historical period; Diary focuses on educational culture, because that era is the beginning of modern education and the career that the author has served all his life. He is an expert in compiling and studying local chronicles. His diary carefully recorded the textual research results of lost articles and documents, and provided detailed information for future generations. He loves life, observes social classes, pays attention to the contacts of celebrities and cares about friends and students. All these anecdotes can be seen in his diary, that is, local customs, local customs and agricultural climate are all reflected in his diary. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that hou zhuang Diary is rich in Wenzhou historical materials. Records of some important events are very rare and precious, such as:
When reviewing his diary from 1933 to 1934, he wrote this passage: "That is an amazing current event. After direct negotiations with the East, there were Feng (Yuxiang)' s Anti-Japanese War, Fang (Zhenwu)' s land of Ji (Hongchang) and Cai (Tingkai)' s land of Jiang (Guangkai). When crossing the border with Liu (Zhennian), he suffered from elbow and armpit. Fortunately, they all passed safely, and the records are available. "This passage can not only convince Liu Shaokuan's insight into major events, but also make people admire his rigor in remembering major events.
19 12' s diary reflects the dynamics of the Xinhai Revolution in Wenzhou: "I contacted Zhicheng in Aojiang and sent more than ten letters." "Get ready for tomorrow's party." "* * * hold a staff meeting with the party, negotiate the articles of association, and run a monthly report." In 1923' s diary, Wenzhou boycotted Japanese goods: "1 In May, Japanese academic and business circles gave a speech on boycotting Japanese goods." "On the 9th, today is the' May 9th' National Shame Memorial Day, the whole town went on strike, and students from all schools marched and gave speeches." During the period of 1924, Zhejiang and Fujian armies fought all year round, which reflected the social situation of Wenzhou where warlords were fighting each other, and also truthfully recorded Wenzhou people's attitude towards Fujian army. "Mr. Lu from Yongjia and the governor of Rui 'an came to Pingyang to welcome the Fujian army." 1927' s diary frequently records the activities of Wenzhou * * * production party, the surging peasant association movement, the transfer and appointment of county heads, and the continuous increase and withdrawal of troops. 1938, which recorded a major event of cooperation between China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, is very rare. "On February 9th, Chairman Huang of Zhejiang Province went to Pingyang yesterday, arrived, covered a letter and summoned Liu Ying. But Liu Ying didn't come, and Wu Yu was the representative. " "March 1 1, Liu Ying troops set out yesterday and left Taishun for the country with 3,000 troops. Let's talk about Qu and Er, who crossed the river yesterday and were sent by Xu County at noon. " "Although the country has merged and the name of the Red Army has been abolished, the territory is still there, and all the party departments have been arrested and imprisoned by law, with a total of four people." What is more valuable is that there are dozens of entries in the diary from 1937 to 1942, which record the Japanese bombing of Yongjia, Yueqing, Ruian and Pingyang, and the author specially extracts and sorts them out. From Liu Shaokuan's diary, we can see the crimes committed by Japanese militarism against the people of Wenzhou. "On September 20, Huang Ren, chairman of the province, circulated the newspapers, and all the houses bombed and destroyed by enemy planes were not allowed to be published. This is a cover-up! ""The county magistrate and all the officials moved to Beigang. They were sentenced to life imprisonment and executed in front of Liaohong Temple. More than 20 people died. "Southeast Daily claimed how Yongjia fought back against the enemy and fought bravely. Moreover, on the 20th of last month, the enemy of Ryan was divided into Pingyang, and hundreds of people were killed. This newspaper is too ridiculous to read. "These styles are true, which makes us more directly understand the friction between the state and the Kuomintang during the period of cooperation, and the fact that the Kuomintang government passively resisted Japan and brutally killed the producers of * * *.
In addition to these precious political diaries, Mr. Liu Shaokuan is better at the communication and academic records of cultural celebrities. His friends, correspondence and poems with Song, Chen Jieshi, Sun Yirang, Huang, Xu Banhou and Huang Suichu are recorded. In his account of a long talk with Song Shu, the content reached thousands of words, which was very innovative. At the same time, he also recorded Wenzhou celebrities who were later than him. For example 1906, Guo went to Milan, Italy to attend a fishery conference; 1920 mathematician Jiang Lifu received his doctorate in the United States; 1927 Xie Xiaxun is famous for its chess skills at home and abroad; 1933, Su wrote the first draft of the Book of Changes in prison; "Bai Shi bian pu" sent by Xia; There are five young scholars in Wenzhou, four in Pingyang and one in Yueqing, including Zhang Boju, Jiang Lifu, Chen, Su and Hong Borong. He began to be an apprentice at the age of 20 and devoted his life to education. He recorded the educational development materials of Wenzhou in detail, which can be called the educational history of Wenzhou during the Republic of China.